The molecular through ecological genetics of abnormal abdomen in Drosophila mercatorum. VI. The non-neutrality of the Y chromosome rDNA polymorphism.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 1373-1384
Author(s):  
H Hollocher ◽  
A R Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Ecological Genetics ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Drosophila Mercatorum ◽  
Rdna Polymorphism ◽  
Male Expression

Abstract An association between quantitative variation of rDNA on the Y chromosome and male expression of the juvenilized, adult cuticle of the abnormal abdomen syndrome has been found for Drosophila mercatorum. Many pleiotropic effects of this syndrome have been described previously for females, but little was known about possible pleiotropic effects in males. The effects on males open up new avenues for the action of natural selection operating on the system. In females, the syndrome causes an increase in egg-to-adult development time, precocious sexual maturation, increased fecundity and decreased longevity. In addition to the cuticle phenotype, in males abnormal abdomen causes delayed sexual maturation, increased longevity, and decreased mating success, yet no change in egg-to-adult development time. Thus the syndrome has opposing fitness effects in the two sexes, which may help explain the genetic polymorphism observed in this system. Although investigated intensively, associations between naturally occurring Y-linked polymorphism and fitness phenotypes have not been found in Drosophila melanogaster.

scholarly journals Does exposure of maleDrosophila melanogasterto acute gamma radiation influence egg to adult development time and longevity of F1-F3offspring?

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mohamed Shameer ◽  
K. Sowmithra ◽  
B. P. Harini ◽  
R. C. Chaubey ◽  
S. K. Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Development Time

The Ecological Genetics of Abnormal Abdomen in Drosophila mercatorum

1990 ◽  
pp. 17-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Templeton ◽  
Hope Hollocher ◽  
Susan Lawler ◽  
J. Spencer Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Genetics ◽  
Drosophila Mercatorum

scholarly journals The molecular through ecological genetics of abnormal abdomen. IV. Components of genetic variation in a natural population of Drosophila mercatorum.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-366
Author(s):  
H Hollocher ◽  
A R Templeton ◽  
R DeSalle ◽  
J S Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Ecological Genetics ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Drosophila Mercatorum ◽  
Y Chromosomes

Abstract Natural populations of Drosophila mercatorum are polymorphic for a phenotypic syndrome known as abnormal abdomen (aa). This syndrome is characterized by a slow-down in egg-to-adult developmental time, retention of juvenile abdominal cuticle in the adult, increased early female fecundity, and decreased adult longevity. Previous studies revealed that the expression of this syndrome in females is controlled by two closely linked X chromosomal elements: the occurrence of an R1 insert in a third or more of the X-linked 28S ribosomal genes (rDNA), and the failure of replicative selection favoring uninserted 28S genes in larval polytene tissues. The expression of this syndrome in males in a laboratory stock was associated with the deletion of the rDNA normally found on the Y chromosome. In this paper we quantify the levels of genetic variation for these three components in a natural population of Drosophila mercatorum found near Kamuela, Hawaii. Extensive variation is found in the natural population for both of the X-linked components. Moreover, there is a significant association between variation in the proportion of R1 inserted 28S genes with allelic variation at the underreplication (ur) locus such that both of the necessary components for aa expression in females tend to cosegregate in the natural population. Accordingly, these two closely linked X chromosomal elements are behaving as a supergene in the natural population. Because of this association, we do not believe the R1 insert to be actively transposing to an appreciable extent. The Y chromosomes extracted from nature are also polymorphic, with 16% of the Ys lacking the Y-specific rDNA marker. The absence of this marker is significantly associated with the expression of aa in males. Hence, all three of the major genetic determinants of the abnormal abdomen syndrome are polymorphic in this natural population.

scholarly journals Human Y Chromosome Exerts Pleiotropic Effects on Susceptibility to Atherosclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2386-2401 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Eales ◽  
Akhlaq A. Maan ◽  
Xiaoguang Xu ◽  
Tom Michoel ◽  
Pille Hallast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Human Y Chromosome

Life-History Data of a Mexican Population of Triatoma nitida (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Alejandro Martínez-Ibarra ◽  
Tzintli Meraz-Medina ◽  
Benjamin Nogueda-Torres ◽  
María E Villagrán-Herrera ◽  
Jose A de Diego-Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Vectorial Capacity ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Blood Meals ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract This study reports the third collection of Triatoma nitida Usinger in Mexico, with a brief description of the collection area and an investigation of parameters related to its vectorial capacity. Whether a triatomine (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) species is a primary or secondary vector is determined by factors that include vectorial capacity, anthropophilic habits, geographic distribution, and capacity to invade and colonize human dwellings. However, when the primary vectors are removed, secondary vectors, such as T. nitida, can become important transmitters of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas to humans. To estimate the vectorial capacity of T. nitida, the egg-to-adult development time, number of blood meals required to molt to the adult stage, accumulative mortality, onset time for feeding, and feeding and defecation times were examined. Triatoma nitida (n = 100) required a median of 590 d to complete its development time, with a median of 31 blood meals. Almost half (46.5%) of the nymphs died during the cycle. The onset of feeding time exceeded 5 min in all nymphal instars (except on fourth-instar) and adults and feeding times exceeded 22 min in all instars, except on first-instar nymphs. No defecation was observed for 65.6% (n = 383) of the triatomines during a 30-min observation period. Based on the six parameters, the vectorial capacity of T. nitida should be considered as low. However, surveillance programs should include this species because the potential importance of T. nitida as a vector has been demonstrated in other countries.

scholarly journals THE MOLECULAR THROUGH ECOLOGICAL GENETICS OF ABNORMAL ABDOMEN. II. RIBOSOMAL DNA POLYMORPHISM IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ABNORMAL ABDOMEN SYNDROME IN DROSOPHILA MERCATORUM

