Seed Adaptive Traits of Fagus sylvatica Populations in Northeastern Greece

Abstract Fagus sylvatica in Europe is expected to be severely affected by the ongoing climate change. In this article, seed adaptive traits, in terms of morphology and germination, of F. sylvatica populations of different postglacial lineage and intrapopulation genetic diversity were evaluated. Eight plots from two geographical provenances, Evros and Drama, were selected. Provenance shaped both morphology and germination patterns, but the effect was more pronounced on germination. Seeds from Drama were larger and heavier than those from Evros but exhibited a higher degree of dormancy and slower germination. High among-plots variability on morphology and germination was also observed, especially in Evros. This higher variability was consistent with the higher level of genetic diversity observed at genomic and chloroplast DNA markers at small or larger spatial scales from previous published studies on the same plots. Results suggested the existence of different seed adaptation strategies, mainly between provenances, as a result of possible adaptation to different environmental conditions, whereas a possible influence of a generally complex pattern of admixture between different beech subspecies and postglacial lineages could not be excluded.

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USING CHLOROPLAST DNA MARKERS TO UNDERSTAND ANANAS AND PSEUDANANAS GENETIC DIVERSITY

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2005.666.9 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 93-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.F. Duval ◽

J.L. Noyer ◽

P. Hamon ◽

G.C. Buso ◽

F.R. Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Chloroplast Dna ◽

Dna Markers ◽

Chloroplast Dna Markers

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A wide range of genetic diversity in pear (Pyrus ussuriensis var. aromatica) genetic resources from Iwate, Japan revealed by SSR and chloroplast DNA markers

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution ◽

10.1007/s10722-006-9170-9 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 54 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Hironori Katayama ◽

Shiho Adachi ◽

Toshiya Yamamoto ◽

Chiyomi Uematsu

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Chloroplast Dna ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Dna Markers ◽

Wide Range ◽

Chloroplast Dna Markers

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Weathering the impacts of climate change

Conservation Physiology ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198843610.003.0013 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 227-238

Author(s):

Brian Helmuth

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Heat Waves ◽

Heat Budget ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Physiological Tolerance ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Local Environments ◽

Sessile Organisms

Ectothermic organisms experience their local environments in ways that humans can have difficulty conceptualizing. Physics-based (ecomechanical) approaches, for example heat budget models, can lend insights into how an organism’s very local environmental conditions (microclimate) can drive niche-level conditions such as body temperature; these in turn drive physiological processes. Quantitative methods also allow insights into the temporal and spatial scales that may ultimately determine responses to larger-scale environmental change. For example, for small, sessile organisms, microhabitats such as crevices in rocks may provide microrefugia that allow survival during heat waves. As a result, larger-scale recovery following heat waves (rescue effects) may ultimately be influenced by much smaller-scale processes. Ecomechanics techniques also facilitate the use of interventions such as shading that can maintain environmental conditions within physiological tolerance levels.

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Towards Exploitation of Adaptive Traits for Climate-Resilient Smart Pulses

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20122971 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 2971 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jitendra Kumar ◽

Arbind K. Choudhary ◽

Debjyoti Sen Gupta ◽

Shiv Kumar

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Genetic Diversity ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Climate Scenario ◽

Vegetarian Diet ◽

Adaptive Traits ◽

Marginal Lands ◽

Poor Countries ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Molecular Approaches

Pulses are the main source of protein and minerals in the vegetarian diet. These are primarily cultivated on marginal lands with few inputs in several resource-poor countries of the world, including several in South Asia. Their cultivation in resource-scarce conditions exposes them to various abiotic and biotic stresses, leading to significant yield losses. Furthermore, climate change due to global warming has increased their vulnerability to emerging new insect pests and abiotic stresses that can become even more serious in the coming years. The changing climate scenario has made it more challenging to breed and develop climate-resilient smart pulses. Although pulses are climate smart, as they simultaneously adapt to and mitigate the effects of climate change, their narrow genetic diversity has always been a major constraint to their improvement for adaptability. However, existing genetic diversity still provides opportunities to exploit novel attributes for developing climate-resilient cultivars. The mining and exploitation of adaptive traits imparting tolerance/resistance to climate-smart pulses can be accelerated further by using cutting-edge approaches of biotechnology such as transgenics, genome editing, and epigenetics. This review discusses various classical and molecular approaches and strategies to exploit adaptive traits for breeding climate-smart pulses.

