scholarly journals Alcohol and drug abuse as a manifestation of social stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
VA Semyonova ◽  
TP Sabgayda ◽  
AV Zubko ◽  
AE Ivanova ◽  
GN Evdokushkina
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Undetermined Intent ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Abuse ◽  
Health Deterioration ◽  
Excess Deaths

Abstract   During the pandemic, deaths associated with mental health deterioration due to social stress have contributed to excess mortality. The purpose of the study is to evaluate changes in mortality from causes associated with social stress during the pandemic in Moscow. The analysis is based on the Rosstat statistics and RFS-EMIAS database (Medical death certificates issued by the Moscow health institutions) in 2019-2020. Deaths from mental disorders and suicides during the maximum and minimum excess mortality in Moscow in 2020 were compared to 2019 (May and December, when mortality exceeded the 2019 indicators by 57.2% and 56.7%, and July with the 7.1%) excess. First, the excess mortality from mental disorders in these months was almost entirely due to disorders related to alcohol and drug abuse. Second, alcohol and drug abuse also results in deaths from poisoning. This necessitates a joint evaluation of deaths associated with alcohol and drugs (from mental disorders and poisoning). The evaluation shows that excess deaths from alcohol abuse in men in May 2020 compared to May 2019 equaled to 65%, falling down to 52.3% in July, followed by its maximum (2.5-fold) in December. Females show a steady increase: 52.9%, 76.5% and 2.1-fold, respectively. Distribution by sex of the total deaths associated with drug addiction (mental disorders and poisoning) was reversed: a steady increase in males (55.4% in May, 67% in July and 2.1-fold in December) and a significant decrease in females: 63.6%, 31.6% and 2.7-fold, respectively. Third, the pandemic has paradoxically affected deaths from suicide (including hangings, falls and undetermined intent poisoning). In men, excess deaths equaled to zero in May, 1.2% in July and decreased by 20.6% in December. The female excess suicidal mortality increased: 13.5%, 30.6% and 36.7%, respectively. Thus, the male reaction to social stress caused by the pandemic was passive (alcohol and drug abuse), while the female reaction was aggravated by suicides. Key messages During the pandemic, deaths associated with mental health deterioration due to social stress contributed to excess mortality. Alcohol and drug abuse results in deaths not only due to mental disorders.

Drug-abusing offenders with co-morbid mental disorders:gender differences in problem severity, treatment participation, and recidivism

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 33-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Du ◽  
M. Zhao ◽  
Y.-I. Hser
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Treatment Participation ◽  
Problem Severity

IntroductionIndividuals with co-occurring disorders have higher levels of psychological distress and poorer psychosocial functioning, as compared with individuals with substance dependence only. Studies identified substance abuse as a risk factor, which increases the likelihood that an individual with mental disorders may become violent.ObjectivesTo examine the gender differences in drug-related problems and predictors of recidivism among a sample of 1,444 offenders with co-morbid drug abuse and mental disorders participating in California's Proposition 36.MethodsCharacteristics and problem severity in multiple key life areas were assessed at intake using Addiction Severity Index, and drug treatment participation, mental health diagnoses and arrests were based on official records.ResultsWomen demonstrated greater problem severity than men in family relationships, health, psychological health, and sexual and physical abuse history. Men on the other hand had greater criminal history, high rates of attention disorder, and psychotic disorder. Logistic regression analyses showing that for the combined sample, male, young age, cocaine use (relative to methamphetamine), drug abuse severity, methadone treatment, arrest history and fewer prior treatment history were associated with higher recidivism at 12-month follow-up; lower education, cocaine use, and arrest history were related to women's recidivism, while young age, outpatient treatment, and arrest history were predictors of men's recidivism.ConclusionsAlthough the specific type of mental disorder did not seem to be predictive of recidivism, the high rates of mental health disorder and arrest of this population is problematic. Intervention strategies taking into consideration gender-specific problems and needs can improve outcomes for both.

scholarly journals Clinical and Social Characteristics of Patients with Schizophrenia and Organic Mental Conditions Who Committed a Repeated Socially Dangerous Act

Doctor Ru ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
S.N. Popov ◽  
◽  
I.N. Vinnikova ◽  
A.S. Berezkin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Organic Mental Disorders ◽  
Group A ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Abuse ◽  
Group B

Study Objective: To compare clinical and social characteristics of patients with schizophrenia and organic mental conditions who committed a repeated socially dangerous acts (SDAs), not only in order to compare, but also to identify specific SDA risk factors. Study Design: comparative study. Materials and Methods. The study included 86 schizophrenia patients (study group) and 45 patients with organic mental conditions who committed SDAs, were found insane and were forced to undergo various court-appointed therapies for 2 and more times. In this study, we used the clinical psychopathologic method with due account to psychopathology and clinical statistic method as the main methods. Study Results. Hereditary load study demonstrated that in the study group (А) 35 (40.7%) out of 86 patients had hereditary exogenous conditions (pi < 0.05), while in controls (B) 9 (20%) out of 45 patients had such conditions (pi < 0.01). The number of patients without hereditary load was comparable in both groups: 45 (52.3%) vs. 24 (53.3%), respectively. In schizophrenia patients, only 6 (7%) patients had confirmed hereditary endogenous conditions, while in comparison group (B) this value was 9 (20%). Combined hereditary load was recorded only in controls: 3 (6.6%) patients. Almost all patients in comparison group (B) did not have a place work (44 (97.8%); pi < 0.01), while in the study group (A) the unemployed made 44 (51.1%). During the study, 45 (52.3%) patients in group (A) had associated bad habits (alcohol and drug abuse); 14 (16.3%) patients had both alcohol and drug abuse. 23 comparison group (B) patients had various bad habits; combined abuses were recorded in 8 (17.8%) cases. Alcohol and drug abuse were not diagnosed in 20 (23.2%) patients in study group and in 4 (8.9%) patients in controls. Conclusion. Data analysis demonstrates the clinical-social factors are noted in study groups and affect criminal behaviour and a probability of repeated SDAs in the future (with identification of factors specific for each nosological factor group). We have also identified differences in risk factors of a repeated SDA between patients with organic mental disorders and schizophrenia. Keywords: schizophrenia, organic mental disorders, repeated socially dangerous acts.

