scholarly journals Physical Factors in Age-Related Physical Performance Decline in Older Adults at Lembaga Lansia Indonesia, West Java Branch

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
Vitriana ◽  
Irma Ruslina Defi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
West Java ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

The aging process is associated with increased body fat and decreased muscle mass and strength in older adults. This condition is frequently associated with loss of mobility and functions. This study aimed to explore the relationship between physical performance and handgrip strength, body composition, and anthropometry in community-dwelling older adults living in Bandung, West Java Province, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was performed from December 2015 to June 2016 on community-dwelling older adults above 60 years old who were the members of the West Java Branch of Lembaga Lansia Indonesia, Indonesia, with the ability to walk without an assistive device and to perform hand grip properly as an additional inclusion criterion. Subjects were excluded if they experienced severe cardiorespiratory or vascular abnormalities, used artificial implants, underwent hormone therapy, and had any disease that would affect the accuracy of the variable measurement. A total of 106 subjects (60-85 years old) participated in this study. A significant negative correlation between total body fat and physical performance and a positive correlation between handgrip strength to physical performance were observed among subjects. However, no correlation was found between the anthropometric measurement and physical performance. The total body fat percentage, muscle mass index, and handgrip strength correlate significantly to the physical performance in older adults and may be used as a good indicator to preserve physical function and quality of life in the elderly.

scholarly journals Fat Modulates the Relationship between Sarcopenia and Physical Function in Nonobese Older Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin L. Marcus ◽  
Diana I. Brixner ◽  
Sameer Ghate ◽  
Paul LaStayo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

It is intuitive to think that sarcopenia should be associated with declines in physical function though recent evidence questions this assertion. This study investigated the relationship between absolute and relative sarcopenia, with physical performance in 202 nonobese (mean BMI=26.6 kg/ht2) community-dwelling older (mean age =73.8±5.9years) adults. While absolute sarcopenia (appendicular skeletal mass (ASM)/ht2) was either not associated, or weakly associated with physical performance, relative sarcopenia (ASM/kg) demonstrated moderate (r=0.31tor=0.51,P<0.01) relationships with performance outcomes in both males and females. Knee extension strength (r=0.27) and leg extension power (r=0.41) were both related to absolute sarcopenia (P<0.001) in females and not in males. Strength and power were associated with relative sarcopenia in both sexes (fromr=0.47tor=0.67, P<0.001). The ratio of lean mass to total body mass, that is, relative sarcopenia, is an important consideration relative to physical function in older adults even in the absence of obesity. Stratifying these individuals into equal tertiles of total body fat revealed a trend of diminished regression coefficients across each incrementally higher fat grouping for performance measures, providing further evidence that total body fat modulates the relationship between sarcopenia and physical function.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Differences in the Effect of Free Testosterone on Sarcopenia Components in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung Eun Shin ◽  
Jeremy D. Walston ◽  
Miji Kim ◽  
Chang Won Won
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

ObjectiveThe association of free testosterone (FT) with sarcopenia and its components is well known in men but incompletely understood in women. We examined the association of baseline FT with the prevalence and incidence of sarcopenia and its components in community-dwelling older adults.DesignCross-sectional and longitudinal analysis from the prospective population-based Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study.MethodsA total of 1,879 community-dwelling older adults aged 70–84 years were enrolled for cross-sectional analysis and 1,583 subjects who participated in the 2-year follow-up survey were included for longitudinal analysis. Baseline FT levels was measured by radioimmunoassay. Skeletal muscle mass, handgrip strength, and physical performance tests were measured at baseline and after 2-year follow-up. Sarcopenia was defined by the diagnostic criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS).ResultsContinuous FT levels was positively associated with the prevalence of sarcopenia in men (odds ratio [OR]=0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.89–1.00)] and women (OR=0.64, 95% CI=0.42–0.99) after adjusting for multiple confounders. In prospective analysis, low FT levels was associated with a decrease in handgrip strength in women (β=-0.61; p=0.010) and a reduction in Timed “Up and Go” (TUG) test (β=0.53; p=0.008) in men after 2 years. No significant correlations were found between FT levels and the incidence of sarcopenia.ConclusionsLow levels of FT may be a significant determinant of decreases in muscle strength in women and declines in physical performance in men after 2 years. Low FT do not predict loss of muscle mass in both men and women.

