scholarly journals Biological nitrification inhibition in the rhizosphere: determining interactions and impact on microbially mediated processes and potential applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 874-908
Author(s):  
Pierfrancesco Nardi ◽  
Hendrikus J Laanbroek ◽  
Graeme W Nicol ◽  
Giancarlo Renella ◽  
Massimiliano Cardinale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Nitrification Inhibition ◽  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N2o Production ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Biological Nitrification

ABSTRACT Nitrification is the microbial conversion of reduced forms of nitrogen (N) to nitrate (NO3−), and in fertilized soils it can lead to substantial N losses via NO3− leaching or nitrous oxide (N2O) production. To limit such problems, synthetic nitrification inhibitors have been applied but their performance differs between soils. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the occurrence of biological nitrification inhibition (BNI), a natural phenomenon according to which certain plants can inhibit nitrification through the release of active compounds in root exudates. Here, we synthesize the current state of research but also unravel knowledge gaps in the field. The nitrification process is discussed considering recent discoveries in genomics, biochemistry and ecology of nitrifiers. Secondly, we focus on the ‘where’ and ‘how’ of BNI. The N transformations and their interconnections as they occur in, and are affected by, the rhizosphere, are also discussed. The NH4+ and NO3− retention pathways alternative to BNI are reviewed as well. We also provide hypotheses on how plant compounds with putative BNI ability can reach their targets inside the cell and inhibit ammonia oxidation. Finally, we discuss a set of techniques that can be successfully applied to solve unresearched questions in BNI studies.

scholarly journals Revisiting plant biological nitrification inhibition efficiency using multiple archaeal and bacterial ammonia-oxidising cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmeet Kaur-Bhambra ◽  
Daniel L. R. Wardak ◽  
James I. Prosser ◽  
Cécile Gubry-Rangin
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Nitrification Inhibition ◽  
Major Process ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Biological Nitrification ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Ammonia Oxidising Archaea

AbstractNitrification is a major process within the nitrogen (N) cycle leading to global losses of N, including fertiliser N, from natural and agricultural systems and producing significant nitrous oxide emissions. One strategy for the mitigation of these losses involves nitrification inhibition by plant-derived biological nitrification inhibitors (BNIs). Cultivation-based studies of BNIs, including screening for new compounds, have predominantly investigated inhibition of a single ammonia-oxidising bacterium (AOB), Nitrosomonas europaea, even though ammonia oxidation in soil is usually dominated by ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA), especially in acidic soils, and AOB Nitrosospira sp., rather than Nitrosomonas, in fertilised soils. This study aimed to assess the sensitivity of ammonia oxidation by a range of AOA and AOB pure cultures to BNIs produced by plant roots (methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, sakuranetin and 1,9-decanediol) and shoots (linoleic acid, linolenic acid and methyl linoleate). AOA were generally more sensitive to BNIs than AOB, and sensitivity was greater to BNIs produced by shoots than those produced by roots. Sensitivity also varied within AOA and AOB cultures and between different BNIs. In general, N. europaea was not a good indicator of BNI inhibition, and findings therefore highlight the limitations of use of a single bioassay strain and suggest the use of a broader range of strains that are more representative of natural soil communities.

scholarly journals Biological nitrification inhibition in maize—isolation and identification of hydrophobic inhibitors from root exudates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junnosuke Otaka ◽  
Guntur Venkata Subbarao ◽  
Hiroshi Ono ◽  
Tadashi Yoshihashi
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudation ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Nitrification Inhibition ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Biological Nitrification

AbstractTo control agronomic N losses and reduce environmental pollution, biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) is a promising strategy. BNI is an ecological phenomenon by which certain plants release bioactive compounds that can suppress nitrifying soil microbes. Herein, we report on two hydrophobic BNI compounds released from maize root exudation (1 and 2), together with two BNI compounds inside maize roots (3 and 4). On the basis of a bioassay-guided fractionation method using a recombinant nitrifying bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea, 2,7-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (1, ED50 = 2 μM) was identified for the first time from dichloromethane (DCM) wash concentrate of maize root surface and named “zeanone.” The benzoxazinoid 2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (HDMBOA, 2, ED50 = 13 μM) was isolated from DCM extract of maize roots, and two analogs of compound 2, 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (HMBOA, 3, ED50 = 91 μM) and HDMBOA-β-glucoside (4, ED50 = 94 μM), were isolated from methanol extract of maize roots. Their chemical structures (1–4) were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods. The contributions of these four isolated BNI compounds (1–4) to the hydrophobic BNI activity in maize roots were 19%, 20%, 2%, and 4%, respectively. A possible biosynthetic pathway for zeanone (1) is proposed. These results provide insights into the strength of hydrophobic BNI activity released from maize root systems, the chemical identities of the isolated BNIs, and their relative contribution to the BNI activity from maize root systems.

The nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide increases mineralization–immobilization turnover in slurry-amended grassland soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 152 (S1) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ERNFORS ◽  
F. P. BRENNAN ◽  
K. G. RICHARDS ◽  
K. L. MCGEOUGH ◽  
B. S. GRIFFITHS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Autotrophic Nitrification ◽  
Gross Mineralization ◽  
Soil N Mineralization ◽  
Inhibition Of Nitrification ◽  
Gross N Transformation

SUMMARYNitrification inhibitors are used in agriculture for the purpose of decreasing nitrogen (N) losses, by limiting the microbially mediated oxidation of ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3−). Successful inhibition of nitrification has been shown in numerous studies, but the extent to which inhibitors affect other N transformations in soil is largely unknown. In the present study, cattle slurry was applied to microcosms of three different grassland soils, with or without the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD). A solution containing NH4+and NO3−, labelled with15N either on the NH4+or the NO3−part, was mixed with the slurry before application. Gross N transformation rates were estimated using a15N tracing model. In all three soils, DCD significantly inhibited gross autotrophic nitrification, by 79–90%. Gross mineralization of recalcitrant organic N increased significantly with DCD addition in two soils, whereas gross heterotrophic nitrification from the same pool decreased with DCD addition in two soils. Fungal to bacterial ratios were not significantly affected by DCD addition. Total gross mineralization and immobilization increased significantly across the three soils when DCD was used, which suggests that DCD can cause non-target effects on soil N mineralization–immobilization turnover.

scholarly journals Microbial N Transformations and N2O Emission after Simulated Grassland Cultivation: Effects of the Nitrification Inhibitor 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate (DMPP)

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Feng Duan ◽  
Xian-Wang Kong ◽  
Andreas Schramm ◽  
Rodrigo Labouriau ◽  
Jørgen Eriksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea

ABSTRACT Grassland cultivation can mobilize large pools of N in the soil, with the potential for N leaching and N2O emissions. Spraying with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) before cultivation was simulated by use of soil columns in which the residue distribution corresponded to plowing or rotovation to study the effects of soil-residue contact on N transformations. DMPP was sprayed on aboveground parts of ryegrass and white clover plants before incorporation. During a 42-day incubation, soil mineral N dynamics, potential ammonia oxidation (PAO), denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA), nitrifier and denitrifier populations, and N2O emissions were investigated. The soil NO3 − pool was enriched with 15N to trace sources of N2O. Ammonium was rapidly released from decomposing residues, and PAO was stimulated in soil near residues. DMPP effectively reduced NH4 + transformation irrespective of residue distribution. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) were both present, but only the AOB amoA transcript abundance correlated with PAO. DMPP inhibited the transcription of AOB amoA genes. Denitrifier genes and transcripts (nirK, nirS, and clades I and II of nosZ) were recovered, and a correlation was found between nirS mRNA and DEA. DMPP showed no adverse effects on the abundance or activity of denitrifiers. The 15N enrichment of N2O showed that denitrification was responsible for 80 to 90% of emissions. With support from a control experiment without NO3 − amendment, it was concluded that DMPP will generally reduce the potential for leaching of residue-derived N, whereas the effect of DMPP on N2O emissions will be significant only when soil NO3 − availability is limiting. IMPORTANCE Residue incorporation following grassland cultivation can lead to mobilization of large pools of N and potentially to significant N losses via leaching and N2O emissions. This study proposed a mitigation strategy of applying 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) prior to grassland cultivation and investigated its efficacy in a laboratory incubation study. DMPP inhibited the growth and activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria but had no adverse effects on ammonia-oxidizing archaea and denitrifiers. DMPP can effectively reduce the potential for leaching of NO3 − derived from residue decomposition, while the effect on reducing N2O emissions will be significant only when soil NO3 − availability is limiting. Our findings provide insight into how DMPP affects soil nitrifier and denitrifier populations and have direct implications for improving N use efficiency and reducing environmental impacts during grassland cultivation.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF BIOCIDES ON NITRIFICATION, DENITRIFICATION, AND TOMATO N UPTAKE

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 703C-703
Author(s):  
Zana C. Somda ◽  
Harry A. Mills ◽  
Sharad C. Phatak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Inhibition Of Nitrification ◽  
Biological Nitrification

