New therapeutic targets in lipid lowering: high-sugar feeding in infants, lipoprotein(a), and lipoprotein lipase

One of the most common neurological disorders, which occurs among 1% of the population worldwide, is epilepsy. Therapeutic failure is common with epilepsy and nearly about 30% of patients fall in this category. Seizure suppression should not be the only goal while treating epilepsy but associated comorbidities, which can further worsen the condition, should also be considered. Treatment of such comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, cognition, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and, various other disorders which co-exist with epilepsy or are caused due to epilepsy should also be treated. Novel targets or the existing targets are needed to be explored for the dual mechanism which can suppress both the disease and the comorbidity. New therapeutic targets such as IDO, nNOS, PAR1, NF-κb are being explored for their role in epilepsy and various comorbidities. This review explores recent therapeutic targets for the treatment of comorbidities associated with epilepsy.

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IA09 Identification of New Therapeutic Targets in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Journal of Thoracic Oncology ◽

10.1016/j.jtho.2019.12.010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. S4

Author(s):

K.A. O'Donnell

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Therapeutic Targets ◽

Small Cell ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

New Therapeutic Targets

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Melanin production in coelomycetous agents of black grain eumycetoma

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.1093/trstmh/traa168 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wilson Lim ◽

Florianne Parel ◽

Sybren de Hoog ◽

Annelies Verbon ◽

Wendy W J van de Sande

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infection ◽

Therapeutic Targets ◽

Biosynthetic Pathways ◽

Melanin Synthesis ◽

Melanin Production ◽

Causative Agents ◽

New Therapeutic Targets

Abstract Background Eumycetoma is a fungal infection characterised by the formation of black grains by causative agents. The melanin biosynthetic pathways used by the most common causative agents of black-grain mycetoma are unknown and unravelling them could identify potential new therapeutic targets. Method Melanin biosynthetic pathways in the causative fungi were identified by the use of specific melanin inhibitors. Results In Trematosphaeria grisea and Falciformispora tompkinsii, 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin synthesis was inhibited, while DHN-, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)- and pyo-melanin were inhibited in Medicopsis romeroi and Falciformispora senegalensis. Conclusion Our data suggest that Me. romeroi and F. senegalensis synthesise DHN-, DOPA- and pyo-melanin, while T. grisea and F. tompkinsii only synthesise DHN-melanin.

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Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Outcomes after Revascularization of Carotid and Lower Limbs Arteries

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11020257 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 257

Author(s):

Marat V. Ezhov ◽

Narek A. Tmoyan ◽

Olga I. Afanasieva ◽

Marina I. Afanasieva ◽

Sergei N. Pokrovsky

Keyword(s):

Primary Endpoint ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Lipoprotein A ◽

Secondary Endpoints

Background: Despite high-intensity lipid-lowering therapy, there is a residual risk of cardiovascular events that could be associated with lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)). It has been shown that there is an association between elevated Lp(a) level and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease. Data about the role of Lp(a) in the development of cardiovascular events after peripheral revascularization are scarce. Purpose: To evaluate the relationship of Lp(a) level with cardiovascular outcomes after revascularization of carotid and lower limbs arteries. Methods: The study included 258 patients (209 men, mean age 67 years) with severe carotid and/or lower extremity artery disease, who underwent successful elective peripheral revascularization. The primary endpoint was the composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. The secondary endpoint was the composite of primary endpoint and repeated revascularization. Results: For 36-month follow-up, 29 (11%) primary and 128 (50%) secondary endpoints were registered. There was a greater risk of primary (21 (8%) vs. 8 (3%); hazard ratio (HR), 3.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5–6.3; p < 0.01) and secondary endpoints (83 (32%) vs. 45 (17%), HR, 2.8; 95% CI 2.0–4.0; p < 0.01) in patients with elevated Lp(a) level (≥30 mg/dL) compared to patients with Lp(a) < 30 mg/dL. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analysis revealed that Lp(a) was independently associated with the incidence of cardiovascular outcomes. Conclusions: Patients with peripheral artery diseases have a high risk of cardiovascular events. Lp(a) level above 30 mg/dL is significantly and independently associated with cardiovascular events during 3-year follow-up after revascularization of carotid and lower limbs arteries.

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