Data inputs and assumptions in calculating the non-fatal burden in burden of disease studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Haagsma ◽  
G Wyper ◽  
B Devleesschauwer
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Disability Weight ◽  
Health States ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Disability Weights ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Simple Step ◽  
Years Lived With Disability ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year

Abstract Years Lived with Disability (YLD) is a component of the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY), and measures the healthy time that is lost because of living with a disease or disability. YLDs are calculated by multiplying the prevalence and/or incidence of a disorder by the short- or long-term loss of health associated with that disability (the disability weight) and disease severity (severity distribution). The process of calculating a YLD involves several components and in this presentation each step will be highlighted through a sequential walk through for each step in the YLD calculation, including counting disease occurrencethe relationship between disability weights, health states and severity distributionsadjusting for comorbiditiesdealing with uncertainty The aim of this presentation is to provide a simple step by step guide on the key components in the YLD calculation. Using the real-life example of cerebrovascular disease, the presentation will outline the key choices and assumptions that underline each data input in the YLD calculation. Participants in this session will also be provided with links to resources to help facilitate this decision-making process. The workshop will end with an interactive session where the presenters will discuss the implications of the different methodological choices with the audience.

scholarly journals Data inputs and assumptions in calculating the fatal burden in burden of disease studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E von der Lippe ◽  
I Grant ◽  
B Devleesschauwer
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Simple Step ◽  
Standard Life

Abstract Years of Life Lost (YLL) is a measure of premature mortality used in the calculation of the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY), as well as stand-alone measure in itself. The concept of years of life lost is to estimate the length of time a person is expected to have lived had they not died prematurely. The YLL is based on comparing the age of death to an external standard life expectancy curve, and can incorporate time discounting and age weighting. Furthermore, YLL can be calculated for specific causes of death. In this way the indicator can be used to compare the relative importance of different causes of premature death within a particular population. Thus, it can be used by health planners to define priorities for the prevention interventions. The process of calculating a YLL involves several components and this presentation will provide a sequential walk through each step in the YLL calculation, including causes of death statisticsdefinition of ill-defined deathsmethods of redistribution of ill-defined deathsthe use of life tablessocial weighting The aim of this presentation is to outline a simple step by step guide on the key components in the YLL calculation. Using the real-life example of cerebrovascular disease, the presentation will outline the key choices and assumptions that underline each data inputs in the YLL calculation. Participants in this session will also be provided with links to resources to help facilitate this decision making process. The workshop will end with an interactive session where the presenters will discuss the implications of the different methodological choices with the audience.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Disability Weights for Alcohol Use Disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiraluck Nontarak ◽  
Sawitri Assanangkornchai ◽  
Sarah Callinan
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Disability Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Valuation Methods ◽  
Disability Weights

Objective: This study aims to determine and compare the disability weights of alcohol use disorders (AUD) based on responses from AUD patients and a non-patient population using three valuation methods. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from three hospitals in southern Thailand. Two groups of participants were recruited: 150 patients diagnosed with AUD and a control group containing 150 persons without AUD. Both groups were asked to rate the AUD health states using a visual analogue scale (VAS), and again using either the European Quality of Life-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) instrument or the time trade-off (TTO) technique. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Results: The mean disability weights, based on the VAS, TTO and EQ-5D valuation methods obtained from AUD patients were: 0.485, 0.405, and 0.311, respectively, while those obtained from the control group were: 0.541, 0.330, and 0.237, respectively. Disability weights had a positive correlation with AUD severity levels. Employment status and family income were significantly associated with VAS disability weight among the control group. Conclusion: The use of three different instruments to calculate disability weights for people with AUD is feasible in Thailand. The disability weights differ depending on the valuation methods used and respondent groups.

scholarly journals A evolução da carga de causas externas no Brasil: uma comparação entre os anos de 1998 e 2008

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 2169-2184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Villarinho Pereira Mendes ◽  
Mônica Rodrigues Campos ◽  
Vanessa dos Reis von-Doellinger ◽  
Jurema Corrêa da Mota ◽  
Thiago Góes Pimentel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Years Lived With Disability ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year

Resumo O objetivo foi comparar as estimativas das causas externas provenientes do estudo Carga Global de Doenças, entre os anos 1998 e 2008. A estimação do DALY (disability-adjusted life year) e do YLL (years of life lost) foi baseada em metodologia do estudo Carga Global de Doenças. Para o cálculo do YLD (years lived with disability), foram incluídas informações sobre atendimentos em emergências. Para comparabilidade, fez-se necessária a aplicação da mesma metodologia nos dois momentos analisados, tendo sido a mais recente eleita como padrão de referência. Em ambos os anos as causas externas foram responsáveis por cerca de 10% do total do DALY. Entretanto, sua distribuição interna apresentou marcada diferença entre as regiões do Brasil, com queda no Sudeste e aumento no Norte e Nordeste. Houve aumento das causas intencionais e o DALY se tornou mais letal (maior parcela de YLL). Espera-se que tais resultados balizem a formulação de políticas e/ou o aprimoramento das já existentes com vistas ao efetivo enfrentamento das causas externas.

scholarly journals Estimating Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in Community Cases of Norovirus in England

