scholarly journals The impact of precarious employment on the health and wellbeing of immigrants: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Muoka ◽  
M Lhussier
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Migration Experience ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Migration and precarious employment are social determinants associated with adverse health outcomes. In the United Kingdom, migration policy and labour market characteristics mean that migrants are often engaged in precarious work. We synthesise evidence on the experiences of migrants and explore the effects of precarious employment on their health and wellbeing. Methods Electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed qualitative studies describing the experiences of United Kingdom migrants in precarious employment. Title and abstracts were screened, followed by full text screening using pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data on employment experiences and effects of working conditions on physical and mental health and perceived wellbeing were extracted. The Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (2009) framework was used to conduct a narrative synthesis. Results Out of 1577 unique citations, 5 met our inclusion criteria. All included studies reported negative outcomes on physical and mental health. 2 reported positive or negative outcomes for perceived wellbeing depending on pre-migration experience. Musculoskeletal pain, exhaustion, anxiety and depression were commonly reported effects of precarious employment. Communication difficulties and over qualification were identified as migrant specific factors influencing health outcomes. Conclusions Stress response theories and risk factors associated with occupational injury explain how employment specific factors influence health. Extrinsic factors such as immigration policies, pre-migration experience, responsibilities in home country and acculturation mediate precarious employment effect on health. Key messages Migrants feel isolated in precarious employment and are vulnerable to negative mental and physical health impacts. Broader migration related policies impact on experiences of employment and health.

scholarly journals The impact of precarious employment on the health and wellbeing of UK immigrants: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-360
Author(s):  
Michael Obinna Muoka ◽  
Monique Lhussier
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Injury ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Migration Experience ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes

This article synthesises evidence on the experiences of immigrants in the United Kingdom who are engaged in precarious employment and explores the effects of precarious employment on their health and wellbeing. This study reveals that migrants in precarious employment often experience negative health outcomes including injury, anxiety and depression. Stress response theories and risk factors associated with occupational injury help explain how employment specific factors influence health. The study shows that immigrant-related factors like pre-migration experience and concerns around social exclusion mediate precarious employment’s effect on health.

Longitudinal Effects of Gendered Harassment Perpetration and Victimization on Mental Health Outcomes in Adolescence

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 5997-6016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Rinehart ◽  
Dorothy L. Espelage ◽  
Kristen L. Bub
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Homophobic Name Calling ◽  
Gendered Harassment

Gendered harassment, including sexual harassment and homophobic name-calling, is prevalent in adolescents and is linked to negative outcomes including depression, anxiety, suicidality, substance abuse, and personal distress. However, much of the extant literature is cross-sectional and rarely are perpetrators of these behaviors included in studies of outcomes. Therefore, the current study examined the effects of longitudinal changes in gendered harassment perpetration and victimization on changes in mental health outcomes among a large sample of early adolescents. Given that these behaviors commonly occur in the context of a patriarchal society (males hold power), we also investigated the impact of gender on gendered harassment. Participants included 3,549 students from four Midwestern middle schools (50.4% female, 49% African American, 34% White) at two time points (13 and 17 years old). Results indicated that increases from age 13 to 17 years in sexual harassment perpetration and victimization and homophobic name-calling perpetration and victimization predicted increases in depression symptoms and substance use. Gender did not moderate these pathways. These findings highlight that negative outcomes are associated with changes in gendered harassment among adolescents and emphasize the importance of prevention efforts. Implications for school interventions are discussed.

scholarly journals Assessment of How House Ownership Shapes Health Outcomes in Urban Ghana

Societies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delali A. Dovie
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Multi Stage

Background: This study investigates home ownership and its apparent health outcomes in Urban Ghana, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative datasets. Methods: The sample for the study consisted of 442 respondents using a multi-stage sampling technique. Results: The context in which houses are situated affects social support networks, physical and mental health outcomes. House ownership is then a precondition that enables social contact within neighborhoods. A Cramer’s V test value of 0.750 suggests a strong association between house ownership and health outcomes. Conclusion: House acquisition and ownership can potentially improve overall physical, and mental health and wellbeing.

scholarly journals The Impact of Community Size, Community Climate, and Victimization on the Physical and Mental Health of SGM Youth

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-448
Author(s):  
Megan S. Paceley ◽  
Jessica N. Fish ◽  
Margaret M. C. Thomas ◽  
Jacob Goffnett
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Community Context ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Community Size ◽  
Health Community ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Climate

