scholarly journals Patterns of variation in the rDNA cistron within and among world populations of a mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse).

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-550
Author(s):  
W C Black ◽  
D K McLain ◽  
K S Rai
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Restriction Map ◽  
Repeat Region ◽  
Molecular Drive ◽  
Nontranscribed Spacer ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
Ribosomal Cistron

Abstract A restriction map was constructed of the ribosomal cistron in a mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse). The 18s, 28s and nontranscribed spacer (NTS) regions were subcloned and used to probe for intraspecific variation. Seventeen populations were examined throughout the world range of the species. No variation was detected in the coding regions but extensive and continuous variation existed in the NTS. The NTS consisted of two nonhomologous regions. The first region contained multiple 190-bp AluI repeats nested within larger XhoI repeats of various sizes. There was a large number of length variants in the AluI repeat region of the NTS. No repeats were found in the second region and it gave rise to relatively fewer variants. An analysis of NTS diversity in individual mosquitoes indicated that most of the diversity arose at the population level. Discriminant analysis was performed on spacer types in individual mosquitoes and demonstrated that individuals within a population carried a unique set of spacers. In contrast with studies of the NTS in Drosophila populations, there seems to be little conservation of spacers in a population. The importance of molecular drive relative to drift and selection in the generation of local population differentiation is discussed.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive, Flexible Collection of SARS-CoV-2 Coding Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3399-3402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae-Kyum Kim ◽  
Jennifer J Knapp ◽  
Da Kuang ◽  
Aditya Chawla ◽  
Patricia Cassonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Viral Life Cycle ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Rapid Transfer

Abstract The world is facing a global pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Here we describe a collection of codon-optimized coding sequences for SARS-CoV-2 cloned into Gateway-compatible entry vectors, which enable rapid transfer into a variety of expression and tagging vectors. The collection is freely available. We hope that widespread availability of this SARS-CoV-2 resource will enable many subsequent molecular studies to better understand the viral life cycle and how to block it.

scholarly journals Hip Fracture Types in Canadian Men and Women Change Differently with Age: A Population-Level Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. CMAMD.S38531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Crilly ◽  
Marita Kloseck ◽  
Selam Mequanint
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Administrative Database ◽  
Fracture Type ◽  
Discharge Abstract Database ◽  
Fracture Types

Background We have previously reported a gender difference in the occurrence of hip fracture type with age in our local population. In the current report, we have explored this phenomenon in a Canadian population using five years of data from a national administrative database. We have compared community-dwelling and institutionalized individuals to determine if frailty is important and has a differential effect on the type of hip fracture experienced. Methods Hospitalization records from 2005 to 2009, in which the most responsible diagnosis, that is the diagnosis causing the admission to hospital, was a hip fracture, were obtained from the Discharge Abstract Database of the Canadian Institute for Health Information. Hip fracture type was identified using the Canadian Classification of Health Interventions and the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision, Canada (ICD-10-CA). Hip fracture proportions were calculated for the study period and stratified by age group and sex. Results The relative proportion of intertrochanteric fractures in women rose from 35% in the youngest group (55–59 years) to 51% in the oldest group (84+ years; P < 0.0001). In men, the proportions remain relatively stable (47% and 44%, respectively). Community and institutionalized patients showed the same pattern. Conclusions The change in the proportion of the two hip fracture types that occur in women but not men may point to differences in the etiology and consequently the approaches to prevention for the two fracture types. Level of frailty did not seem to be important.

scholarly journals A global quantification of “normal” sleep schedules using smartphone data

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. e1501705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia J. Walch ◽  
Amy Cochran ◽  
Daniel B. Forger
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Sleep Scheduling ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Normal Sleep

The influence of the circadian clock on sleep scheduling has been studied extensively in the laboratory; however, the effects of society on sleep remain largely unquantified. We show how a smartphone app that we have developed, ENTRAIN, accurately collects data on sleep habits around the world. Through mathematical modeling and statistics, we find that social pressures weaken and/or conceal biological drives in the evening, leading individuals to delay their bedtime and shorten their sleep. A country’s average bedtime, but not average wake time, predicts sleep duration. We further show that mathematical models based on controlled laboratory experiments predict qualitative trends in sunrise, sunset, and light level; however, these effects are attenuated in the real world around bedtime. Additionally, we find that women schedule more sleep than men and that users reporting that they are typically exposed to outdoor light go to sleep earlier and sleep more than those reporting indoor light. Finally, we find that age is the primary determinant of sleep timing, and that age plays an important role in the variability of population-level sleep habits. This work better defines and personalizes “normal” sleep, produces hypotheses for future testing in the laboratory, and suggests important ways to counteract the global sleep crisis.

