scholarly journals Effect of Aspirin on Activities of Daily Living Disability in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn L Woods ◽  
Sara Espinoza ◽  
Le T P Thao ◽  
Michael E Ernst ◽  
Joanne Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Dose Aspirin ◽  
Low Dose Aspirin ◽  
Adl Disability ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Aspirin Group

Abstract Background Cerebrovascular events, dementia and cancer can contribute to physical disability with activities of daily living (ADL). It is unclear whether low-dose aspirin reduces this burden in aging populations. In a secondary analysis, we now examine aspirin’s effects on incident and persistent ADL disability within a primary prevention aspirin trial in community-dwelling older adults. Methods The ASPREE (ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly) trial of daily 100mg aspirin versus placebo recruited 19,114 healthy adults aged 70+ years (65+ years if U.S. minority) in Australia and the U.S. Six basic ADLs were assessed every six months. Incident ADL disability was defined as inability or severe difficulty with ≥1 ADL; persistence was confirmed if the same ADL disability remained after six months. Proportional hazards modelling compared time to incident or persistent ADL disability for aspirin versus placebo; death without prior disability was a competing risk. Results Over a median 4.7 years, incident ADL disability was similar in those receiving aspirin (776/9525) and placebo (787/9589) with walking, bathing, dressing and transferring the most commonly reported. Only 24% of incident ADL disability progressed to persistent. Persistent ADL disability was lower in the aspirin group (4.3 versus 5.3 events/1000py; HR=0.81, 95% CI:0.66-1.00), with bathing and dressing the most common ADL disabilities in both groups. Following persistent ADL disability there were more deaths in the aspirin group (24 versus 12). Discussion Low-dose aspirin in initially healthy older people did not reduce risk of incident ADL disability, although there was evidence of reduced persistent ADL disability.

scholarly journals The Location Learning Test-Revised is associated with informant-reported everyday functioning in a sample of community-dwelling older adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Thompson ◽  
Romola S Bucks ◽  
Michael Weinborn ◽  
Steven Paul Woods
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Object Location ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Ecological Relevance ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Learning Trials

Abstract Objective Object location learning and memory may be important for older adults to successfully complete some everyday activities. Method This cross-sectional, correlational study investigated the ecological relevance of the Location Learning Test-Revised (LLT-R) in 195 community-dwelling, older adults in Western Australia. The LLT-R assesses object location learning and memory for everyday objects over five learning trials and after a 30-min delay. Knowledgeable informants provided structured ratings of participants’ activities of daily living and memory symptoms. Results A greater number of errors on LLT-R total learning trials were associated with mild problems in activities of daily living (particularly in travel and household domains), but not with memory symptoms. The LLT-R’s association with activities of daily living was accompanied by a small-to-medium effect size and was not better explained by demographics, global cognitive functioning, mood, or chronic medical conditions. Conclusions Findings provide some support for the ecological relevance of the LLT-R among older community-dwelling adults and suggest that object location learning may play a role in some everyday functioning problems that accompany typical aging.

Racial and Sex Differences in Associations Between Activities of Daily Living and Cognition in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2174-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Garrett ◽  
Patricia Sawyer ◽  
Richard E. Kennedy ◽  
Dawn McGuire ◽  
Roger P. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Predictors of instrumental activities of daily living in community-dwelling older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham J. McDougall ◽  
Areum Han ◽  
Vincent S. Staggs ◽  
David K. Johnson ◽  
Joan M. McDowd
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Instrumental Activities ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

scholarly journals Longitudinal trajectory of disability in community-dwelling older adults: An observational cohort study in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae Reong Kim ◽  
Hea yon Lee ◽  
Yoonje Seong ◽  
Eunju Lee ◽  
Hee-Won Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Stable Group ◽  
Geriatric Conditions ◽  
Trajectory Method ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Disability, which is considered a health-related condition, increases care demands and socioeconomic burdens for both families and communities. To confirm the trend of dynamic longitudinal changes in disability, this study aims to explore how disability is divided by the trajectory method, which deals with time-sequenced data. Additionally, this study examines the differences in demographics, geriatric conditions, and time spent at home among the trajectory groups in community-dwelling older adults. Home time is defined as the period during which the participant was not in a hospital or health care facility during their lifetime. Methods Records of 786 community-dwelling older participants were analyzed from the Aging Study of PyeongChang Rural Area, a population-based cohort study that took place over three years. Using 7 domains of activities of daily living and 10 domains of instrumental activities of daily living, participants were grouped into no dependency (0 disabled domain), mild (1 disabled domain), and severe (2 or more disabled domains) disability groups. The longitudinal trajectory group of disability was calculated as a trajectory method. Three distinct trajectory groups were calculated over time: a relatively-stable group (78.5 %; n=617), a gradually-aggravated group (16.0 %; n=126), and a rapidly-deteriorated group (5.5 %; n=43). Results The average age of 786 participants was 73.3 years (SD: 5.8), and the percentage of females was 52.7%. It was found that 78.5% of participants showed relatively no dependence and 5.5% of older adults in a rural area showed severe dependence. Through applying the trajectory method, it was shown that the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score was 10.2 points in the relatively-stable group and 3.1 points in the rapidly-deteriorating group by the 3 rd year. Additionally, by the trajectory method, the rate of decrease in home time was 3.33% in the rapidly-deteriorated group compared to the relatively-stable group. Conclusions This study shows the difference in demographics and geriatric conditions (such as SPPB) through the examination of longitudinal trajectory groups of disability in community-dwelling older adults. Significant differences were also found in the amount of home time among the trajectory groups.

scholarly journals The effect of low-dose aspirin on frailty phenotype and frailty index in community-dwelling older adults in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara E Espinoza ◽  
Robyn L Woods ◽  
A R M Saifuddin Ekram ◽  
Michael E Ernst ◽  
Galina Polekhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Study Endpoint ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Dose Aspirin ◽  
Low Dose Aspirin

Abstract BACKGROUND Frailty is associated with chronic inflammation, which may be modified by aspirin. The purpose of this study was to determine whether low dose aspirin reduces incident frailty in healthy older adult participants of the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial. METHODS In the U.S and Australia, 19,114 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥70 years (U.S minorities ≥65 years) and free of overt cardiovascular disease, persistent physical disability, and dementia, were enrolled in ASPREE, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 100mg daily aspirin versus placebo. Frailty, a pre-specified study endpoint, was defined according to a modified Fried frailty definition (Fried frailty) and the frailty index based on the deficit accumulation model (frailty index). Competing risk Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare time to incident frailty by aspirin versus placebo. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to include frailty data with and without imputation of missing data. RESULTS Over a median 4.7 years, 2252 participants developed incident Fried frailty, and 4451 had incident frailty according to the frailty index. Compared with placebo, aspirin treatment did not alter the risk of incident frailty (Fried frailty HR: 1.04, 95% CI 0.96-1.13; frailty index HR: 1.03, 95% CI 0.97-1.09). The proportion of individuals classified as frail, and the trajectory in continuous frailty scores over time, were not different between the aspirin and placebo treatment groups. The results were consistent across a series of subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Low dose aspirin use in healthy older adults when initiated in older ages does not reduce risk of incident frailty or the trajectory of frailty.

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