scholarly journals Cardiovascular diseases burden in Italy, 1990–2017: the Global Burden of Disease Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Fornari ◽  
P A Cortesi ◽  
F Madotto ◽  
S Conti ◽  
G Crotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
National Health ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Life Years

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still the leading cause of mortality, morbidity and disability in Europe. Consequently, an exhaustive estimation of CVDs burden and cardiovascular risk factors impact is crucial for healthcare planning and resource allocation. In Italy, data on CVDs burden are sparse. This study aims to assess the global Italian CVDs burden and to analyze time changes from 1990 to 2017 within the country and in comparison to other European states. Methods We used data from the 2017 Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) study to estimate CVDs prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in Italy from 1990 to 2017. We also analyzed burden attributable to CVDs-related risk factors. Finally, Italian estimations were compared to those of the other 28 European Union countries. Results CVDs were still the first cause of death (34.8% of total mortality) in Italy in 2017. A significant decrease in CVDs burden was observed since 1990: age-standardized prevalence (-12.7%), mortality rate (-53.75%), and DALYs rate (-55.54%) all decreased. Similar patterns were observed also in the majority of European countries. Despite these trends, all-ages CVDs prevalent cases increased from 5.75 million to 7.49 million. More than 80% of CVDs burden could be attributed to known modifiable risk factors such as high systolic blood pressure, dietary risks, high LDL cholesterol, and impaired kidney function. Conclusions Data showed a decline in cardiovascular mortality and DALYs, which reflects the success in terms of reducing disability, premature death and early incidence of CVDs. However, the burden of CVDs is still high, as population aging and the increased prevalent cases require more access to care and generate more years lived with disability, which in turn leads to higher costs for the National Health Service and society. More efficient prevention strategies at community and individual level are needed. Key messages Despite decreasing trends in CVDs mortality and DALYs, the burden of CVDs is still high in Italy. A joined approach of the National Health System stakeholders is needed to keep reducing the CVDs burden.

scholarly journals Years of life lost by CNCD attributed to occupational hazards in Brazil: GBD 2016 study

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Ada Ávila Assunção ◽  
Elisabeth Barboza França
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Occupational Hazards ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Occupational Hazard ◽  
Life Years

OBJECTIVE: To assess the years of life lost due to premature death and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) as a result of chronic noncommunicable diseases attributable to occupational hazard factors, and to compare their position according to the risk ranking for chronic noncommunicable diseases in 1990 and 2016. METHODS: Data for the DALY indicator, estimated from the Global Burden of Disease 2016 (GBD 2016) study, were analyzed for noncommunicable chronic diseases attributable to occupational, and other risk factors, selected in Brazil. A descriptive analysis was performed comparing the proportion of DALY by sex and age group (15 to 49 and 50 to 69 years old), as well as the ranking of occupational hazard factors in 1990 and 2016. RESULTS: In 2016, ergonomic risk factors, carcinogenic agents, and noise in the workplace were among the 25 largest contributors to DALY for chronic noncommunicable diseases affecting the age group between 15 and 49 years. The contribution of all occupational hazard factors increased in 2016, except for occupational aerodispersoids affecting men. Concerning the age group between 50 and 69, occupational carcinogens stand out, with an increase of 26.0% for men, and 17.1% for women in 2016. Risk factors evaluated according to their 1990 and 2016 ranking show that occupational hazards have all scored higher on the second evaluation (2016), especially when compared with other risks. CONCLUSIONS: The global burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases attributed to occupational hazard factors has become increasingly important. We suggest the strengthening of the approach of occupational hazard factors in the agendas for tackling these diseases in Brazil.