scholarly journals En dynamisk kulturarv – Dybbøls 12 metamorfoser

1970 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Inge Andriansen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Mass Graves ◽  
North East ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many

Dybbøl is the brow of a hill located about 30 km north-east of the border between Denmark and Germany. This area was once the former Danish Duchy of Schleswig, which was under German rule in the period from 1864 to 1920. Dybbøl was also the site of intense fighting during the Schleswig-Holstein Revolt of 1848–50 and the Danish-German War of 1864. There are remains of both Danish and German fortifications and earthworks, along with large mass graves in which troops from Denmark, Schleswig-Holstein and Germany lie buried. After a plebiscite about the placing of the border was held in 1920, Schleswig was divided up, and the northern part – which included Dybbøl – became part of Denmark. This was followed by a comprehensive ”Danishification” of the cultural landscape, which had previously been dominated by a large Prussian victory monument and numerous German memorial stones. A Danish national park was set up at Dybbøl in 1924, with the backing of the local population and financial sup- port from a national collection appeal, and formally opened by the Danish prime minister. After this, Dybbøl became the epitome of the institutionalised cultural heritage of the state of Denmark, and would almost certainly be included in any ”cultural canon” of the most significant geographical locations that have helped shape the Danish sense of national identity. However, Dybbøl also features another – less comfortable – aspect of the Danish cultural heritage, bearing witness to Danish acts of vandalism perpetrated against the German monuments found here. Any study of the use of the history associated with Dybbøl uncovers layer upon layer of episodes that speak of conflicting interests and countless metamorphoses that led to the site being imbued with new values and a sequence of new identities. And in step with the resurgence of nationalist sentiments in Denmark since the mid-1980s, there has been a corresponding, strengthened re-annexation of the cultural heritage associated with Dybbøl. The need to cling on to and retain establis- hed, familiar positions and a fundamental sense of belonging are well-known aspects of the process of globalisation, and are seen throughout the world. In Dybbøl, this deep-felt need has resulted in the construction of a Danish fortification, and the Danish flag flying atop the many flagpoles has become more frequent sight. This process can also be interpreted as an expression of Danish foreign policy taking on a more active role in the world.

scholarly journals ANALISIS TERHADAP PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NO 54 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG PELAKSANAAN PENGANGKATAN ANAK DITINJAUDARI PRINSIP NON DISKRIMINASI DALAM KONVENSI HAK ANAK (CONTOH KASUS POLWAN GAGAL ADOPSI ANAK KARENA TERHALANG PERATURAN PEMERINTAH)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Stanley Noer H ◽  
Mulati .
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Local Population ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
The World ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
The Republic

Child is a gift from God Almighty, who inherent in dignity and dignity as a whole person. Children also have human rights recognized by the nation-states in the world. Children's rights are marked by the guarantee of protection and fulfillment of the Rights of the Child in the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia and several provisions of laws and regulations both national and international. This guarantee is upheld through the ratification of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child, namely the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child through Presidential Decree No. 36/1990 on the Ratification of Convention On The Rights Of The Child. In the case that the authors found that there was an adoption of a child who could not be made due to Government Regulation No. 54 of 2007 article 3, paragraph 2 stating that in the case of the origin of the child is unknown, the child's religion is in accordance with the religion of the majority of the local population. With this case, according to the author means there has been discrimination against prospective parents who have good intentions to appoint children because of the constraints of religious differences between parents and prospective children. Whereas in the course of the child is also possible to choose a different religion with the parents' religion. Directly this Government Regulation is contrary to the principle of Non-Discrimination adopted by the Convention on the Rights of the Child

Prospects for global jihadism in Southeast Asia

2021 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Zherlitsyna
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Main Pole ◽  
The World ◽  
Secular Power ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Islamist Movement ◽  
Islamist Movements

The article examines the relationship between local and global radical Islamist movements in the countries of Southeast Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. The author set out to determine the reasons for the attractiveness of the rhetoric of modern global jihadist movements for the local population in remote regions of the world.  The study showed that the ideology of jihadism is based on a return to identity, the main pole of which is religion. After examining the origins of radical Islamist movements in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines, the author concluded that the Afghan War was the impetus for their development. The purpose of this study is to find common and distinctive characteristics of the situation with Islamist radicalism in each of the countries of the region.  Analyzing the situation in Indonesia, the author concludes that the priority for local groups is local goals, and the issue of armed jihad has split the Indonesian Islamist movement into a moderate and radical wing associated with Al-Qaeda and ISIS. The article traces the evolution of secular power in Malaysia to the institutionalization of political Islam, starting in the 1970s.  The author argues that the grows of the Islamization in Malaysia led to the fact that the modern religious and ethnic discourse of the country as a whole was prepared for the perception of the ideology of radicals when ISIS appeared in the region. The author found that the jihadist movements in the Philippines are motivated by the separatist conflict, they pursue local goals and use the rhetoric of global jihad to stimulate the struggle and intimidate opponents.