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STUDY OF THE ORIGIN OF THE CULTIVATED ALMOND USING NUCLEAR AND CHLOROPLAST DNA MARKERS

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2009.814.118 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 695-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Zeinalabedini ◽

V. Grigorian ◽

M. Torchi ◽

M. Khayam-Nekoui ◽

K. Majourhat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chloroplast Dna ◽

Dna Markers ◽

Chloroplast Dna Markers

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Relationships Among Phaseoloid Legumes Based on Sequences from Eight Chloroplast Regions

Systematic Botany ◽

10.1600/036364409787602221 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 115-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Saša Stefanović ◽

Bernard E. Pfeil ◽

Jeffrey D. Palmer ◽

Jeff J. Doyle

Keyword(s):

Chloroplast Dna ◽

Dna Markers ◽

Strong Support ◽

The Other ◽

Support Network ◽

Generic Level ◽

Shared History ◽

Rate Acceleration ◽

Codon Positions ◽

Chloroplast Dna Markers

Generic level relationships in phaseoloid legumes have received much attention using chloroplast DNA markers. However, despite this attention not all relationships are yet well-resolved. This study includes trnL-F sequences from across a wide sample of phaseoloid legumes as well as seven additional chloroplast DNA loci (rbcL, atpB, trnK/matK, rpl2, clpP, rps16, and ycf4) analyzed separately and in combination. Together, these data provide support for many relationships generally consistent with, but only weakly supported, in earlier studies. Some major discordant phylogenetic results were found in our separate analyses; for example, ycf4 sequences group Glycine and Teramnus with strong support; however, the combined analysis of the remaining seven loci found incongruent groupings (Glycine and Psoraleeae genera; Teramnus and Amphicarpaea) also with strong support. Network analysis of ycf4 revealed that the conflicting signal (relative to the other seven loci) came from first and second codon positions. These positions also showed significant rate acceleration, together indicating that selection driving convergent molecular evolution is the likely cause of the signal in ycf4, rather than shared history. The major clades within the phaseoloid legumes supported by our analysis are discussed.

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Sharing of chloroplast haplotypes among red oak species suggests interspecific gene flow between neighboring populations

Botany ◽

10.1139/cjb-2014-0261 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 93 (10) ◽

pp. 691-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ruhua Zhang ◽

Andrew L. Hipp ◽

Oliver Gailing

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Chloroplast Dna ◽

Genetic Markers ◽

Dna Markers ◽

Divergent Selection ◽

Red Oak ◽

Interspecific Gene Flow ◽

Red Oaks ◽

Chloroplast Dna Markers ◽

Chloroplast Haplotypes

The North American red oak species Quercus rubra L., Quercus ellipsoidalis E. J. Hill, Quercus velutina Lam., and Quercus coccinea Münchh. are morphologically similar and showed very low interspecific differentiation at most nuclear genetic markers in our earlier analyses (<10%). However, a few genetic markers showed interspecific differentiation values (up to 84%) above neutral expectations, a pattern of genomic divergence consistent with models of ecological speciation in the face of gene flow and strong divergent selection. Accordingly, these interfertile species are predicted to maintain differential adaptations to drought, while neutral regions of the genome appear to be homogenized by interspecific gene flow. According to this model of maintenance of species integrity by divergent selection with gene flow, we expect a sharing of chloroplast haplotypes between interspecific population pairs. We analyzed maternally inherited chloroplast DNA markers for the first time in interspecific populations of the red oaks (section Lobatae) to provide additional evidence for contemporary gene flow between Q. rubra and Q. ellipsoidalis and between Q. velutina and Q. ellipsoidalis. Very low interspecific differentiation (GST = 0.023), but pronounced genetic differentiation among populations from different regions (GST = 0.277) across species, and sharing of regional chloroplast haplotypes between species in sympatric and neighboring populations provided strong evidence for contemporary interspecific gene flow. The pattern of divergence at chloroplast DNA markers in red oaks suggests interspecific gene flow that resulted in a sharing of chloroplast types while the ecological and morphological distinctness of species was maintained.

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