scholarly journals Nutritional Intervention to Prevent the Functional Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2820
Author(s):  
Julie Mareschal ◽  
Laurence Genton ◽  
Tinh-Hai Collet ◽  
Christophe Graf
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Aging is a global public health concern. From the age of 50, muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance tend to decline. Sarcopenia and frailty are frequent in community-dwelling older adults and are associated with negative outcomes such as physical disability and mortality. Therefore, the identification of therapeutic strategies to prevent and fight sarcopenia and frailty is of great interest. This systematic review aims to summarize the impact of nutritional interventions alone or combined with other treatment(s) in older community-dwelling adults on (1) the three indicators of sarcopenia, i.e., muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance; and (2) the hospitalization and readmission rates. The literature search was performed on Medline and included studies published between January 2010 and June 2020. We included randomized controlled trials of nutritional intervention alone or combined with other treatment(s) in community-living subjects aged 65 or older. In total, 28 articles were retained in the final analysis. This systematic review highlights the importance of a multimodal approach, including at least a combined nutritional and exercise intervention, to improve muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance, in community-dwelling older adults but especially in frail and sarcopenic subjects. Regarding hospitalization and readmission rate, data were limited and inconclusive. Future studies should continue to investigate the effects of such interventions in this population.

scholarly journals 88 Prospective Association of Obesity and Falls among Malaysian Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv18-iv27
Author(s):  
Sheng Hui Kioh ◽  
Sumaiyah Mat ◽  
Phyo Myint ◽  
Shahrul B Kamaruzzaman ◽  
Maw Pin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Waist Hip Ratio ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Association ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Cross-sectional studies linking the association between obesity and falls are limited and their results are somewhat conflicting. The inconsistent evidence between obesity and falls could be explained by the utilization of different measures of obesity including BMI, WC, waist hip ratio (WHR) and percentage body fat (%BF) in different studies. Aims To examine the prospective association between various measures of obesity and falls among community-dwelling older adults. Methods We utilized data from the wave 1 and wave 2 of the Malaysian Elder’s Longitudinal Research Study (MELoR). Basic demographic characteristics, medical history, lifestyle factors and falls history in preceding 12 months was recorded by computer assisted questionnaire in participant’s home while anthropometric measurements, body composition assessments and physical performance were collected at the hospital during a hospital check-up at baseline. The main exposure variables were increased body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist hip ratio (WHR) and percentage body fat (%BF) and the main outcome was self-report falls in the preceding 12 months at time of follow-up. Results Among 746 participants at baseline and follow-up (mean age 68.9 ± 7.3 years, old, 56.7% women), 150(20.1%) individuals had ≥1 time of fall at follow-up. No differences in mean age and proportion of men and women among fallers and non-fallers. However, fallers were found to have higher WHR, lower percentage muscle mass and performed poorer in physical performance (p-value&lt;0.01). Of the four obesity indicators, higher WHR at baseline was associated with increased risk of fall 12 months later even after adjustment for all potential confounders (aOR= 2.01; 95%CI= 1.26-3.18). Conclusions In conclusion, our findings suggest that WHR is the measure of adiposity most likely to differentiate fallers from non-fallers prospectively. Future studies should evaluate the mechanisms underlying the increased risk of falls associated with increased WHR.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults in Ireland: comparison of EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 definitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caoileann Murphy ◽  
Aoibheann McMorrow ◽  
Ellen Flanagan ◽  
Helen Cummins ◽  
Sinead McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
European Working ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