Medical topography as an instrument of colonial management in French Algeria, 1830–71

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-102
Author(s):  
Hugues Moussy
Keyword(s):  
Western Medicine ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Fundamental Interest ◽  
Spatial Continuity ◽  
The World ◽  
Colonization Process

The role played by medicine in colonial history has been underestimated, and even misunderstood. This chapter shows that, contrary to some prevailing assumptions, the main impact of medicine in the colonization process was perhaps not so much at the level of bodies as at another level: space. A different, population-based historiography is therefore necessary. This chapter proposes that because of its fundamental interest in the environment and space, Western medicine—contemporary with the colonial imperative—contributed to the domination of the European powers by making it possible to think of the fundamental spatial continuity of the world and therefore its conquest. Medical topographies, in the context of the conquest of Algeria by French armies from 1830, provide an exemplary source in which to explore this proposition. Algeria occupied a prominent place in French medico-topographical production: forty-one topographies were devoted to it, amounting to 7 per cent of all medical topographies handwritten and printed following the conquest, more than any other area of French territory. Medical topographers first began in those areas for which they were specialists, and which seemed reserved particularly for them: water and air. They then turned to mortality. Finally, I demonstrate that topographies were an ideological and legitimizing instrument. They demonstrate a marked imbalance between their concern with the health of the French soldiers and later of the colonists, and the health of the local population.

scholarly journals Near Threatened Fishes of the World: Malapterurus teugelsi Norris, 2002 (Siluriformes: Malapteruridae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Felix Koffi KONAN ◽  
Charles Koffi BOUSSOU ◽  
Yves Kotchi BONY ◽  
Mexmin Koffi KONAN ◽  
Edia Oi EDIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Cultural Representation ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Fishing Pressure ◽  
The World ◽  
Threatened Fishes ◽  
Near Threatened

Malapterurus teugelsi Norris, 2002, an endemic electric catfishes of the Kogon River Basin in Guinea, is assessed as Near Threatened due to its restricted distribution area, fishing pressure, mining activities, loss of habitats and aquatic pollution. This fish has a high cultural representation in the folklore of the local population. Moreover, in addition to its very limited distribution, very little information exists on its reproductive biology and its food ecology. Therefore, singular care must be paid to it for its conservation.

Growth and foreign direct investment absorption across cultural dimensions

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1003-1022
Author(s):  
Alfredo A. Romero ◽  
Jeffrey A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Run

PurposeInjections of foreign direct investment (FDI) are often followed by injections of foreign culture which may not be well received among the local population. If this is the case, culture may impede any positive externalities from FDI. On the other hand, if the people of the host country embrace injections of FDI, this may lead to boosts in not only short-run factors of production but also longer-term technological spillovers. We measure what role cultural make-up of a country plays on the effect of FDI on growth in GDP.Design/methodology/approachUsing values system data from the World Values Survey (WVS), and socioeconomic data from the World Bank, we estimate and plot the marginal effect of FDI on growth as a function of a country's values system for a panel of 73 countries over a span of three decades.FindingsWe find that the marginal effect of FDI on growth in GDP differs across varying degrees of cultural values, even after adjusting for level of development. In other words, our analysis indicates that a country's cultural norms do indeed affect foreign investment's impact on economic growth.Originality/valueTo date there is no research that systematically assesses the effect that cultural make-up has on the marginal effect of FDI on growth. We go beyond the use of isolated cultural variables by using data on cultural dimensions that account for most of the observed cultural differences between countries. We believe our findings will work as a launchpad for more novel ways to capture country heterogeneity in growth research.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-09-2019-0549.

The Role of Amateur Radio in National and International Disasters

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 339-341
Author(s):  
Lawrence S. Higgins ◽  
Jan D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Critical Density ◽  
Vital Part ◽  
Amateur Radio ◽  
The World

Appreciation of reliable commuications might seem universal; yet when natural disasters strike, few communities are equipped to handle these essential needs. In many instances their ability to notify the rest of the world about their disaster is seriously impaired. Why this is so and why Amateur Radio Operators, or “hams”, always seem to play such a vital part in community survival is the topic of this article.The best communication systems can fail from traffic overload. As an example, there may be little if any loss of telephone lines or commerical radio links; yet the local population can totally paralyze a system simply by picking up the phone and calling someone. An analogy to this stoppage of communications traffic is seen daily on our expressways as too many cars enter and exceed some critical density at which all traffic must stop.

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