Genetic Variability of Ceraeochrysa cincta, Ceraeochrysa claveri, and Ceraeochrysa cubana (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Populations in Agroecosystems of Southeast Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-775
Author(s):  
Amanda de Faria Santos ◽  
Nara C Chiarini Pena Barbosa ◽  
Thaís Coelho Thomazini ◽  
Adriana Coletto Morales
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Southeast Brazil ◽  
Green Lacewings ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
High Gene ◽  
Anthropic Action

Abstract The species of the genus Ceraeochrysa, known as green lacewings or trash-carriers, are widely distributed along the Americas and its islands. In Brazil, 28 species are found, including Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider), Ceraeochrysa claveri (Navás), and Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen). These species are recorded on many crops, where they are often used for biological control. For this use, knowledge of the genetic features of the species is extremely important because they are associated to the species’ ability to withstand different conditions in new environments, such as variations of temperature and presence of pathogens. However, little is known about the genetic features of Ceraeochrysa species. Here, we analyze and compare the distribution of the genetic variability of C. cincta, C. claveri, and C. cubana in agroecosystem populations of southeast Brazil. We found a high genetic diversity in each of the three species, and no strong genetic structure was detected, such that genetic diversity is broadly shared among the crops and localities analyzed. We can conclude that there was a high gene flow among the sampled Ceraeochrysa populations (natural or driven by anthropic action) since the exchange of seedlings among crops can lead to the distribution of the specimens.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure and Diversity of Attalea vitrivir Populations in Brazilian Cerrado

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Bárbara Rayane Ramos Muniz Nassau ◽  
Lorena Ramos da Mata ◽  
Márcio de Carvalho Moretzsohn ◽  
Vânia Cristina Rennó Azevedo ◽  
Marcelo Mattos Cavallari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Limited Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure And Diversity

The Babassu (Attalea sp.) is a native palm tree, belonging to the family Arecaceae, with a wide distribution in Brazil. The species Attalea vitrivir Zona occurs in the Northwest of Minas Gerais State and Southwest of Bahia State, where the Cerrado is the predominant biome. Babassu is an important native oil resource and one of the main extractive products in Brazil, besides contributing significantly to the economy of some Brazilian States. The results of an ongoing study of the conservation status and genetic diversity of populations of the palm A.vitrivir are presented. The distribution of A. vitrivir has been reduced by habitat fragmentation, resulting in two main regions of occurrence (northern and southern), with a large gap between them, being only one of them protected by a conservation unit. A total of 84 microsatellite primer pairs designed for Attalea speciosa were screened for polymorphism and transferability in A. vitrivir individuals and 21 transferable primer pairs were used to better understand the distribution of genetic variability, gene flow and conservation status of A. vitrivir populations.The genetic diversity estimates using these primers indicated high levels of genetic variation and showed that a higher variation was located within than among populations, probably due to reproductive isolation. The five populations evaluated were grouped into two distinct groups, coinciding with northern and southern regions. High genetic diversity within populations and high differentiation among both regions indicate limited gene flow. The northern unprotected populations presented high genetic variability and should also be considered for protection for the long term conservation of the species.

scholarly journals Genetic variability in the peach palm genebank with RAPD markers

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelly de Cristo Araújo ◽  
Doriane Picanço Rodrigues ◽  
Spartaco Astolfi Filho ◽  
Charles Roland Clement
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Peach Palm ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
High Gene ◽  
Average Gene

Peach palm is a native Amazonian fruit species with broad genetic diversity in its wild and domesticated populations. This study completed the molecular characterization and genetic analysis of the accessions in the Peach Palm genebank, Brazil, using RAPD markers. Eight primers generated 132 markers, of which 128 were polymorphic. Average heterozigosity was 0.35, with 95.5% polymorphism. The genetic variability within the landraces (H S) was 0.32, while genetic divergence (G ST) was 0.09 among the four well-represented landraces. The average gene flow was 5.0, with high gene flow between the Solimões and Pampa Hermosa (Nm=10.07), and between the Putumayo and Solimões (Nm=10.73) landraces, all western landraces. The dendrograms of the Nei's and Rogers' genetic distances of the well-represented landraces presented similar groupings to previous analyses, with the Solimões, Putumayo and Pampa Hermosa landraces grouped together in western Amazonia, and distant from the Pará landrace in central and eastern Amazonia.

scholarly journals Genetic structure and diversity of the mustard hill coral Porites astreoides along the Florida Keys reef tract