The Global Burden and Attributable Risk Factors of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in 204 Countries and Territories from 1990 to 2019: Analysis Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyi Yao ◽  
Xiangjie Lin ◽  
Fenglin Li ◽  
Jie Jin ◽  
Huafeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent subtype of leukemia in Western countries. Evaluation of the epidemiological characteristics of CLL is warranted, especially in the current context of global population aging. CLL data including incidence, mortality, and disability adjusted life-years (DALYs) were extracted and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Social-demographic index (SDI) was collected to investigate the impaction of social development degree on epidemiological trends and risk analysis. The global incidence of CLL has increased dramatically from 40,537 in 1990 to 103,467 in 2019. A high incidence has been achieved in males and elder people. Countries and territories with high SDI tended to have higher global burden than low-SDI region. Of the risk factors, high body mass index and smoking were the major contributors for CLL-related mortality and DALYs. In summary, the global CLL burden continues to rise over the past 30 years. Although most of the CLL incidence and death occurred in high-SDI regions, the CLL burden tends to grow rapidest in middle-SDI regions compared with high-/low-SDI regions. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention on taking further measures to alleviate the growing burden of CLL.

P1947Trends in prevalence, mortality and morbidity associated with high systolic blood pressure in Brazil from 1990 to 2017: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A L P Ribeiro ◽  
L C C Brant ◽  
S Yadgir ◽  
G M M Oliveira ◽  
S D Glenn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Life Years

Abstract Background Hypertension remains the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease worldwide. In Brazil, a third of adults have hypertension. The prevalence and impact of this risk factor on disease burden in Brazil and its federal units should be assessed in order to better address the issue. Objective To describe trends in prevalence and burden of diseases attributable to high systolic blood pressure (HSBP) among Brazilians ≥25 years old according to sex and federal units using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment developed for the GBD study to estimate trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALY), by sex, and federal units for HSBP from 1990 to 2017. This study included 14 HSBP-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for evidence of causation. HSBP was defined as ≥140mmHg for prevalence estimates and, to evaluate the burden of HSBP, a theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) of 110–115 mmHg was considered. We estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to HSBP. We also explored the drivers of trends in attributable burden of HSBP, as well as the relation of HSBP burden and sociodemographic development. Results In Brazil, the prevalence of HSBP is 18.9 (95% uncertainty intervals [UI] 18.5 to 19.3%) and the age-standardized death rate attributable to HSBP decreased from 189.2 (95%UI 168.5 to 209.2) deaths to 104.8 (95%UI 94.9 to 114.4) deaths per 100,000 from 1990 to 2017. In spite of that, the total number of deaths attributable to HSBP increased 53.4% and HSBP raised from 3rd to 1st position, as the leading risk factor for deaths during the period. Regarding total DALYs, HSBP raised from 4th in 1990 to 2nd cause in 2017 - in the last, only behind smoking. The main driver in the change of HSBP burden in Brazil is population aging. Across federal units, the reduction in the age-standardized death rates attributable to HSBP are heterogeneous and the greater reduction correlated to higher sociodemographic development. Conclusions The age-standardized death and DALY rates attributable to HSBP are decreasing in Brazil, probably as results of successful public health policies for primary prevention and control of HSBP. However, the reduction was more significant in federal units with higher sociodemographic development, suggesting that the effect of health policies was heterogeneous. Moreover, HSBP has become the main risk factor for death in the country, mainly due to population aging. As such, the Brazilian health system should increase investments in policies to address the situation and prepare itself to cope with higher burden of HSBP in the near future. Acknowledgement/Funding The GBD 2017 Brazil study is primarily funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Trends in Nepal - An Analysis of Global Burden of Disease Data 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanju Bhattarai ◽  
Anu Aryal ◽  
Manita Pyakurel ◽  
Swornim Bajracharya ◽  
Phanindra Baral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Life Years

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and disease burden globally, disproportionately affecting low and middle-income countries. The continued scarcity of literature on CVDs burden in Nepal has thwarted efforts to develop population-specific prevention and management strategies. This article reports the burden of CVDs in Nepal including, prevalence, incidence, and disability basis as well as trends over the past two decades by age and gender. The findings from this study provide a base for public health priorities and for creating evidence-informed policies.Methods We used the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)’s Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) database on cardiovascular disease mortality rates, prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) from Nepal to describe the most recent data available (2017) and trends by age, gender and year from 1990 to 2017. Tables, graphs and histograms are used to compare patterns and trends across all metrics. Data are presented as percentages or as rates per 100,000 population.Results In 2017, CVDs contributed to 26·9% of total deaths and 12·8% of total DALYs in Nepal. Ischemic heart disease and stroke were the predominant CVDs, contributing 16·4% and 7·5% to total deaths and 7·5% and 3·5% to total DALYs, respectively. Cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality rates have increased from 1990 to 2017, with the burden greater among males and among older age groups. The leading risk factors for CVDs were determined to be high systolic blood pressure, high low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, smoking, air pollution, a diet low in whole grains, and a diet low in fruit.Conclusion CVDs are a major public health problem in Nepal contributing to the high DALYs with unacceptable numbers of premature deaths. There is an urgent need to address the increasing burden of CVDs and their associated risk factors, particularly high blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and unhealthy diet.

