Associations between 20-year lipid variability throughout young adulthood and midlife cognitive function and brain integrity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri ◽  
Michelle R Caunca ◽  
Neal Jawadekar ◽  
Leslie Grasset ◽  
Tali Elfassy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Young Cohort ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Total Brain

Abstract Background Little is known about long-term lipid variability in young adulthood in relation to cognitive function and brain integrity in midlife. Methods We studied 3,328 adults from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults. We defined low- and high- density lipoprotein (LDL, HDL) variability as the intra-individual standard deviation of lipid measurements over 20 years of young adulthood (1985–2005). Cognitive tests were administered in 2010. Brain scans were performed in 2010 on 714 participants. To facilitate comparison, cognitive tests and brain metrics were z-scored. Results Mean age at baseline was 25.4 years. Higher 20-year LDL variability was associated with worse verbal memory in midlife (β=-0.25, 95% CI [-0.42, -0.08]), adjusted for important covariates. Higher 20-year HDL variability was associated with worse processing speed in midlife (β=-0.80, 95% CI [-1.18, -0.41]) and brain integrity, e.g. smaller total brain volume (β=-0.58, 95% CI [-0.82, -0.34]) and worse total brain fractional anisotropy (β=-1.13, 95% CI [-1.87, -0.39]). Conclusions Higher long-term lipid variability in adulthood was associated with worse cognition and brain integrity in midlife, in a relatively young cohort.

Abstract 26: Long-term Blood Pressure Variability though Young Adulthood and Cognitive Function in Midlife; The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Yano ◽  
Hongyan Ning ◽  
Norrina Allen ◽  
Jared P. Reis ◽  
Kiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
Short Term

Background: Blood pressure variability (BPV) consists of short-term BPV (e.g., diurnal BPV) and long-term BPV (e.g., visit-to-visit BPV). The prospective association of long-term BPV though young adulthood with cognition in midlife is unknown. Methods: CARDIA is a multicenter community-based study that included participants (ppts) aged 18 to 30 years at baseline (Year 0: Y 0 ) in 1985-86 with follow-up examinations at Y 2 , Y 5 , Y 7 , Y 10 , Y 15 , Y 20 , and Y 25 . BP was measured at each exam, and visit-to-visit BPV was assessed by standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), maximum minus minimum BP difference (MMD), and average real variability (ARV) across 7 visits (Y 0-20 ). Cognitive function was assessed at Y 25 by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST, a measure of psychomotor speed; n=2,318), the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT, a measure of short-term verbal memory; n=2,321), and the modified Stroop test (executive function; n=2,307). We performed separate multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, and also adjusted for baseline BP (Y 0 ), change of BP (Y 20 -Y 0 ), or cumulative BP from Y 0 to Y 20 (mmHg х year) to determine whether BPV is associated with cognition independent of long-term BP level. Results: At the Y 25 examination, included ppts had a mean age of 50 years, 57% were women and 43% were black. BPV measured by higher SD and ARV in both systolic and diastolic BP was significantly associated with lower DSST and lower RAVLT. SD and ARV remained significant even after further adjustment for baseline BP, change of BP, or cumulative BP (Table). Measures of BPV were not associated with the Stroop test. Associations between the CV and MMD measures of BPV with cognitive function were similar to those of SD (not shown). Conclusions: Long-term BPV over 20-years through young adulthood is associated with worse psychomotor speed and verbal memory in midlife, independent of BP levels. These results may have implications for understanding the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction in older adults.

Lifestyle Habits of Senior Executives and Implications for Cognitive Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Sharon McDowell-Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Senior Executives ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Health Leadership ◽  
Males And Females

Lifestyle behaviors such as exercise, diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption can profoundly affect long-term health outcomes like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer as well as acute and long-term cognitive function. for those in leadership roles, stamina, a baseline level of good health, and optimal cognitive function are important for leadership performance and sustainability. The purpose of this study is to describe various biometric markers and lifestyle behaviors of senior level executives and the implications for health, leadership, and brain function. Data were collected from male (n = 2925) and female (n = 574) executives who attended the Leadership at the Peak (LaP) course at the Center for Creative Leadership (CCL) between November 2007 and July 2018  fifty-two percent of male participants and 48% of female participants were maintenance exercisers. only 2.2% of males and 0.7% of females were current smokers. average servings of alcohol per week were 5.6 and 4.5 for males and females, respectively. However, 23% of executives reported drinking little to no alcohol. The average number of hours of sleep per week was 6.6 hours for both male and female executives. On average, executives were slightly overweight with an average body fat percentage of 22.6% for males and 30.1% for females and an average waist circumference of 82.7 cm and 97.5 cm for males and females, respectively. Non-high-density lipoprotein levels were above ideal at 138.3 mg/dL for males and 125.2 mg/dL for females. Daily servings of fruit and vegetable consumption was less than ideal, averaging 4.7 servings a day for females and 3.7 servings for males. Overall, senior executives are healthier than the average american; however, given that their jobs are cognitively demanding, strategies such as eating more nutrient-rich plant foods and getting adequatesleep and regular exercise are increasingly important.

