scholarly journals CT muscle density, D3Cr muscle mass and body fat associations with physical performance, mobility outcomes and mortality risk in older men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Orwoll ◽  
Terri Blackwell ◽  
Steven R Cummings ◽  
Jane A Cauley ◽  
Nancy E Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Muscle Density ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Background Muscle mass declines with age, while body adiposity increases. Sarcopenic obesity has been proposed to be particularly deleterious. However, previous methods for estimating muscle mass have been inadequate, and the relative contributions of total body fat vs. muscle fat to adverse outcomes have been unclear. Methods In a large cohort of older men (N= 1017), we measured muscle mass (D3 creatine dilution), muscle density (high resolution peripheral computed tomography in the diaphyseal tibia) as a proxy of muscle fat, and total body fat (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry). We examined their associations with physical performance (walking speed, grip strength, chair stand time), the risk of mobility outcomes (mobility limitations, mobility disability), and the risk of death over ~5 years. Results In combined models, lower muscle mass and muscle density were independently associated with worse physical performance and the risk of adverse outcomes, while total body fat was minimally related to physical performance and not related to mobility outcomes or mortality. For example, the relative risks for mortality per 1 standardized unit increase in muscle density, muscle mass, and total body fat were 0.84 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.70), 0.70 (0.57, 0.86), and 0.90 (0.64, 1.25), respectively. Conclusions Muscle mass and muscle density were associated with physical performance and adverse outcomes, and had independent, additive effects. There was little additional contribution of total body fat.

scholarly journals Physical Factors in Age-Related Physical Performance Decline in Older Adults at Lembaga Lansia Indonesia, West Java Branch

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
Vitriana ◽  
Irma Ruslina Defi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
West Java ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

The aging process is associated with increased body fat and decreased muscle mass and strength in older adults. This condition is frequently associated with loss of mobility and functions. This study aimed to explore the relationship between physical performance and handgrip strength, body composition, and anthropometry in community-dwelling older adults living in Bandung, West Java Province, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was performed from December 2015 to June 2016 on community-dwelling older adults above 60 years old who were the members of the West Java Branch of Lembaga Lansia Indonesia, Indonesia, with the ability to walk without an assistive device and to perform hand grip properly as an additional inclusion criterion. Subjects were excluded if they experienced severe cardiorespiratory or vascular abnormalities, used artificial implants, underwent hormone therapy, and had any disease that would affect the accuracy of the variable measurement. A total of 106 subjects (60-85 years old) participated in this study. A significant negative correlation between total body fat and physical performance and a positive correlation between handgrip strength to physical performance were observed among subjects. However, no correlation was found between the anthropometric measurement and physical performance. The total body fat percentage, muscle mass index, and handgrip strength correlate significantly to the physical performance in older adults and may be used as a good indicator to preserve physical function and quality of life in the elderly.

scholarly journals Fat Modulates the Relationship between Sarcopenia and Physical Function in Nonobese Older Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin L. Marcus ◽  
Diana I. Brixner ◽  
Sameer Ghate ◽  
Paul LaStayo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

It is intuitive to think that sarcopenia should be associated with declines in physical function though recent evidence questions this assertion. This study investigated the relationship between absolute and relative sarcopenia, with physical performance in 202 nonobese (mean BMI=26.6 kg/ht2) community-dwelling older (mean age =73.8±5.9years) adults. While absolute sarcopenia (appendicular skeletal mass (ASM)/ht2) was either not associated, or weakly associated with physical performance, relative sarcopenia (ASM/kg) demonstrated moderate (r=0.31tor=0.51,P<0.01) relationships with performance outcomes in both males and females. Knee extension strength (r=0.27) and leg extension power (r=0.41) were both related to absolute sarcopenia (P<0.001) in females and not in males. Strength and power were associated with relative sarcopenia in both sexes (fromr=0.47tor=0.67, P<0.001). The ratio of lean mass to total body mass, that is, relative sarcopenia, is an important consideration relative to physical function in older adults even in the absence of obesity. Stratifying these individuals into equal tertiles of total body fat revealed a trend of diminished regression coefficients across each incrementally higher fat grouping for performance measures, providing further evidence that total body fat modulates the relationship between sarcopenia and physical function.

scholarly journals The Importance of Muscle Versus Fat Mass in Sarcopenic Obesity: A Re-evaluation Using D3-Creatine Muscle Mass Versus DXA Lean Mass Measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1362-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric S Orwoll ◽  
Katherine E Peters ◽  
Marc Hellerstein ◽  
Steven R Cummings ◽  
William J Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Injurious Falls ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background The combination of sarcopenia and obesity has been associated with physical impairment in older people. However, previous research has relied on assessments of lean mass as a surrogate for muscle mass. We postulate that inaccurate measures of muscle mass may have obscured the role of obesity in sarcopenia and related outcomes. Our aim was to clarify the interactions of muscle and fat with physical performance and adverse outcomes using an accurate measure of muscle mass. Methods In a longitudinal study of &gt;1,300 older men (mean age 84 years), we compared a direct measurement of muscle mass (D3 creatine dilution; D3Cr) with an approximation of muscle mass (appendicular lean mass [ALM] by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry [DXA]) and their associations with measures of physical performance (gait speed, chair stand time) and adverse outcomes (incident injurious falls and mobility problems). We measured percent fat mass by DXA. Results Low D3Cr muscle mass was strongly associated with decreased performance and increased risk of adverse outcomes. Increased fat mass had little association after accounting for D3Cr muscle mass. In contrast, DXA ALM was minimally associated with performance or adverse outcomes, and fatness remained associated with both outcomes after accounting for DXA ALM. Conclusions When an accurate assessment of muscle mass (rather than lean mass) is used, reduced muscle mass is highly associated with important outcomes and the negative effects of adiposity are minimal, suggesting that obesity has little relevance for the understanding of important adverse health outcomes of sarcopenia in older men.

