The stability of voluntarism: financing social care in early modern Dutch towns compared with the English Poor Law, c. 1600-1800

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. van Nederveen Meerkerk ◽  
D. Teeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Poor Law ◽  
The Stability

scholarly journals Midwifery and Maternity Care for Single Mothers in Eighteenth-Century Wales

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-416
Author(s):  
Angela Joy Muir
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Maternity Care ◽  
Homogeneous Group ◽  
Poor Law ◽  
Safe Delivery ◽  
History Of Childbirth ◽  
History Of

Summary The history of childbirth in England has gained increasing momentum, but no studies have been carried out for Wales, and therefore the nature of childbirth in early modern Wales remains largely unknown. This article seeks to redress this imbalance in two ways: First, by examining Welsh parish, court and ecclesiastical records for evidence of those who attended parturient women. This evidence demonstrates that Welsh midwives were not a homogeneous group who shared a common status and experience, but were a diverse mix of practitioners drawn from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds. Secondly, by assessing the care these practitioners provided to some of the most marginalised in Welsh society: unmarried pregnant women. Parish resources were limited, and poor law provision often covered only what was considered absolutely necessary. Analysis of what was deemed essential for the safe delivery of illegitimate infants provides a revealing glimpse of to the ‘ceremony of childbirth’ in eighteenth-century Wales.

Coined and counterfeit language in Renaissance England

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Brian Cooper Ballentine
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
British Economy ◽  
New Words ◽  
Renaissance England ◽  
The Stability

To describe imported and new words in the rapidly changing English vernacular, Renaissance writers rely upon metaphors that emphasize similarities between linguistic exchange and features of the economy, like coining, borrowing, and counterfeiting. Concerns surrounding the stability of the early modern British economy provided analogies that could be readily applied to concerns about the legitimacy of the vernacular. Like the unstable and inflationary British economy that serves as the backdrop of early modern discussions of linguistic economies, foreign and Latinate terms were implicated in excess, uncertain value, and fraudulence committed against society at large.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF POOR RELIEF IN LANCASHIRE, c. 1598–1680

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONATHAN HEALEY
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Poor Relief ◽  
Poor Law ◽  
The Poor

ABSTRACTThe development of the poor law has formed a key element of recent discussions of ‘state formation’ in early modern England. There are, however, still few local studies of how formal poor relief, stipulated in the great Tudor statutes, was implemented on the ground. This article offers such a study, focusing on Lancashire, an economically marginal county, far from Westminster. It argues that the poor law developed in Lancashire surprisingly quickly in the early seventeenth century, despite the fact that there is almost no evidence of implementation of statutory relief before 1598, and formal relief mechanisms were essentially in place before the Civil War even if the numbers on relief remained small. After a brief hiatus during the conflict, the poor law was quickly revived in the 1650s. The role of the magistracy is emphasized as a crucial driving force, not just in the enforcement of the statutes, but also in setting relief policy. The thousands of petitions to JPs by paupers, parishes, and townships that survive in the county archives suggests that magistrates were crucial players in the ‘politics of the parish’.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Archer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
National History ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Textual History ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Models Of Reading

The introduction reflects on standard early modern prefatory statements of textual imperfection as a productive way into the narrative of the Mirror for Magistrates’ sixty-year evolution. Portrayed in successive editions as unfinished and open to expansion and revision, the Mirror compromises the stability of national history and text itself in the course of its metaliterary commentary on its own textual history. The introduction sketches the Mirror’s chequered reception in modern scholarship, from mid-twentieth-century scepticism to its recent critical revival, and gestures towards its pervasive presence in late Elizabethan literary culture as evidence of the centrality of its models of reading and writing history for Spenser, Shakespeare, and others. An outline of the subsequent chapters concludes this section.

‘CANNOT BE FED ON WHEN STARVING’: AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC THOUGHT SURROUNDING CHINA’S EARLIER USE OF PAPER MONEY

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-395
Author(s):  
NIV HORESH
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Late Imperial China ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Paper Money ◽  
Imperial China ◽  
The Stability

This article argues that Western impressions of the Chinese pre-modern monetary experience might have been excessively colored by Marco Polo’s favorable commentary on the stability of the Mongol polity and its dissemination of paper money. Experiments with unconvertible paper money had ultimately been no more successful in late-imperial China than they were in the early-modern West. By 1430, in fact, the Ming dynasty was forced to abandon the issuance of paper money altogether. The genesis of paper money both in China and it the West had originally emanated from private institutions. However, royally chartered banks of issue were conspicuously absent from the Chinese setting until the late nineteenth century.

