A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TENSION WOOD AND NORMAL WOOD IN BEECH (FAGUS SYLVATICA L.)

1947 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. CHOW
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tension Wood ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Air permeability in longitudinal and radial directions of compression wood of Picea abies L. and tension wood of Fagus sylvatica L.

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asghar Tarmian ◽  
Patrick Perré
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tension Wood ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Anatomical Point ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The air permeability in longitudinal and radial directions of compression wood in spruce (Picea abies) and tension wood in beech (Fagus sylvatica) was compared with that of the corresponding normal wood. The primary aim of the present study was to explain why the reaction woods dry more slowly than the normal woods in the domain of free water. A number of boards conventionally dried to an average final moisture content of 12% were chosen to perform the measurements. Bordered pits on the radial walls of longitudinal tracheids in the compression and normal wood and intervessel or intervascular pits in the tension and normal wood were also examined. The reaction wood of both species is less permeable than the normal wood, both in longitudinal and radial directions. The difference in permeability was more pronounced between compression and normal wood of spruce, especially in longitudinal direction. From an anatomical point of view, this is likely related to some differences in anatomical characteristics affecting the airflow paths, such as the pit features. Such results can explain the difference in drying kinetics of the reaction and normal woods in the capillary regime of drying.

Dynamics, structure and properties of plant litterfall in a 120-year old beech stand in Middle Pomerania between 2007-2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Jonczak
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Maximum Content ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Abstract Studies of plant litterfall mass, its dynamics, structure and chemical composition were conducted between 2007.2010 in a 120-year old beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stand located in Middle Pomerania. The annual mass of litterfall during the study period ranged from 2.793 to 5.398 t·ha.1 and its maximum was observed during the seed year. Leaves were the major component of plant litterfall and their contribution was 82.4.84.5% in the non-seed years and 47.2% during the seed year. Inflorescences, seeds, and seed coats were important components of litterfall during the seed year and accounted together up to 39.8% of the total litterfall mass. Particular fractions of litterfall significantly differed in the chemical composition. The highest concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were noticed in seeds and leaves collected in spring and the maximum content of calcium was observed in leaves collected in autumn. The weighted mean annual concentrations of nitrogen ranged within 0.81.1.13%, phosphate . 0.126.0.153%, potassium . 0.298.0.485% and calcium . 0.416.0.583%. The influx of elements with litterfall to the soil was: 167.3.225.9 kg·ha-1 of ash, 23.2.61.0 kg·ha-1 of nitrogen, 3.6.7.6 kg·ha-1 of phosphorus, 8.3.26.2 kg·ha-1 of potassium and 15.3.22.4 kg·ha-1 of calcium.

TEM/FE-SEM studies on tension wood fibres of Acer spp., Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus robur L.

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 691-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lehringer ◽  
Geoffrey Daniel ◽  
Uwe Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tension Wood ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Wood Fibres ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Sem Studies

Topochemical investigation on tension wood fibres of Acer spp., Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus robur L.

Holzforschung ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lehringer ◽  
Notburga Gierlinger ◽  
Gerald Koch
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Tension Wood ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Raman Microscopy ◽  
Wood Fibres ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Subcellular Level ◽  
By Products

Abstract Topochemical detection of lignin and phenolic compounds was carried out at subcellular level in tension wood fibres of maple (Acer spp.), beech (Fagus sylvatica) and oak (Quercus robur) by means of cellular UV-microspectrophotometry (UMSP) and confocal Raman microscopy. UMSP field scans at 278 nm revealed the presence of aromatic compounds in the gelatinous layer (G-layer) in tension wood of all three species. Characterisation of the detected substances by point measurements from 240 nm to 400 nm revealed a plausible relationship to by-products from the lignin biosynthesis pathway. Raman spectra, recorded from different regions within the G-layer, showed a high affinity to spectra of lignins. The degree of aromatic compounds in the G-layer of oak tension wood fibres was approximately three-fold higher than that in maple and beech. Moreover, the oak G-layer showed an accumulation of aromatic compounds towards the cell lumen up to 50% higher than that detected in the secondary cell wall. UMSP and Raman microscopy are considered valuable complementary methods for topochemical investigation on a subcellular level.

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