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique N. Gallery ◽  
Michelle L. Green ◽  
Ilsa B. Kuffner ◽  
Elizabeth A. Lenz ◽  
Lauren T. Toth
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Porites Astreoides ◽  
Single Well ◽  
Reef Tract

AbstractIncreases in local and global stressors have led to major declines in coral populations throughout the western Atlantic. While abundances of other species have declined, however, the relative abundance of the mustard hill coral, Porites astreoides, has increased. Porites astreoides is relatively resilient to some stressors, and because of its mixed reproductive strategies, its populations often recover quickly following disturbances. The ability for P. astreoides to continue as a potential “winner” in western Atlantic reefs relies on maintaining sufficient genetic variation within populations to support acclimatization and adaptation to current and future environmental change. Without high genetic diversity and gene flow within the population, it would have limited capacity for adaptation and the species’ competitive advantages could be short-lived. In this study, we determined the genetic relatedness of 37 P. astreoides colonies at four shallow reefs along the offshore Florida Keys Reef Tract (FKRT), a region particularly hard-hit by recent disturbances. Using previously designed microsatellite markers, we determined the genetic diversity and connectivity of individuals among and between sites. Our results suggest that the FKRT likely contains a single, well-mixed genetic population of P. astreoides, with high levels of gene flow and evidence for larval migration throughout the region. This suggests that regional populations of P. astreoides likely have a higher chance of maintaining resilience than many other western Atlantic species as they face current and future disturbances.

scholarly journals Range reduction of the Oblong Rocksnail, Leptoxis compacta, shapes riverscape genetic patterns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaliyah D. Wright ◽  
Nicole L. Garrison ◽  
Ashantye’ S. Williams ◽  
Paul D. Johnson ◽  
Nathan V. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
River System ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Range Contraction ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Cahaba River

AbstractMany freshwater gastropod species face extinction, including 79% of species in the family Pleuroceridae. The Oblong Rocksnail, Leptoxis compacta, is a narrow range endemic pleurocerid from the Cahaba River basin in central Alabama that has seen rapid range contraction in the last 100 years. Such a decline is expected to negatively affect genetic diversity in the species. However, precise patterns of genetic variation and gene flow across the restricted range of L. compacta are unknown. This lack of information limits our understanding of human impacts on the Cahaba River system and Pleuroceridae. Here, we show that L. compacta has likely seen a species-wide decline in genetic diversity, but remaining populations have relatively high genetic diversity. We also report a contemporary range extension compared to the last published survey. Leptoxis compacta does not display an isolation by distance pattern, contrasting patterns seen in many riverine taxa. Our findings also indicate that historical range contraction has resulted in the absence of common genetic patterns seen in many riverine taxa like isolation by distance as the small distribution of L. compacta allows for relatively unrestricted gene flow across its remaining range despite limited dispersal abilities. Two collection sites had higher genetic diversity than others, and broodstock sites for future captive propagation and reintroduction efforts should utilize sites identified here as having the highest genetic diversity. Broadly, our results support the hypothesis that range contraction will result in the reduction of species-wide genetic diversity, and common riverscape genetic patterns cannot be assumed to be present in species facing extinction risk.

scholarly journals Range reduction of Oblong Rocksnail, Leptoxis compacta, shapes riverscape genetic patterns

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9789
Author(s):  
Aaliyah D. Wright ◽  
Nicole L. Garrison ◽  
Ashantye’ S. Williams ◽  
Paul D. Johnson ◽  
Nathan V. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
River System ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Range Contraction ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Cahaba River

Many freshwater gastropod species face extinction, including 79% of species in the family Pleuroceridae. The Oblong Rocksnail, Leptoxis compacta, is a narrow range endemic pleurocerid from the Cahaba River basin in central Alabama that has seen rapid range contraction in the last 100 years. Such a decline is expected to negatively affect genetic diversity in the species. However, precise patterns of genetic variation and gene flow across the restricted range of L. compacta are unknown. This lack of information limits our understanding of human impacts on the Cahaba River system and Pleuroceridae. Here, we show that L. compacta has likely seen a species-wide decline in genetic diversity, but remaining populations have relatively high genetic diversity. We also report a contemporary range extension compared to the last published survey. Our findings indicate that historical range contraction has resulted in the absence of common genetic patterns seen in many riverine taxa like isolation by distance as the small distribution of L. compacta allows for relatively unrestricted gene flow across its remaining range despite limited dispersal abilities. Two collection sites had higher genetic diversity than others, and broodstock sites for future captive propagation and reintroduction efforts should utilize sites identified here as having the highest genetic diversity. Broadly, our results support the hypothesis that range contraction will result in the reduction of species-wide genetic diversity, and common riverscape genetic patterns cannot be assumed to be present in species facing extinction risk.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of African clawless otters (Aonyx capensis) occurring in urbanised areas of Gauteng, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 (7/8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian W. Ponsonby ◽  
M. Thabang Madisha ◽  
Schwaibold Schwaibold ◽  
Desiré L. Dalton
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
High Gene