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
John P Harris ◽  
Miren Iturriza-Gomara ◽  
Sarah J O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) have been used since the 1990s. It is a composite measure of years of life lost with years lived with disability. Essentially, one DALY is the equivalent of a year of healthy life lost if a person had not experienced disease. Norovirus is the most common cause of gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. Norovirus activity varies from one season to the next for reasons not fully explained. Infection with norovirus is generally not severe, and is normally characterized as mild and self-limiting with no long-term sequelae. In this study, we model a range of estimates of DALYs for community cases of norovirus in England and Wales. We estimated a range of DALYs for norovirus to account for mixing of the severity of disease and the range of length of illness experienced by infected people. Our estimates were between 1159 and 4283 DALYs per year, or 0.3–1.2 years of healthy life lost per thousand cases of norovirus. These estimates provide evidence that norovirus leads to a considerable level of ill health in England and Wales. This information will be helpful should candidate norovirus vaccines become available in the future.

scholarly journals Global disability-adjusted life-year estimates of long-term health burden and undernutrition attributable to diarrhoeal diseases in children younger than 5 years

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e255-e269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Troeger ◽  
Danny V Colombara ◽  
Puja C Rao ◽  
Ibrahim A Khalil ◽  
Alexandria Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Burden ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Diarrhoeal Diseases ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year

The measurement of disability weights for 18 prevalent acute poisoning conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1033-1040
Author(s):  
R Asadi ◽  
R Afshari ◽  
B Dadpour
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Expert Elicitation ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Health State ◽  
Health States ◽  
Aluminium Phosphide ◽  
Disability Weights ◽  
External Consistency ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

Background: Disability weights (DWs) are used in disease burden studies, with the calculation of the weight of the disability as years lived with disability versus years of lost life accounting for mortalities. Currently, there is a single DW score available for poisoning, which is considered to be a single health state. This makes it difficult to evaluate the differing burdens of poisonings involving various substances/conditions in comparison with other health states in countries with different patterns of substance abuse. The aim of this study is therefore to estimate the DWs of 18 common poisonings based on the expert elicitation method. Methods: A panel of 10 medical clinicians who were familiar with the clinical aspects of different poisonings estimated the DWs of 50 health states by interpolating them on a calibrated Visual Analogue Scale. The DWs of some poisonings, such as alcohol, cannabis and heroin, had been estimated in previous studies and so were used to determine the external consistency of our panel. As a matter of routine, the DWs could vary on a scale between 0 (best health state) and 1 (worst health state). Results: Statistical analysis showed that both the internal (Cronbach’s α = 0.912) and external consistency of the panel were acceptable. The DWs for the different poisonings were estimated along a range from 0.830 for severe aluminium phosphide to 0.022 for mild benzodiazepine. Conclusions: Different poisonings should be weighted differently since they vary widely. Unfortunately, they are currently all weighted the same.

scholarly journals Estimating Disability Weight of Human Neurocysticercosis in Dali, Yunnan province, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinzhong Zang ◽  
Huanzhang Li ◽  
Menbao Qian ◽  
Yingdan Chen ◽  
Changhai Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Disability Weight ◽  
Disability Weights ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Abstract BackgroundHuman cysticercosis, caused by the liver parasite Taenia solium, remains an important neglected tropical disease in China. In Yunnan province, a large proportion of in-patients with cysticercosis suffer from neurocysticercosis. Neurocysticercosis, though preventable, is a cause of epilepsy globally. Disability weight is an important parameter when estimating neurocysticercosis disease burden and assessing disability-adjusted life years. However, there is a paucity of information on disability weight in patients with neurocysticercosis.MethodsParticipants were separated into 2 groups and were interviewed by EQ-5D+C questionnaire in Dali prefecture, Yunnan province. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0.ResultsCompared to those in the first-visit group, health barriers were less frequently reported in all six dimensions in the follow-up group, except for the cognitive dimension. Disability weights in both the first-visit and follow-up groups were 0.3.ConclusionsThe health-related quality of life of NCC patients was seriously impaired, and cognitive competence is the most prominent health barrier. Psychological medical care should be taken as one component in the treatment of NCC patients.

scholarly journals Estimating epidemiological and economic burden and community derived disability weights for snake bite in Kerala: a study protocol

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Jaideep C. Menon ◽  
Denny John ◽  
Geeta R. Menon ◽  
Joseph K. Joseph ◽  
P. Rakesh Suseela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Disability Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Disability Weights ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

Background: In India, lack of data and underreporting of cases and deaths due to snakebite makes it difficult to estimate its socio-economic burden. Previous studies measuring economic burden of snakebite in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) using different approaches have been conducted, but none  in India. The proposed study aims to provide evidence on disability weights, epidemiological and economic burden due to snakebites in Kerala state, India. Protocol: The study is a community based cross-sectional study recruiting victims of snakebite occurring over a 12 month period prior to start of the study , across  Ernakulam district, Kerala state, India. For the community-derived disability weights,70 adult patients who were treated within a 3 month period prior to commencement of the study at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi or Little Flower Hospital, Angamaly would be interviewed. The study will measure annual incidence, mortality, treatment cost of snakebites along with community-derived disability weights for snakebites in Ernakulam district.. Standard methods for analysis and reporting of mortality, morbidity, Years of Lives Lost (YLL), Years lived with disability (YLD), disability weights, and costs of treatment will be calculated. The study will be started in April 2021 and is expected to be completed by July2021.. Discussion: This protocol is the first published for estimating epidemiological, economic burden and community derived disability weights for snakebites in India. Besides, the Global Burden of Disease has not attached a particular disability weight to snakebite and this would be an attempt to do so. The protocol has been developed using guidelines for cross-sectional studies, cost of illness studies and international guidelines for conducting community derived disability weights. The evidence generated by this study will contribute significantly to knowledge regarding the epidemiology, economic burden and community-derived disability weights for snakebites in India and other countries where incidence of snakebite is high.

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