Crime and Legal Issues among Intellectually Disabled Individuals

2016 ◽  
pp. 346-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaitsa Giannouli
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Common Problems

Intellectual Disability (ID) can be caused by a variety of factors, which may lead to a variety of signs and symptoms. Individuals with ID are living in societies where during the past decade there is a steady increase in the amount of research focused on civil law, criminal law and mental health. In this chapter, there will be a theoretical presentation of the research on ID regarding criminal law and the different forms of aggressive behavior such as sexual violence, homicide, theft, arson and alcohol-drug abuse. There will be information on research regarding civil law and the most common problems for individuals with ID, such as financial capacity and capacity for medical consent. Finally, there will be a section for the most important issues regarding the trial and conviction for individuals with ID and a presentation of a recent research on attitudes toward ID and legal issues. The above will be examined through the prism of current neuropsychological data, while cross-cultural restrictions will be discussed.

Counting Youth in Trouble in Institutions: Bringing the United States Up to Date

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lerman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Current Usage ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Abuse

Youth who violate local and state laws are dealt with in institutions associated with mental health, child welfare, and alcohol and drug abuse systems, as well as the juvenile correctional system. Understanding trends in the use of institutions requires information from four control/treatment systems that have developed unique strategies for counting youth. America's systems for counting youth are 3 to 5 years behind current usage and yield deficient resident and admissions data. A modest investment of political leadership and fiscal resources could yield more timely reporting, fuller coverage of facilities, improved demographic enumerations, and could provide unduplicated counts of intersystem trends.

Mental health and suicidal risk in lesbian, gay and bisexual population

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S596-S597
Author(s):  
P. Azevedo ◽  
J. Vitória ◽  
A. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Internalized Homophobia ◽  
Suicidal Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Bisexual

IntroductionNowadays, the lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) community still suffers from prejudice and social stigma, including from medical professionals.Thus, it is urgent to draw attention to this population since these individuals have an increased risk of mental disorders, substance abuse and dependence, suicidal ideation and suicide attempt or complete suicide.AimsTo underline the prevalence of mental disorders and increased suicide risk in the LGB population.ObjectivesTo summarize the latest literature about this field.MethodsA brief review of the latest literature was performed on PubMed using the keywords “mental health”, “suicidal risk”, “LGB population”.ResultsLGB individuals appear to be at increased risk of mental disorders and suicidal behavior than heterosexuals. According to Meyer, they are exposed to what is called the minority stress: proximal, depending on the subject and related to fear of rejection and internalized homophobia and distal, regardless of the individual including prejudice, social stress, social exclusion (including their own families) and violence.The odds of attempting suicide are approximately 2 to 7 times higher for lesbians, gay men and bisexuals (LGBs) than for heterosexuals.ConclusionsMinority stress related to prejudice and stigma against LGB people has a significant risk that can be related to suicide ideation and attempt.The higher rate of many psychiatric conditions noted in this community underscores the need for clinicians to provide nonjudgmental care and approachable environment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Mobile Applications for Mental Health Self-care: A Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arfan Ahmed ◽  
Nashva Ali ◽  
Anna Giannicchi ◽  
Alaa A Abd-Alrazaq ◽  
Mohamed Ali Siddig Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Web Based

BACKGROUND Background: Over the past decade, there has been a steady increase of the number of mobile and web-based applications that enable patients with mental disorders to self-regulate their mental health needs, to feel autonomous, and to take responsibility for their own care. To the best of our knowledge, no current reviews explore the features of self-care applications used for mental disorders. OBJECTIVE Objective: The purpose of this review is to explore the characteristics of novel mobile applications utilized for mental health self-care. METHODS Methods: A scoping review of literature was conducted. The search sources consisted of searching 6 electronic databases (e.g., Medline, PsychINFO) and conducting backward and forward reference list checking. Rayyan software was used for this study selection process. One reviewer checked the eligibility of the retrieved studies and extracted data from the included studies. A narrative approach was used to synthesize the extracted data. RESULTS Results: 2,744 citations were identified by searching the electronic databases. Of those, 15 studies were included in this review. Twelve studies used mobile applications while the remaining three studies used web-based applications. Applications in most of the included studies targeted depression (9/15, 60%). Only two types of study designs were identified from the included studies: Randomized control trials (10/15, 67%) and Usability and feasibility studies (5/15, 33%). Six studies had a sample size of less than 50 while six studies had a sample size of more than 200. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion: While many mobile apps have been developed to promote self-care, there is a gap in the current literature discussing the validity of such mental health resources. We were only able to identify 15 such studies from our initial search returning 2744 studies. As such, this review will ideally encourage developers to produce future, empirically reviewed apps that rise to the challenge of both being user-friendly as well as scientifically valid.

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