Genetic diversity is the basis of the evolutionary potential of species to respond to environmental changes. However, restricting the movement of species can result in populations becoming less connected which can reduce gene flow and can subsequently result in a loss of genetic diversity. Urban expansion can lead to the fragmentation of habitats which affects the ability of species to move freely between areas. In this study, the genetic diversity of the African clawless otter (Aonyx capensis) in Gauteng (South Africa) was assessed using non-invasive sampling techniques. DNA was extracted from spraint (faecal) samples collected along nine rivers and genotyped using 10 microsatellites to assess population structure and genetic diversity. Samples were grouped based on locality and by catchment to determine whether isolated subpopulations exist. Genetic diversity of A. capensis in Gauteng was found to be low (mean observed heterozygosity (Ho)=0.309). Analysis of genetic structure provides support for the otter populations being panmictic with high gene flow between populations from different rivers. Results from the study indicate that the movement of A. capensis is not affected by physical barriers in urbanised areas. However, because the genetic diversity of the species in the study area is low, these animals may not be able to cope with future environmental changes.

scholarly journals Genetic signatures of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Ambiguous silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus (Teleostei, Stromateidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 810 ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Long-Shan Lin ◽  
Tian-Xiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Factorial Correspondence Analysis ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Pampus Argenteus ◽  
Allele Number ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
High Gene

Pampusargenteus is a broadly exploited pelagic fish species, commonly misidentified as Pampusechinogaster. Genetic variation and population structure in Pampusargenteus was studied based on seven microsatellite loci. The observed high average allele number, heterozygosity values, and polymorphism information content of P.argenteus suggested high genetic diversity. No population genetic differentiation was detected based on the results of pairwise Fst, three-dimensional factorial correspondence analysis (3D-FCA) and STRUCTURE analysis, which implied continuous gene flow. Wilcoxon signed rank tests did not indicate significant heterozygosity excess, and recent genetic bottleneck events were not detected. Coupled with previous mitochondrial DNA results, the findings presented here indicate that high gene flow characterizes the current phylogeographic pattern of the species.

Gene flow from multiple sources maintains high genetic diversity and stable population history of Common MoorhenGallinula chloropusin China

Ibis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luzhang Ruan ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Yuqing Han ◽  
Chaoying Zhu ◽  
Bicai Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Population History ◽  
Stable Population ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Gene flow between diploid and tetraploid junipers - two contrasting evolutionary pathways in two Juniperus populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Perla Farhat ◽  
Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev ◽  
Nicolas Valentin ◽  
Carlos Fabregat ◽  
Silvia Lopez-Udias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Iberian Range ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Evolutionary Pathways

Abstract Background Gene flow and polyploidy have been found to be important in Juniperus evolution. However, little evidence has been published elucidating the association of both phenomena in juniper taxa in the wild. Two main areas were studied in Spain (Eastern Iberian Range and Sierra de Baza) with both diploid and tetraploid taxa present in sympatry. Gene flow and ploidy level were assessed for these taxa and the resulted offspring. Results Twenty-two allo-triploid hybrids between J. sabina var. sabina and J. thurifera were found in the Eastern Iberian Range population. However, in the Sierra de Baza population no triploids were found. Instead, 18 allo-tetraploid hybrids between two tetraploid taxa: J. sabina var. balkanensis and J. thurifera were discovered. High genetic diversity was exhibited among the tetraploid hybrids at Sierra de Baza, in contrast to the genetically identical triploid hybrids at the Eastern Iberian Range; this suggests meiotic difficulties within the triploid hybrids. In addition, unidirectional gene flow was observed in both studied areas. Conclusion Polyploidy and hybridization can be complementary partners in the evolution of Juniperus taxa in sympatric occurrences. Juniperus was shown to be an ideal coniferous model to study these two phenomena, independently or in concert.

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