scholarly journals Years of life lost by CNCD attributed to occupational hazards in Brazil: GBD 2016 study

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Ada Ávila Assunção ◽  
Elisabeth Barboza França
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Occupational Hazards ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Occupational Hazard ◽  
Life Years

OBJECTIVE: To assess the years of life lost due to premature death and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) as a result of chronic noncommunicable diseases attributable to occupational hazard factors, and to compare their position according to the risk ranking for chronic noncommunicable diseases in 1990 and 2016. METHODS: Data for the DALY indicator, estimated from the Global Burden of Disease 2016 (GBD 2016) study, were analyzed for noncommunicable chronic diseases attributable to occupational, and other risk factors, selected in Brazil. A descriptive analysis was performed comparing the proportion of DALY by sex and age group (15 to 49 and 50 to 69 years old), as well as the ranking of occupational hazard factors in 1990 and 2016. RESULTS: In 2016, ergonomic risk factors, carcinogenic agents, and noise in the workplace were among the 25 largest contributors to DALY for chronic noncommunicable diseases affecting the age group between 15 and 49 years. The contribution of all occupational hazard factors increased in 2016, except for occupational aerodispersoids affecting men. Concerning the age group between 50 and 69, occupational carcinogens stand out, with an increase of 26.0% for men, and 17.1% for women in 2016. Risk factors evaluated according to their 1990 and 2016 ranking show that occupational hazards have all scored higher on the second evaluation (2016), especially when compared with other risks. CONCLUSIONS: The global burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases attributed to occupational hazard factors has become increasingly important. We suggest the strengthening of the approach of occupational hazard factors in the agendas for tackling these diseases in Brazil.

scholarly journals Burden of cardiovascular diseases attributable to risk factors in Brazil: data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L C Brant ◽  
B R Nascimento ◽  
G A Veloso ◽  
C S Gomes ◽  
C Polanczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the main cause of death in Brazil, a middle-income country. As such, it is essential to understand the trends of risk factors (RFs) for CVDs in order to implement effective and tailored public policies. Purpose The present study sought to analyze the trend of RF for CVD and the disease burden attributable to these from 1990 to 2019, in Brazil and its states, based on estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (2019 GBD). Methods To estimate RF exposure, the Summary Exposure Value (SEV) (risk-weighted prevalence) was used, whereas for disease burden attributed to RFs, mortality and Disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) by CVD were used. For comparisons over time and between states, the age-standardized rates were considered. The sociodemographic index (SDI) was used as a marker of socioeconomic conditions. Results In 2019, 82% of CVD mortality in Brazil was attributable to RFs. For SEV, there was a reduction in smoking and environmental RFs, as well as an increase in metabolic RFs. High systolic blood pressure and dietary risks continue to be the main RFs for CVD mortality and DALY (Figure 1). While there was a decline in age-standardized mortality rates attributable to the evaluated RFs, there was also a stability or increase in crude mortality rates, with the exception of smoking. It is important to highlight the increase in the risk of death attributable to a high body mass index (BMI) (35 to 46/100,000 in habitants in 1990 and 2019). Regarding the analysis per state, SEVs and mortality attributable to RF were higher in those states with lower SDIs. Conclusion Despite the reduction in CVD mortality and DALY rates attributable to RF, the stability or increase in crude rates attributable to metabolic RFs is worrisome, requiring investments and a renewal of health policies. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health Figure 1

Examination of incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years and risk factors of breast cancer in 49 Asian countries, 1990–2019: estimates from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Standardized Mortality Rate

