scholarly journals Measures of Synteny Conservation Between Species Pairs

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 441-448
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ann Housworth ◽  
John Postlethwait
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Conserved Synteny ◽  
Orthologous Genes ◽  
Synteny Conservation ◽  
True Number ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Syntenic Conservation ◽  
Interval Estimators ◽  
Natural Way

AbstractMeasures of conserved synteny are important for estimating the relative rates of chromosomal evolution in various lineages. We present a natural way to view the synteny conservation between two species from an Oxford grid—an r × c table summarizing the number of orthologous genes on each of the chromosomes 1 through r of the first species that are on each of the chromosomes 1 through c of the second species. This viewpoint suggests a natural statistic, which we denote by ρ and call syntenic correlation, designed to measure the amount of synteny conservation between two species. This measure allows syntenic conservation to be compared across many pairs of species. We improve the previous methods for estimating the true number of conserved syntenies given the observed number of conserved syntenies by taking into account the dependency of the numbers of orthologues observed in the chromosome pairings between the two species and by determining both point and interval estimators. We also discuss the application of our methods to genomes that contain chromosomes of highly variable lengths and to estimators of the true number of conserved segments between species pairs.

The murine DSCR1-like (Down Syndrome Candidate Region 1) gene family: conserved synteny with the human orthologous genes

Gene ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Strippoli ◽  
Massimiliano Petrini ◽  
Luca Lenzi ◽  
Paolo Carinci ◽  
Maria Zannotti
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Candidate Region ◽  
Conserved Synteny ◽  
Orthologous Genes

Comparative mapping of human Chromosome 19 with the chicken shows conserved synteny and gives an insight into chromosomal evolution

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 310-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Smith ◽  
Ian R. Paton ◽  
Frazer Murray ◽  
Richard P.M.A. Crooijmans ◽  
Martien A.M. Groenen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Chromosome ◽  
Comparative Mapping ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Conserved Synteny ◽  
Chromosome 19 ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Human Chromosome 19

scholarly journals Chromosomal localization of three somatostatin genes in zebrafish. Evidence that the [Pro2]-somatostatin-14 isoform and cortistatin are encoded by orthologous genes

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. R1-R8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Tostivint ◽  
Lucille Joly ◽  
Isabelle Lihrmann ◽  
Marc Ekker ◽  
Hubert Vaudry
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Localization ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Hybrid Mapping ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Conserved Synteny ◽  
Orthologous Genes ◽  
Somatostatin 14

There is now evidence for the existence of two somatostatin genes in most vertebrate species, and even three somatostatin genes in teleosts. To help clarify the evolutionary relationships between the different somatostatin isoforms currently known, we characterized the somatostatin loci in a teleost species, the zebrafish Danio rerio, and compared them with the corresponding regions in the human and pufferfish genomes. The occurrence of three somatostatin genes, termed SS1, SS2 and SSII, has been previously demonstrated in the zebrafish. Radiation hybrid mapping assigned these three genes to linkage groups 15, 23 and 2, respectively. Conserved synteny of the zebrafish SS2 gene and the human cortistatin gene was revealed by comparative genomic analysis, indicating that mammalian cortistatin is orthologous to the SS2 variant of non-mammalian species. In contrast, using a similar approach, it was not possible to identify the evolutionary relationships between the atypical SSII gene of zebrafish and the other teleost SSII genes.

INEVITABILITY OF REVIVAL: PRO AND COUNTER ANTINATALISM

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Nikolay S. Savkin
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Arthur Schopenhauer ◽  
Expected Effect ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
Active Subject ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Natural Way

Introduction. Radical pessimism and militant anti-natalism of Arthur Schopenhauer and David Benathar create an optimistic philosophy of life, according to which life is not meaningless. It is given by nature in a natural way, and a person lives, studies, works, makes a career, achieves results, grows, develops. Being an active subject of his own social relations, a person does not refuse to continue the race, no matter what difficulties, misfortunes and sufferings would be experienced. Benathar convinces that all life is continuous suffering, and existence is constant dying. Therefore, it is better not to be born. Materials and Methods. As the main theoretical and methodological direction of research, the dialectical materialist and integrative approaches are used, the realization of which, in conjunction with the synergetic technique, provides a certain result: is convinced that the idea of anti-natalism is inadequate, the idea of giving up life. A systematic approach and a comprehensive assessment of the studied processes provide for the disclosure of the contradictory nature of anti-natalism. Results of the study are presented in the form of conclusions that human life is naturally given by nature itself. Instincts, needs, interests embodied in a person, stimulate to active actions, and he lives. But even if we finish off with all of humanity by agreement, then over time, according to the laws of nature and according to evolutionary theory, man will inevitably, objectively, and naturally reappear. Discussion and Conclusion. The expected effect of the idea of inevitability of rebirth can be the formation of an optimistic orientation of a significant part of the youth, the idea of continuing life and building happiness, development. As a social being, man is universal, and the awareness of this universality allows one to understand one’s purpose – continuous versatile development.

CONSERVATISM OF MIRNA BINDING SITE IN MRNA OF IGFBP3 GENE AND ITS ORTHOLOGOUS GENES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. AISINA ◽  
◽  
R. NIYAZOVA ◽  
S. ATAMBAYEVA ◽  
A. IVASHCHENKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Site ◽  
Mirna Binding Site ◽  
Orthologous Genes

Duality Myths

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Art ◽  
Split Brain ◽  
Dramatic Form ◽  
Natural Way

This chapter addresses the intuitive fascination of the split-brain phenomenon. According to what I call the standard explanation, it is because we ordinarily assume that people are psychologically unified, while split-brain subjects are not psychologically unified, which suggests that we might not be unified either. I offer a different interpretation. One natural way of grappling with people’s failures to conform to various assumptions we make about them is to conceptualize them as having multiple minds. Such multiple-minds models take their most dramatic form in narrative art as duality myths. The split-brain cases grip people in part because the subjects strike them as living embodiments of such myths.

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