scholarly journals Intake of Vegetables and Fruits Through Young Adulthood Is Associated with Better Cognitive Function in Midlife in the US General Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (8) ◽  
pp. 1424-1433
Author(s):  
Xuanxia Mao ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Pengcheng Xun ◽  
Martha L Daviglus ◽  
Lyn M Steffen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

ABSTRACT Background Vegetables and fruits (VF) may differentially affect cognitive functions, presumably due to their various nutrient contents, but evidence from epidemiologic studies is limited. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the long-term association between VF intakes, including VF subgroups, in young adulthood and cognitive function in midlife. Methods A biracial cohort of 3231 men and women aged 18–30 y at baseline in 1985–1986 were followed up for 25 y in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Diet was measured at baseline, and in examination years 7 and 20. Cognitive function was assessed at examination year 25 through the use of 3 tests: the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and the Stroop test. The mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs in cognitive scores across intake categories were estimated through the use of the multivariable-adjusted general linear regression model. Results Excluding potatoes, intake of whole vegetables was significantly associated with a better cognitive performance after adjustment for potential confounders in all 3 cognitive tests (quintile 5 compared with quintile 1—RAVLT, MD: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.64; P-trend = 0.08; DSST, MD: 2.84; 95% CI: 0.93, 4.75; P-trend < 0.01; Stroop test, MD: −2.87; 95% CI: −4.24, −1.50; P-trend < 0.01]. Similarly, intake of fruits, except fruit juices, was significantly related to a better cognitive performance (quintile 5 compared with quintile 1—DSST, MD: 2.41; 95% CI: 0.70, 4.12; P-trend = 0.03). Conclusions This study supports the long-term benefits of VF consumption on cognitive performance, except those VF with relatively low fiber content such as potatoes and fruit juices, among the middle-aged US general population.

Is Total Brain Volume Correlated to Cognitive Function and Education in Patients with Alzheimer Disease?

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Papapostolou ◽  
F. Goutsaridou ◽  
M. Arvaniti ◽  
M. Emmanouilidou ◽  
G. Tezapsidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Total Brain

Long-term cognitive function following chemotherapy in patients with testicular cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDERS DEGN PEDERSEN ◽  
PHILIP ROSSEN ◽  
MIMI YUNG MEHLSEN ◽  
CHRISTINA GUNDGAARD PEDERSEN ◽  
ROBERT ZACHARIAE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Chemotherapy Patients

AbstractCancer patients frequently report cognitive complaints following chemotherapy, but the results from the available studies, mainly of women with breast cancer, are inconsistent. Our aim was to compare cognitive function of men with testicular cancer (TC) who had orchiectomy and chemotherapy (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin) with men who had orchiectomy only or orchiectomy and radiotherapy. Thirty-six chemotherapy patients and 36 nonchemotherapy patients were tested 2–7 years after treatment for TC with standardized neuropsychological tests. Chemotherapy and nonchemotherapy patients displayed similar performances on cognitive tests (p values adjusted for multiple comparisons: .63–1.00). Moreover, there was no difference in the proportion of cognitively impaired patients in the chemotherapy group (5.6%) compared to the nonchemotherapy group (8.3%) (χ2 = 0.22, p = .64). Our results are discordant with previous findings indicating cognitive impairment following chemotherapy and suggest that TC patients do not need to fear long-term cognitive consequences following chemotherapy. (JINS, 2009, 15, 296–301.)