‘It is impossible for our Vestry to judge his case into perfection from here’: Managing the Distance Dimensions of Poor Relief, 1800–40

Rural History ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVE KING
Keyword(s):  
Poor Relief ◽  
Poor Law ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Trust And Reputation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Relief System ◽  
Parish System ◽  
The Way

This article addresses the way in which officials in the last decades of the Old Poor Law thought about and addressed the problems posed to the poor relief process by the migration of paupers. Focusing on the so called out-parish relief system, the article uses rich overseer correspondence and supplementary pauper letters from the northwest of England to explore several key themes in the period 1800–1840: the nature of money transmission where allowances had to be paid at a distance, issues of administrative competence and incompetence, the nature of relationships between parishes and between parishes and their distant poor under the out-parish relief system, and issues of trust and reputation between parishes and between parishes and paupers. The article will show that the out-parish system was vital to the stability of the Old Poor Law and that its apparent fragility and susceptibility to fraud and mistrust is to some extent belied by the fact that robust and long term relationships developed between parishes under the out-parish system.

scholarly journals Exploring longitudinal care histories for looked after children: a sequence analysis of administrative social care data

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise McGrath-Lone ◽  
Katie Harron ◽  
Lorraine Dearden ◽  
Ruth Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Children In Care ◽  
Care History

BackgroundOutcomes for children in care vary by the stability of their placements (for example, more placement changes have been associated with poorer educational attainment). Official statistics describing the stability of care histories for children in England are limited to placement changes within a 12-month period. These annual statistical ‘snapshots’ cannot capture the complexity of children’s experiences; however, as administrative data have been routinely collected since 1992, it is possible to reconstruct longitudinal care histories. ObjectiveTo identify distinct patterns of care history by applying sequence analysis methods to longitudinal, administrative data. MethodsWe extracted care histories from birth to age 18 for a large, representative sample of children born 1992-94 (N=16,000) from routinely-collected Children Looked After Return data. We explored the heterogeneity of  children’s care histories in terms of stability and identified sub-groups based on the number, duration and timing of placements using sequence analysis methods. ResultsChildren’s care histories were varied with the number of placements ranging from 1 to 184 (median: 2). However, six distinct sub-groups of care history were evident including; adolescent entries (17.6%), long-term instability (13.1%) and early intervention (6.9%). Overall, most children (58.4%) had a care history that could be classified as’short-term care’ with an average of 276 days in care and 2.48 placements throughout childhood. Few children (4.0%) had a care history that could be described as ‘long-term stable care’. ConclusionsSequence analyses of longitudinal data can refine our understanding of how out-of-home care is used as a social care intervention. Despite the policy focus on achieving long-term stability for children in care, the vast majority of children remain in care for a short period of time. Future work exploring how outcomes vary between the different sub-groups of care history could enable better evaluation of the effects of longitudinal care experiences.

scholarly journals Exploring variation in how ambulance services address non-conveyance: a qualitative interview study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e024228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Knowles ◽  
Lindsey Bishop-Edwards ◽  
Alicia O’Cathain
Keyword(s):  
Social Care ◽  
Qualitative Interview ◽  
Interview Study ◽  
Ambulance Service ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The Stability

ObjectivesThere is considerable variation in non-conveyance rates between ambulance services in England. The aim was to explore variation in how each ambulance service addressed non-conveyance for calls ending in telephone advice and discharge at scene.DesignA qualitative interview study.SettingTen large regional ambulance services covering 99% of the population in England.ParticipantsBetween four and seven interviewees from each ambulance service including managers, paramedics and healthcare commissioners, totalling 49 interviews.MethodsTelephone semistructured interviews.ResultsThe way interviewees in each ambulance service discussed non-conveyance within their organisation varied for three broad themes. First, ambulance service senior management appeared to set the culture around non-conveyance within an organisation, viewing it either as an opportunity or as a risky endeavour. Although motivation levels to undertake non-conveyance did not appear to be directly affected by the stability of an ambulance service in terms of continuity of leadership and externally assessed quality, this stability could affect the ability of the organisation to innovate to increase non-conveyance rates. Second, descriptions of workforce configuration differed between ambulance services, as well as how this workforce was used, trained and valued. Third, interviewees in each ambulance service described health and social care in the wider emergency and urgent care system differently in terms of availability of services that could facilitate non-conveyance, the amount of collaborative working between health and social care services and the ambulance service and complexity related to the numbers of services and healthcare commissioners with whom they had to work.ConclusionsThis study suggests that factors within and outside the control of ambulance services may contribute to variation in non-conveyance rates. These findings can be tested in a quantitative analysis of factors affecting variation in non-conveyance rates between ambulance services in England.

Changing Patterns of Poor Relief in Some English Rural Parishes Circa 1650–1750

Rural History ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOAN KENT ◽  
STEVE KING
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Poor Relief ◽  
Poor Law ◽  
Court Records ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Rural Parishes ◽  
Changing Patterns

This article uses court records, overseers' accounts, pauper examinations and other records from several counties, including Huntingdonshire and Staffordshire, to look at the experiences of poor relief in early modern England. It shows the varied circumstances under which the poor ‘encountered’ the poor law in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, highlighting the often contradictory attitudes that poor people encountered. More than this, it argues that there were many sorts of ‘poor’ people with very different capacities to negotiate about relief and to help themselves and each other. These features compounded enduring regional differences in the nature and extent of relief to generate a complex patchwork of experiences for the poor in early modern England.

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