Abstract Background This study presents an up-to-date, comprehensive and comparative examination of breast cancer’s temporal patterns in females in Asia in last three decades. Methods The estimates of incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted-life-years and risk factors of breast cancer in females in 49 Asian countries were retrieved from Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. Results In Asia, female breast cancer incidence grew from 245 045[226 259–265 260] in 1990 to 914 878[815 789–1025 502] in 2019 with age-standardized incidence rate rising from 21.2/100 000[19.6–22.9] to 35.9/100 000[32.0–40.2] between 1990 and 2019. The death counts more than doubled from 136 665[126 094–148 380] to 337 822[301 454–375 251]. The age-standardized mortality rate rose marginally between 1990 and 2019 (1990: 12.1[11.0–13.1]; 2019: 13.4[12.0–14.9]). In 2019, age-standardized incidence rate varied from 17.2/100 000[13.95–21.4] in Mongolia to 122.5[92.1–160.7] in Lebanon and the age-standardized mortality rate varied 4-fold from 8.0/100 000 [7.2–8.8] in South Korea to 51.9[39.0–69.8] in Pakistan. High body mass index (5.6%), high fasting plasma glucose (5.6%) and secondhand smoke (3.5%) were the main contributory risk factors to all-age disability-adjusted-life-years due to breast cancer in Asia. Conclusion With growing incidence, escalating dietary and behavioural risk factors and lower survival rates due to late-disease presentation in low- and medium-income countries of Asia, breast cancer has become a significant public health threat. Its rising burden calls for increasing breast cancer awareness, preventive measures, early-stage detection and cost-effective therapeutics in Asia.

The ESC Textbook of Intensive and Acute Cardiovascular Care

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Cardiac Care ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Cardiovascular Care ◽  
Acute Cardiac Care

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of premature death worldwide and a cause of loss of disability-adjusted life years. For most types of CVD early diagnosis and intervention are independent drivers of patient outcome. Clinicians must be properly trained and centres appropriately equipped in order to deal with these critically ill cardiac patients. This new updated edition of the textbook continues to comprehensively approach all the different issues relating to intensive and acute cardiovascular care and addresses all those involved in intensive and acute cardiac care, not only cardiologists but also critical care specialists, emergency physicians and healthcare professionals. The chapters cover the various acute cardiovascular diseases that need high quality intensive treatment as well as organisational issues, cooperation among professionals, and interaction with other specialities in medicine.

scholarly journals Thrombin generation in cardiovascular disease and mortality - results from the Gutenberg Health Study

Haematologica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. 2327-2334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline C.S. van Paridon ◽  
Marina Panova-Noeva ◽  
Rene van Oerle ◽  
Andreas Schultz ◽  
Iris M. Hermanns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Endogenous Thrombin Potential

Thrombin generation may be a potential tool to improve risk stratification for cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to explore the relation between thrombin generation and cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular diseases, and total mortality. For this study, N=5000 subjects from the population-based Gutenberg Health Study were analysed in a highly standardized setting. Thrombin generation was assessed by the Calibrated Automated Thrombogram method at 1 and 5 pM tissue factors trigger in platelet poor plasma. Lag time, endogenous thrombin potential, and peak height were derived from the thrombin generation curve. Sex-specific multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for age, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular diseases and therapy, was used to assess clinical determinants of thrombin generation. Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors and vitamin K antagonists investigated the association between thrombin generation parameters and total mortality. Lag time was positively associated with obesity and dyslipidaemia for both sexes (p<0.0001). Obesity was also positively associated with endogenous thrombin potential in both sexes (p<0.0001) and peak height in males (1 pM tissue factor, p=0.0048) and females (p<0.0001). Cox regression models showed an increased mortality in individuals with lag time (1 pM tissue factor, hazard ratio=1.46, [95% CI: 1.07; 2.00], p=0.018) and endogenous thrombin potential (5 pM tissue factor, hazard ratio = 1.50, [1.06; 2.13], p=0.023) above the 95th percentile of the reference group, independent of the cardiovascular risk profile. This large-scale study demonstrates traditional cardiovascular risk factors, particularly obesity, as relevant determinants of thrombin generation. Lag time and endogenous thrombin potential were found as potentially relevant predictors of increased total mortality, which deserves further investigation.

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