scholarly journals Long-Term Increase in Cholesterol Is Associated With Better Cognitive Function: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huamin Liu ◽  
Lianwu Zou ◽  
Rui Zhou ◽  
Minyi Zhang ◽  
Shanyuan Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Background: Higher visit-to-visit cholesterol has been associated with cognitive decline. However, the association between long-term increase or decrease in cholesterol and cognitive decline remains unclear.Methods: A total of 4,915 participants aged ≥45 years with normal cognition in baseline were included. The participants were divided into four groups, namely low–low, low–high, high–low, and high–high, according to the diagnostic thresholds of total cholesterol (TC), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (NHDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) after 4 years of follow-up. Cognitive function was assessed by episodic memory and mental intactness. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the association of cholesterol variation with cognitive decline.Results: Among the participants, 979 (19.9%) experienced global cognitive decline. The odds ratio (OR) of global cognitive and memory function decline were remarkably lower in participants in the low–high NHDL-C group than those in the low–low group [OR and 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50 [0.26–0.95] for global cognitive decline, 0.45 [0.25–0.82] for memory function decline]. The lower OR was also significant in females (OR [95% CI]: 0.38 [0.17–0.87] for global cognitive decline; 0.44 [0.19–0.97] for memory function decline) and participants without cardiovascular disease (OR [95% CI]: 0.31 [0.11–0.87] for global cognitive decline; 0.34 [0.14–0.83] for memory function decline). The increases in other cholesterol were also negatively associated with the risk of cognitive decline although not significantly.Conclusions: A longitudinal increase in NHDL-C may be protective for cognition in females or individuals without cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Renal Function and Long-Term Decline in Cognitive Function: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Seliger ◽  
Carrington R. Wendell ◽  
Shari R. Waldstein ◽  
Luigi Ferrucci ◽  
Alan B. Zonderman
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study

Background: Renal disease has been associated with greater risk of dementia and greater cognitive impairment. However, the relationship of lower renal function with long-term decline in specific domains of cognitive function remains unclear among community-dwelling, non-demented individuals. Methods: Stroke- and dementia-free participants (n = 2,116) were enrolled in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, a community-based, prospective, longitudinal study. Renal function was estimated by the inverse of serum creatinine adjusted for age, sex and race and (in sensitivity analyses) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the MDRD formula. Outcome measures were changes in scores on 6 cognitive tests encompassing a range of cognitive functions, measured at 2-year intervals. Mixed-effects regression models examined the longitudinal relations of renal function with cognitive functions after adjusting for demographics, comorbidity and other potential confounders. Results: Mean age at initial testing was 53.9 years (SD 17.1), and 94 participants (4.4%) had an eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 18.5% had at least one comorbidity. With increasing age, longitudinal increases in creatinine concentrations were associated with more rapid decline in performance on several cognitive measures, including the learning slope of the California Verbal Learning Test, a test of verbal learning (p < 0.01), and the Benton Visual Retention Test, a test of visual memory (p < 0.01). Associations were similar for changes in eGFRMDRD, which was also associated with the rate of decline in verbal memory. Conclusion: In a community-based adult population, declines in renal function independently associated with greater long-term declines in visual memory and verbal memory and learning.

scholarly journals Residual Negative Symptoms Differentiate Cognitive Performance in Clinically Stable Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Krishnadas ◽  
Seethalakshmi Ramanathan ◽  
Eugene Wong ◽  
Ajita Nayak ◽  
Brian Moore
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
The Difference

Cognitive deficits in various domains have been shown in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The purpose of the present study was to examine if residual psychopathology explained the difference in cognitive function between clinically stable patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We compared the performance on tests of attention, visual and verbal memory, and executive function of 25 patients with schizophrenia in remission and 25 euthymic bipolar disorder patients with that of 25 healthy controls. Mediation analysis was used to see if residual psychopathology could explain the difference in cognitive function between the patient groups. Both patient groups performed significantly worse than healthy controls on most cognitive tests. Patients with bipolar disorder displayed cognitive deficits that were milder but qualitatively similar to those of patients with schizophrenia. Residual negative symptoms mediated the difference in performance on cognitive tests between the two groups. Neither residual general psychotic symptoms nor greater antipsychotic doses explained this relationship. The shared variance explained by the residual negative and cognitive deficits that the difference between patient groups may be explained by greater frontal cortical neurophysiological deficits in patients with schizophrenia, compared to bipolar disorder. Further longitudinal work may provide insight into pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie these deficits.

scholarly journals Could infarct location predict the long-term functional outcome in childhood arterial ischemic stroke?

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 692-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio López-Espejo ◽  
Marta Hernández-Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Arterial Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Total Brain

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the influence of infarct location on long-term functional outcome following a first-ever arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in non-neonate children. Method: The MRIs of 39 children with AIS (median age 5.38 years; 36% girls; mean follow-up time 5.87 years) were prospectively evaluated. Infarct location was classified as the absence or presence of subcortical involvement. Functional outcome was measured using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) for children after the follow-up assessment. We utilized multivariate logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for the outcome while adjusting for age, sex, infarct size and middle cerebral artery territory involvement (significance < 0.05). Results: Both infarcts ≥ 4% of total brain volume (OR 9.92; CI 1.76 – 55.9; p 0.009) and the presence of subcortical involvement (OR 8.36; CI 1.76 – 53.6; p 0.025) independently increased the risk of marked functional impairment (mRS 3 to 5). Conclusion: Infarct extension and location can help predict the extent of disability after childhood AIS.

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