AbstractSarcopenia is a muscle disease rooted in adverse muscle changes that accrue across a lifetime. It is an independent risk factor for numerous adverse health outcomes. In 2010, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) published a definition for the identification of people with sarcopenia (EWGSOP1). In 2018, this definition was updated based on the newest evidence (EWGSOP2), with the focus now on low muscle strength rather than low muscle quantity as the key characteristic of sarcopenia. In addition, EWGSOP2 provides clear cut-off points for measurements of variables that identify sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults in Ireland for the first time and to assess agreement between the EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 definitions. In a cross-sectional analysis, 490 community-dwelling adults (age 78.4 ± 8.0 y, body mass index 27.6 ± 5.1 kg/m2) were assessed. Skeletal muscle mass was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis, muscle strength was measured via handgrip dynamometry and physical performance via the Short Physical Performance Battery. Sarcopenia was defined according to both the 2010 criteria (EWGSOP1) and the updated 2018 criteria (EWGSOP2). Using the EWGSOP1 criteria, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 7.1% (2.6% sarcopenia, 4.5% severe sarcopenia) and 3.6% were classified as pre-sarcopenic (low muscle mass without a decrement in strength or physical performance). Using the EWGSOP2 criteria, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 5.5% (1.6% sarcopenia, 3.9% severe sarcopenia) and 23.4 % were classified as having low strength but without a decrement in muscle mass. Five of the participants who were classified as sarcopenic (2 sarcopenia, 3 severe sarcopenia) by EWGSOP1 were classified as “normal” using the EWGSOP2 criteria. In conclusion, the prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults in Ireland is in line with the prevalence reported in other European countries using the EWGSOP1 criteria (3.3–11.4 %). To our knowledge this is the first study to compare the prevalence based on the EWGSOP1 and the EWGSOP2 criteria. We report a slightly lower prevalence using the EWGSOP2 definition compared to the EWGSOP1 definition. Importantly however, in contrast to EWGSOP1, the EWGSOP2 definition identified a substantial proportion of older adults with poor strength in the absence of overt sarcopenia (23.4%). These older adults represent a group who would benefit from further clinical investigation and intervention.

scholarly journals Associations of sarcopenia components with physical activity and nutrition in Australian older adults performing exercise training

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Akehurst ◽  
David Scott ◽  
Juan Peña Rodriguez ◽  
Carol Alonso Gonzalez ◽  
Jasmaine Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go

Abstract Background The risk of progressive declines in skeletal muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia, increases with age, physical inactivity and poor diet. The purpose of this study was to explore and compare associations of sarcopenia components with self-reported physical activity and nutrition in older adults participating in resistance training at Helsinki University Research [HUR] and conventional gyms for over a year, once a week, on average. Methods The study looked at differences between HUR (n = 3) and conventional (n = 1) gyms. Muscle strength (via handgrip strength and chair stands), appendicular lean mass (ALM; via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and physical performance (via gait speed over a 4-m distance, short physical performance battery, timed up and go and 400-m walk tests) were evaluated in 80 community-dwelling older adults (mean ± SD 76.5 ± 6.5 years). Pearson correlations explored associations for sarcopenia components with self-reported physical activity (via Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly [PASE]) and nutrition (via Australian Eating Survey). Results No differences in PASE and the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) were observed between HUR and conventional gyms, however HUR gym participants had a significantly higher self-reported protein intake (108 ± 39 g vs 88 ± 27 g; p = 0.029) and a trend to have higher energy intake (9698 ± 3006 kJ vs 8266 ± 2904 kJ; p = 0.055). In both gym groups, gait speed was positively associated with self-reported physical activity (r = 0.275; p = 0.039 and r = 0.423; p = 0.044 for HUR and conventional gyms, respectively). ALM was positively associated with protein (p = 0.047, r = 0.418) and energy (p = 0.038, r = 0.435) intake in the conventional gym group. Similar associations were observed for ALM/h2 in the HUR group. None of the sarcopenia components were associated with ARFS in either gym group. Conclusion Older adults attending HUR and conventional gyms had similar self-reported function and nutrition (but not protein intake). Inadequate physical activity was associated with low gait speed and inadequate nutrition and low protein ingestion associated with low lean mas, even in older adults participating in exercise programs. Optimal physical activity and nutrition are important for maintaining muscle mass and function in older adults.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Mass and Higher-Level Functional Capacity in Female Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6692
Author(s):  
Shuichi Wakayama ◽  
Yoshihiko Fujita ◽  
Keisuke Fujii ◽  
Takeshi Sasaki ◽  
Hiroshi Yuine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Female Community ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Purpose: In this study, our purpose was to examine the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and higher-level functional capacity in female community-dwelling older adults. Participant(s) and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we targeted 55 female community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above participating in long-term care prevention classes in Ibaraki Prefecture between 2018 and 2020. We excluded individuals with cognitive impairment and those judged as having sarcopenia. The variables of interest included age, height, weight, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), handgrip strength, step count, and family structure. We calculated the SMI by dividing the extremities’ total lean mass by the square of the height (in m), while the number of steps was calculated using the three-axis accelerometer Actigraph GT3X®. We measured skeletal muscle mass via bioelectrical impedance analysis using the InBody270 body composition analyzer and muscular strength as grip strength. Results: We observed significant relationships between skeletal muscle mass and Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC) (β = 0.336, p < 0.01) and handgrip strength (β = 0.230). Conclusion: In this study, a relationship between skeletal muscle mass and higher-level functional capacity was demonstrated among elderly female community residents.