As a result of long-term application, some fungicides may accumulate in the soil to levels that can affect soil N transformations and plant growth. Studies were initiated to compare benomyl, captan, and lime-sulfur fungicides with the biological nitrification inhibitors (NI) nitrapyrin and terrazole for their effects on biological nitrification and denitrification, and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growth and N uptake. In laboratory studies, inhibition of nitrification was less than 5% in a Tifton l.s. soil incubated with 10 μg g -1 a.i. of benomyl but was about 51%, 72%, and more than 85% when amended with lime-sulfur, captan, and NI, respectively. Similarly, increased inhibitory effects on denitrification of NO3 were obtained in a liquid media incubated anaerobically with either NI (37%) than captan or lime-sulfur (25%) while benomyl had no significant effect. In greenhouse studies with tomato plants, weekly drench applications of 0.25 μg a.i. g -1 soil of the appropriate chemical for 4 weeks with three NH4:NO3 ratios showed that the NI and captan produced the greatest plant biomass and N uptake, but benomyl and lime-sulfur had no main effect while all fungicides interacted with the N ratio to affect plant growth and N uptake.

Nitrogen turnover and N2O production in incubated soils after receiving field applications of liquid manure and nitrification inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisi Lin ◽  
Guillermo Hernandez-Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
N2o Production ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Production ◽  
Time Courses

Applying abundant manure to soils can accelerate nitrogen transformations and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. We conducted a laboratory incubation to examine the turnover of labile N in manured soils. Soils were collected from agricultural fields that had recently received spring-injected liquid manure with or without admixing nitrification inhibitors. Bands and interbands of the manure plots were incubated separately. Time courses of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) were used to derive and contrast zero-, first- and second-order kinetics models. We found that nitrification rates were consistently better represented by first-order kinetics (k1). Furthermore, across all evaluated soils, the dependency of nitrification rate (k1 of NH4+) on initial NH4+ concentration was modelled by Michaelis-Menten kinetics reasonably well, with an affinity (Km) of 63 mg N kg-1 soil (R2= 0.82). Compared to the manure interbands, the initially NH4-enriched bands had a much faster nitrification rate, with half-life for NH4+ of only 4 days and rapid k1 (0.186 versus 0.011 day-1). Soil N substrate and k1 exerted control on N2O production. Nitrous oxide production increased linearly with both measured NH4+ intensity (R2= 0.47) and modelled k1–NH4+ (R2= 0.48). Conversely, N2O production increased non-linearly with NO3- intensity (R2= 0.68), where high NO3- caused a saturation plateau with a threshold of 96 mg N kg-1 day-1 – beyond which no additional N2O was produced. During peak N transformations, measured N2O-N flux was 1.4±0.3% of the inorganic N undergoing nitrification. Heavily manured soils exhibited augmented N turnover that increased N2O fluxes, but inhibitors reduced these emissions by half.

scholarly journals Soil gross nitrogen transformations in forestland and cropland of Regosols

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ren ◽  
Jinbo Zhang ◽  
Hamidou Bah ◽  
Christoph Müller ◽  
Zucong Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Autotrophic Nitrification ◽  
Land Use Types

AbstractSoil gross nitrogen (N) transformations could be influenced by land use change, however, the differences in inherent N transformations between different land use soils are still not well understood under subtropical conditions. In this study, an 15N tracing experiment was applied to determine the influence of land uses on gross N transformations in Regosols, widely distributed soils in Southwest China. Soil samples were taken from the dominant land use types of forestland and cropland. In the cropland soils, the gross autotrophic nitrification rates (mean 14.54 ± 1.66 mg N kg−1 day−1) were significantly higher, while the gross NH4+ immobilization rates (mean 0.34 ± 0.10 mg N kg−1 day−1) were significantly lower than those in the forestland soils (mean 1.99 ± 0.56 and 6.67 ± 0.74 mg N kg−1 day−1, respectively). The gross NO3− immobilization and dissimilatory NO3− reduction to NH4+ (DNRA) rates were not significantly different between the forestland and cropland soils. In comparison to the forestland soils (mean 0.51 ± 0.24), the cropland soils had significantly lower NO3− retention capacities (mean 0.01 ± 0.01), indicating that the potential N losses in the cropland soils were higher. The correlation analysis demonstrated that soil gross autotrophic nitrification rate was negatively and gross NH4+ immobilization rate was positively related to the SOC content and C/N ratio. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to increase soil SOC content and C/N ratio to enhance soil N immobilization ability and NO3− retention capacity and thus reduce NO3− losses from the Regosols.

N2O production by heterotrophic N transformations in a semiarid soil

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean E.T. McLain ◽  
Dean A. Martens
Keyword(s):  
N2o Production ◽  
N Transformations
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