Rates of free fatty acid appearance and fat oxidation in healthy younger and older men

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 506-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Toth ◽  
P. J. Arciero ◽  
A. W. Gardner ◽  
J. Calles-Escandon ◽  
E. T. Poehlman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Total Body

Alterations in the mobilization and oxidation of fat may partially account for age-related alterations in body composition. To investigate age-related alterations in fat metabolism, we compared basal rate of appearance of free fatty acids (FFAapp) and total body fat oxidation as measured by infusions of [14C] palmitate and indirect calorimetry, respectively, in 18 younger (23 +/- 1 yr) and 30 older (69 +/- 1 yr) men. We also examined whether age-related differences in body composition, body fat distribution, peak oxygen consumption, dietary intake, and/or fasting insulin levels may explain age-related variation in FFAapp and total body fat oxidation. The FFAapp showed a tendency to be higher in older compared with younger men (1,134 +/- 184 vs. 680 +/- 105 mu mol/min; P = 0.07), whereas total body fat oxidation was similar between groups (257 +/- 25 vs. 222 +/- 9 mu mol/min). The estimated rate of nonoxidative disposal of free fatty acids showed a tendency to be higher in the older (913 +/- 182 mu mol/min) than in younger men (423 +/- 103 mu mol/min; P = 0.06). Fat-free mass was the most significant predictor of FFAapp in younger (r = 0.63; P < 0.01) and older (r = 0.41; P < 0.05) men. These results suggest that older men recruit fatty acids from adipose tissue stores in excess of the energy needs of respiring tissue. However, variation in FFAapp between the age groups could not be explained by differences in body habitus or fasting insulin levels.

Interrelationships of serum testosterone and free testosterone index with FFM and strength in aging men

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (2) ◽  
pp. E284-E294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Ann Roy ◽  
Marc R. Blackman ◽  
S. Mitchell Harman ◽  
Jordan D. Tobin ◽  
Matthew Schrager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Aging Men ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Muscle mass and strength losses during aging may be associated with declining levels of serum testosterone (T) in men. Few studies have shown a direct relationship between T and muscle mass and strength. Subjects were 262 men, aged 24–90 yr, from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, who had T and sex hormone-binding globulin sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) measurements, from which the free T index (FTI) was calculated (T/SHBG) from serum samples collected longitudinally since 1963, total body fat mass and arm and leg fat-free mass (FFM) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and arm and leg strength by dynanomometry. Mixed-effects models estimated T and FTI at the time of mass and strength measurements. Age, total body fat, arm and leg FFM, T, and FTI were significantly associated with concentric and eccentric strength. FTI, not T, was modestly, but directly, related to arm and leg strength after fat, arm and leg FFM, height, and age were accounted for and indirectly through body mass. FTI is a better predictor of arm and leg strength than T in aging men.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Serum Lipoprotein (a) And Sarcopenia In Elderly

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-jie Xu ◽  
Ling-shan Zhou ◽  
Qian Xiao ◽  
Jin-liang Chen ◽  
Cheng Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass

Abstract Background: Examine the association of serum Lp(a) with sarcopenia in Chinese elderly.Methods: We conducted this study using 2015–2020 data from hospitalized Chinese people 60 years old and older. Total body fat percentage and appendicular skeletal muscle mass were assessed with a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. We classified the participants into four sarcopenia/obesity groups based on both total body fat percentage and appendicular skeletal muscle mass.Results: The analysis included data of 528 participants. the LP(a) level of sarcopenia was significantly higher than no sarcopenia, compared with obese or no obese groups. Furthermore, In the sarcopenic obesity group, the LP(a) level was highest. Correlation analysis showed that ASM/height2 was negatively correlated with LP(a). Logistic regression analysis showed that sarcopenia was positively associated with LP(a).Conclusions: Our study shows that sarcopenia appeared to be significantly associated with Lp(a) no matter the subjects had obesity or not.

Total body fat content and fat topography are associated differently with in vivo glucose metabolism in nonobese and obese nondiabetic women

Diabetes ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bonora ◽  
S. Del Prato ◽  
R. C. Bonadonna ◽  
G. Gulli ◽  
A. Solini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Leptin: a significant indicator of total body fat but not of visceral fat and insulin insensitivity in African-American women

Diabetes ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1635-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dua ◽  
M. I. Hennes ◽  
R. G. Hoffmann ◽  
D. L. Maas ◽  
G. R. Krakower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
American Women ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Insulin Insensitivity
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