scholarly journals Performance on sit-to-stand tests in relation to measures of functional fitness and sarcopenia diagnosis in community-dwelling older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianyang Sherman Yee ◽  
Yee Sien Ng ◽  
John Carson Allen ◽  
Aisyah Latib ◽  
Ee Ling Tay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Fitness Measures ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background The sit-to-stand (STS) test has been deployed as surrogate measures of strength or physical performance in sarcopenia diagnosis. This study examines the relationship of two common STS variants – Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (5TSTS) and 30 s Chair Stand Test (30CST) – with grip strength, muscle mass and functional measures, and their impact on sarcopenia prevalence in community-dwelling older adults. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of 887 community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years. Participants completed a battery of physical fitness tests - 5TSTS, 30CST, grip strength, gait speed, Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) for dynamic balance and six-minute walk test (6MWT) for cardiorespiratory endurance. Muscle mass was measured using multi-frequency segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). We performed correlation analysis between STS performance and other fitness measures and muscle mass, followed by multiple linear regression for the independent determinants of STS performance. Results Mean participant age was 67.3±7 years, with female predominance (72.9%). STS tests exhibited weak correlations with grip strength (30CST, r = 0.290; 5TSTS, r = − 0.242; both p< 0.01), and stronger correlations with gait speed (30CST, r = 0.517; 5TSTS, r = − 0.533; both p< 0.01), endurance (30CST, r = 0.558; 5TSTS, r = − 0.531; both p < 0.01) and dynamic balance (30CST, r = − 0.501; 5TSTS, r = 0.646; both p< 0.01). Muscle mass correlated with grip strength but not STS. In multiple regression analysis, all fitness measures were independently associated with 30CST performance. Performance in both STS tests remained independent of muscle mass. There was no significant difference in prevalence of possible sarcopenia diagnosis using grip strength or STS (30CST, 25.0%; 5TSTS, 22.1%; grip strength, 22.3%; p = 0.276). When both measures are used, prevalence is significantly higher (42.0%; p = 0.276). Prevalence of confirmed sarcopenia with inclusion of muscle mass was significantly lower using STS compared with grip strength (30CST, 4.6%; 5TSTS, 4.1% vs. grip strength, 7.1%; p< 0.05). Conclusion In the sarcopenia construct, STS tests better represents muscle physical performance rather than muscle strength. Different subsets of population with possible sarcopenia are identified depending on the test used. The lack of association of STS performance with muscle mass results in a lower prevalence of confirmed sarcopenia compared with grip strength, but may better reflect changes in muscle quality.

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