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth experience high rates of victimization leading to health disparities. Community size and community climate are associated with health outcomes among SGM youth; however, we lack studies that include them as covariates alongside victimization to understand their collective impact on health. This study utilized minority stress theory to understand how community context shapes experiences of victimization and health among SGM youth. SGM youth in one Midwestern U.S. state completed an online survey ( n = 201) with measures of physical health, mental health, community context, and victimization. Data were analyzed via multiple regression using a path analysis framework. Results indicate that perceived climate was associated with mental, but not physical, health; Community size was unrelated to health outcomes. Victimization mediated the association between community climate and mental health. Findings are discussed in light of current literature and implications for research and practice are shared.

scholarly journals Poverty, inequality and a political economy of mental health

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Impact

The relationship between poverty and mental health is indisputable. However, to have an influence on the next set of sustainable global development goals, we need to understand the causal relationships between social determinants such as poverty, inequality, lack of education and unemployment; thereby clarifying which aspects of poverty are the key drivers of mental illness. Some of the major challenges identified by Lund (2014) in understanding the poverty–mental health relationship are discussed including: the need for appropriate poverty indicators; extending this research agenda to a broader range of mental health outcomes; the need to engage with theoretical concepts such as Amartya Sen's capability framework; and the need to integrate the concept of income/economic inequality into studies of poverty and mental health. Although income inequality is a powerful driver of poor physical and mental health outcomes, it features rarely in research and discourse on social determinants of mental health. This paper interrogates in detail the relationships between poverty, income inequality and mental health, specifically: the role of income inequality as a mediator of the poverty–mental health relationship; the relative utility of commonly used income inequality metrics; and the likely mechanisms underlying the impact of inequality on mental health, including direct stress due to the setting up of social comparisons as well as the erosion of social capital leading to social fragmentation. Finally, we need to interrogate the upstream political, social and economic causes of inequality itself, since these should also become potential targets in efforts to promote sustainable development goals and improve population (mental) health. In particular, neoliberal (market-oriented) political doctrines lead to both increased income inequality and reduced social cohesion. In conclusion, understanding the relationships between politics, poverty, inequality and mental health outcomes requires us to develop a robust, evidence-based ‘political economy of mental health.’

scholarly journals Smartphone Addiction and Associated Health Outcomes in Adult Populations: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12257
Author(s):  
Zubair Ahmed Ratan ◽  
Anne-Maree Parrish ◽  
Sojib Bin Zaman ◽  
Mohammad Saud Alotaibi ◽  
Hassan Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Background: Smartphones play a critical role in increasing human–machine interactions, with many advantages. However, the growing popularity of smartphone use has led to smartphone overuse and addiction. This review aims to systematically investigate the impact of smartphone addiction on health outcomes. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to carry out the systematic review. Five electronic databases including Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus were searched to identify eligible studies. Eligible studies were screened against predetermined inclusion criteria and data were extracted according to the review questions. This review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020181404). The quality of the articles was assessed using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: A total of 27 of 2550 articles met the inclusion criteria. All of the studies were cross-sectional and focused on physical, mental, and neurological health outcomes. The majority of the studies focused on mental health outcomes and consistent associations were observed between smartphone addiction and several mental health outcomes. Anxiety and depression were commonly found to mediate mental health problems. A wide range of physical health sequelae was also associated with smartphone addiction. Furthermore, there was an association between smartphone addiction and neurological disorders. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that there are consistent associations between smartphone addiction and physical and mental health, especially mental health. Social awareness campaigns about smartphone addiction and its impact on physical and mental health are needed. Further studies, especially randomized controlled trials, are warranted to validate the impacts of smartphone addiction.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and loneliness: A rapid systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110314
Author(s):  
Nagesh Pai ◽  
Shae-Leigh Vella
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
The Impact

Background: Loneliness is known to be associated with both poorer physical and mental health, being associated with increased mortality. Responses throughout the world to the current COVID-19 pandemic all incorporate varying degrees of social distancing and isolation. There is an imperative to provide a timely review and synthesis of the impact of COVID-19 on loneliness in the general population. Methods: PubMed was searched using the key terms ‘COVID-19’, ‘coronavirus’, ‘SARS-COV2’ and ‘loneliness’. Fifty-four articles were identified and screened against the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria stipulated that the study needed to incorporate a measure of loneliness with participants being drawn from the general adult population. Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: The key data extracted from the 24 reviewed studies are presented and summarised with a focus on key demographics of participants, the research designs utilised, the measures of loneliness employed and the other variables assessed in the studies. Overall, the findings indicate that loneliness has been a significant issue during the current COVID-19 pandemic and loneliness is positively associated with mental health symptoms. However, there were inconsistencies in the results evident across studies. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of research investigating loneliness during the current COVID-19 pandemic in the general adult population. Despite the inconsistencies evident in some of the results across the studies, it is clearly apparent that loneliness is having an impact on the mental health and wellbeing of the general adult population. Furthermore, it is apparent that the current COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on loneliness in the general adult population and that loneliness is significantly positively associated with mental illness symptomatology. Thus, there is an imperative to address loneliness through public policy and interventions. The limitations of this review are noted and directions given for future research.

