scholarly journals The Long-Term Efficacy of Working Memory Training in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 22 Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. e174-e188
Author(s):  
Jianhua Hou ◽  
Taiyi Jiang ◽  
Jiangning Fu ◽  
Bin Su ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies

Abstract Objectives The long-lasting efficacy of working memory (WM) training has been a controversial and still ardently debated issue. In this meta-analysis, the authors explored the long-term effects of WM training in healthy older adults on WM subdomains and abilities outside the WM domain assessed in randomized controlled studies. Method A systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar was conducted. Random-effects models were used to quantitatively synthesize the existing data. Results Twenty-two eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. The mean participant age ranged from 63.77 to 80.1 years. The meta-synthesized long-term effects on updating were 0.45 (95% confidence interval = 0.253–0.648, <6 months: 0.395, 0.171–0.619, ≥6 months: 0.641, 0.223–1.058), on shifting, 0.447 (0.246–0.648, <6 months: 0.448, 0.146–0.75, ≥6 months: 0.446, 0.176–0.716); on inhibition, 0.387 (0.228–0.547, <6 months: 0.248, 0.013–0.484, ≥6 months: 0.504, 0.288–0.712); on maintenance, 0.486 (0.352–0.62, <6 months: 0.52, 0.279–0.761, ≥6 months: 0.471, 0.31–0.63). Discussion The results showed that WM training exerted robust long-term effects on enhancing the WM system and improving processing speed and reasoning in late adulthood. Future studies are needed to use different tasks of the same WM construct to evaluate the WM training benefits, to adopt more ecological tasks or tasks related to daily life, to improve the external validity of WM training, and to identify the optimal implementation strategy for WM training.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effects of Spacing on Working Memory Training Outcome: A Randomized, Controlled, Multisite Trial in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1181-1192
Author(s):  
Susanne M Jaeggi ◽  
Martin Buschkuehl ◽  
Chelsea M Parlett-Pelleriti ◽  
Seung Min Moon ◽  
Michelle Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Objective The majority of the population will experience some cognitive decline with age. Therefore, the development of effective interventions to mitigate age-related decline is critical for older adults’ cognitive functioning and their quality of life. Methods In our randomized controlled multisite trial, we target participants’ working memory (WM) skills, and in addition, we focus on the intervention’s optimal scheduling in order to test whether and how the distribution of training sessions might affect task learning, and ultimately, transfer. Healthy older adults completed an intervention targeting either WM or general knowledge twice per day, once per day, or once every-other-day. Before and after the intervention and 3 months after training completion, participants were tested in a variety of cognitive domains, including those representing functioning in everyday life. Results In contrast to our hypotheses, spacing seems to affect learning only minimally. We did observe some transfer effects, especially within the targeted cognitive domain (WM and inhibition/interference), which remained stable at the 3-month follow-up. Discussion Our findings have practical implications by showing that the variation in training schedule, at least within the range used here, does not seem to be a crucial element for training benefits.

Is Computerized Working Memory Training Effective in Healthy Older Adults? Evidence from a Multi-Site, Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 931-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon S. Simon ◽  
Erich S. Tusch ◽  
Nicole C. Feng ◽  
Krister Håkansson ◽  
Abdul H. Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Working Memory Training ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Dose-Response Relationship between Endurance Training Prescription Variables and Increases in Aerobic Performance of Healthy and Unhealthy Middle and Very Old Individuals Aged 70 Years and Older: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Sarah Cheour ◽  
Chouaib Cheour ◽  
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi ◽  
Liye Zou ◽  
Armin H. Paravlic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies

Background: The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to quantify the effectiveness of endurance training (ET) on aerobic performance (i.e., peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak)) in healthy and unhealthy middle and very old adults aged 70 years and older, and to provide dose–response relationships of training prescription variables (in terms of frequency, and volume). Methods: Several scholarly databases (i.e., PubMed/MEDLINE, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect Journals, and Taylor & Francis Online—Journals) were searched, identifying randomized controlled studies that investigated the effectiveness of ET on VO2peak in older adults. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated. Results: In terms of changes differences between experimental and control group, ET produced significant large effects on VO2peak performance (SMD = 2.64 (95%CI 0.97–4.31)). The moderator analysis revealed that “health status” variable moderated ET effect onVO2peak performance. More specifically, ET produced larger SMD magnitudes on VO2peak performance in healthy compared with unhealthy individuals. With regard to the dose–response relationships, findings from the meta-regression showed that none of the included training prescription variables predicted ET effects on VO2peak performance. Conclusions: ET is an effective mean for improving aerobic performance in healthy older adults when compared with their unhealthy counterparts.

scholarly journals Working memory training does not enhance older adults' cognitive skills: A comprehensive meta-analysis

Intelligence ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 101386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Sala ◽  
N. Deniz Aksayli ◽  
K. Semir Tatlidil ◽  
Yasuyuki Gondo ◽  
Fernand Gobet
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Working Memory Training ◽  
Memory Training

Safety and Effectiveness of Long-Term Exercise Interventions in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio García-Hermoso ◽  
Robinson Ramirez-Vélez ◽  
Mikel L. Sáez de Asteasu ◽  
Nicolás Martínez-Velilla ◽  
Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Risk of malignancies in patients with spondyloarthritis treated with biologics compared with those treated with non-biologics: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1759720X2092569
Author(s):  
Yu Heng Kwan ◽  
Ka Keat Lim ◽  
Warren Fong ◽  
Hendra Goh ◽  
Linkai Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Background: The aim of our study was to synthesize evidence on the occurrence of malignancy in spondyloarthritis (SpA), from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing biologics with non-biologics and biologics to each other. Methods: We systematically searched Medline, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception until 31 October 2018. RCTs with ⩾24-week follow-up were included. We extracted data using standardized forms and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. We performed pair-wise meta-analyses and network meta-analyses to compare the risk of malignancy for each biologics class and SpA type. We reported the Peto odds ratio (OR) of any malignancy along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Bayesian posterior probabilities comparing risk of malignancy of each biologic class with non-biologics were computed as supplementary measures. Results: Fifty-four trials were included; most (44/54) had follow-up <1 year. Among 14,245 patients, 63 developed a malignancy. While most Peto ORs were >1, they had wide 95% CI and p >0.05. The overall Peto OR comparing biologics with non-biologics was 1.42 (95% CI 0.80–2.53). Only interleukin-17 inhibitors in peripheral SpA had p <0.05 (Peto OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.07–7.13); the posterior probability that the risk was higher than non-biologics was 98%. Stratified analyses revealed no consistent trend by prior exposure to biologics, duration of follow-up, study quality, study-arm crossover, analytical approaches and type of malignancy. Conclusions: Our findings indicate no overall elevated risk of malignancy with biologics in SpA. As our meta-analyses are unable to conclude on the long-term risk, long-term pharmacovigilance of biologics in SpA may still be warranted.

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