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-875
Author(s):  
Rob DeSalle ◽  
Jerry Slightom ◽  
Elizabeth Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Ecological Genetics ◽  
Rdna Repeat ◽  
Dna Encoding ◽  
Juvenile Hormone Esterase ◽  
Repeat Units ◽  
Drosophila Mercatorum ◽  
Cytoplasmic Rnas ◽  
Rdna Copy

ABSTRACT Restriction endonuclease cleavage analyses of cloned and genomic DNA samples indicate that the structure of the DNA encoding the large cytoplasmic RNAs (rDNAs) is altered in Drosophila mercatorum lines which exhibit an abnormal abdomen (aa) phenotype. In a majority of the rDNA repeat units from aa flies, the 28S coding sequence is interrupted by a large [5-6 kilobase pairs (kbp)] insert. A subclone containing this inserted DNA (ins 3) hybridizes primarily to rDNA-containing sequences in in situ and genomic blot hybridization experiments. Additionally, genomic nitrocellulose blot hybridization analyses show that ins  - containing rDNA repeat units are clustered in a spontaneously arising aa mutant. This rDNA alteration in D. mercatorum flies with the aa phenotype more closely resembles the bobbed (bb) defect of D. hydei than the bb defect of D. melanogaster, which involves alterations in rDNA copy number. By analogy with the other Drosophila systems, we propose that the altered D. mercatorum rDNA repeat units are defective in rRNA production at a critical stage. The lowered levels of rRNA ultimately would limit the concentration of ribosomes needed to produce large quantities of a protein (in these cases, juvenile hormone esterase) needed for normal development.

Re-description and biology of Parastethynium maxwelli (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of Zophiuma lobulata (Hemiptera: Lophopidae), and description of a new species of Parastethynium from Indonesia

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2733 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN T. HUBER ◽  
CATHERINE W. GITAU ◽  
GEOFF M. GURR ◽  
CHARLES F. DEWHURST ◽  
MURRAY J. FLETCHER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Development Time ◽  
First Record ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
A New Species

Both sexes of Parastethynium maxwelli (Girault), a parasitoid of Zophiuma lobulata Ghauri eggs on coconut and oil palm in Papua New Guinea, are described and illustrated. The second known species in the genus Parastethynium, P. hirsutum Huber sp. n., from Indonesia (Sulawesi) is also described. The latter represents the first record from the Oriental region. The basic biology of P. maxwelli is presented. Mean progeny produced per female was 57 with a female proportion of 0.59. Mean egg to adult development time was 11 days, at 24.5 o C−29.7 o C and 72−93% relative humidity. Survival time of females and males fed on honey and water was longer compared to males and differed significantly with those provided with water only or nothing at all.

Development and larval diapause in the southern African dung beetle Onitis caffer Boheman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope B. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
The Third ◽  
Larval Diapause

AbstractThe development of Onitis caffer Boheman in cattle dung was studied in the laboratory. The larvae feed on the dung in which the eggs are laid. Egg to adult development at 25°C was completed in 24·7 weeks by a strain from a winter rainfall (WR) area of South Africa and 29·4 weeks by a strain from a summer rainfall (SR) area, and occurred without diapause. Maximum larval dry weight was achieved mid-way through the third larval instar, after which the larva emptied much of its gut to form a protective faecal shell, in which pupation occurred. At 20°C, 20% of WR larvae developed without diapause and the adults emerged after 33·5 weeks, whereas the remaining 80% of adults emerged after 80·1 weeks. In the SR strain, 70% emerged after 37·1 weeks without having entered diapause, while the remaining 30% emerged after 83·8 weeks. Thus, the period of diapause for both strains was 47 weeks and occurred in the third larval instar. At 15°C, 74% of WR larvae had pupated by 153 weeks, with a mean development time of 121·8 weeks. Zero development temperatures were 10·4°C (WR) and 10·1°C (SR), and day-degree requirements for development without diapause at 20°C were 2251 (WR) and 2571 (SR).

THE MOLECULAR THROUGH ECOLOGICAL GENETICS OF ABNORMAL ABDOMEN. III. TISSUE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIAL REPLICATION OF RIBOSOMAL GENES MODULATES THE ABNORMAL ABDOMEN PHENOTYPE IN DROSOPHILA MERCATORUM

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-886
Author(s):  
Rob DeSalle ◽  
Alan R Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Ribosomal Genes ◽  
Ecological Genetics ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Type D ◽  
Drosophila Mercatorum ◽  
Specific Control

ABSTRACT The abnormal abdomen (aa) syndrome in Drosophila mercatorum is controlled by two major X-linked genetic elements. We have previously shown that the major X-linked element of aa is associated with the presence of large inserts in the 28S gene of the ribosomal RNA (rDNA) genes. We show that, in polytene tissue of wild-type D. mercatorum, the uninterrupted rDNA repeats are overreplicated relative to interrupted repeats. Uninterrupted rDNA repeats are also overreplicated in polytene tissue of hybrid larval offspring from wild-type and aa parents. This overreplication of uninterrupted repeats is not observed in diploid tissues of wild-type hybrids (of wild-type and aa parents) and homozygous aa larvae or in polytene tissue of aa larvae. Furthermore, molecular analysis of an aa line that has reverted to the wild type indicates that the reversion phenomenon is associated with the ability to overreplicate uninterrupted rDNA repeats in polytene tissues. The patterns of differential replication of rDNA genes in wild-type hybrids and aa larvae of D. mercatorum offer a possible mechanism for the tissue-specific control of the aa phenotype and suggest that the molecular basis for the second X-linked genetic element of aa is involved in the control of differential replication in polytene tissues.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document