The impact of retirement on physical, mental health and wellbeing

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Odone ◽  
B Frascella ◽  
G Vigezzi ◽  
G Gaetti ◽  
V Gianfredi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Population ageing presents both challenges and opportunities for societies around the world. Increasing statutory retirement age and limiting exits to early retirement are frequent policy responses to population ageing, but this is unlikely to have the desired impact if the complex relationships that link work, retirement and health remains unknown. In this context, we designed and are currently conducting the multi-partner project on pension reforms and spatial-temporal patterns in healthy ageing, funded by Fondazione Cariplo. The project involves a multi-disciplinary research team from University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Bocconi University and the Unit of Epidemiology of the Regional Health Service of ASL TO3. In this first presentation we will first describe the project design, its general aim and specific objectives, then we will present a proposed conceptual framework on the association between retirement and health and its determinants. The framework is the first deliverable of the project and is the results of a comprehensive review of the available evidence and consultation with experts in the field. In particular we conducted a scoping review to retrieve, pool and critically appraise the relevant evidence on the impact of retirement and transition to retirement on physical and mental health and their determinants. We summarized the evidence collected in a conceptual framework that attempt to quantify how health and retirement are bi-directionally linked, how health is central to the timing of retirement, how labor-associated determinants condition employment cessation, how and retirement have varying effects on risk factors for physical and mental health and the role of confounding factors and mediators. Towards the end of the presentation we will outline an extensive stakeholder mapping carried out for the purposes of the project at the national and European level

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Health Impacts of Frequent Work Discrimination and Harassment among Women Firefighters in the US Fire Service

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara A. Jahnke ◽  
Christopher K. Haddock ◽  
Nattinee Jitnarin ◽  
Christopher M. Kaipust ◽  
Brittany S. Hollerbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Women Firefighters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Intro. Both discrimination and harassment directly impact mental and physical health. Further, workplace discrimination degrades workplace culture and negatively impacts health behaviors, job-related outcomes, and family dynamics. Women represent a small proportion of the fire service and are often the targets of discrimination/harassment, yet little research documents the impact of such experiences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between chronic work discrimination and/or harassment and women firefighters’ (FFs) physical and mental health, substance abuse, and job efficacy, stress, and satisfaction. Methods. Snowball sampling was used to solicit participation from women career FFs. Participants completed an online survey regarding physical and mental health, health behavior, job efficacy/stress/satisfaction, and family well-being. Logistic regression examined the impact of work discrimination-harassment severity on dichotomous variables. Results. 1,773 had complete data on their experiences with work-related discrimination and harassment. Women reported experiencing verbal (37.5%) and written (12.9%) harassment, hazing (16.9%), sexual advances (37.4%), and assaults (5.1%) in the fire service. FFs in the highest tertile of work discrimination-harassment severity reported over 40% more poor health days in the last 30 days (OR=1.42; 95%CI=1.33-1.51; p<0.001). Women who experienced moderate and severe discrimination/harassment had negative mental health outcomes including higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Those who experienced high rates of discrimination and/or harassment also were more likely to report issues with alcohol consumption. Conclusion. The impact of discrimination and harassment, related negative physical and mental outcomes, low levels of job satisfaction, and negative impact of these experiences on family/home stress likely take a significant toll on women in the fire service. Findings confirm and extend previous work suggesting there is a need to improve the mental and physical health of women FFs. Future work should examine the prospective relationship between discrimination/harassment and poor health outcomes and potential policies/practices to reduce these negative behaviors.

scholarly journals How Far Up the River? Criminal Justice Contact and Health Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
April D. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Criminal Justice Contact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Continuum

Research has shown negative health outcomes from felony imprisonment. The conditions that create and exacerbate physical and mental health outcomes on the felony side—exposure to disease, lack of health care, and stress—are reflected in other less severe forms of criminal justice contact. Given that the low-level contact has grown along with prison incarceration, the health effects of less severe forms of criminal justice contact should be investigated. Using 10 waves from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 ([NLSY97), this project explores the impact on self-reported physical and mental health from the continuum of contact, namely, an arrest, conviction, and jail sentence. The results show that low-level forms of contact negatively affect both physical and mental health throughout the continuum of contact. The role of the type of conviction is investigated, providing a more nuanced understanding of how points of contact operate on essential outcomes such as physical and mental health.

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