scholarly journals Long-term effects of increasing omega-3, omega-6 and total polyunsaturated fats on inflammatory bowel disease and markers of inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Ajabnoor ◽  
Gabrielle Thorpe ◽  
Asmaa Abdelhamid ◽  
Lee Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
3 Omega ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fats

scholarly journals The Long-Term Efficacy of Working Memory Training in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 22 Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. e174-e188
Author(s):  
Jianhua Hou ◽  
Taiyi Jiang ◽  
Jiangning Fu ◽  
Bin Su ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies

Abstract Objectives The long-lasting efficacy of working memory (WM) training has been a controversial and still ardently debated issue. In this meta-analysis, the authors explored the long-term effects of WM training in healthy older adults on WM subdomains and abilities outside the WM domain assessed in randomized controlled studies. Method A systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar was conducted. Random-effects models were used to quantitatively synthesize the existing data. Results Twenty-two eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. The mean participant age ranged from 63.77 to 80.1 years. The meta-synthesized long-term effects on updating were 0.45 (95% confidence interval = 0.253–0.648, <6 months: 0.395, 0.171–0.619, ≥6 months: 0.641, 0.223–1.058), on shifting, 0.447 (0.246–0.648, <6 months: 0.448, 0.146–0.75, ≥6 months: 0.446, 0.176–0.716); on inhibition, 0.387 (0.228–0.547, <6 months: 0.248, 0.013–0.484, ≥6 months: 0.504, 0.288–0.712); on maintenance, 0.486 (0.352–0.62, <6 months: 0.52, 0.279–0.761, ≥6 months: 0.471, 0.31–0.63). Discussion The results showed that WM training exerted robust long-term effects on enhancing the WM system and improving processing speed and reasoning in late adulthood. Future studies are needed to use different tasks of the same WM construct to evaluate the WM training benefits, to adopt more ecological tasks or tasks related to daily life, to improve the external validity of WM training, and to identify the optimal implementation strategy for WM training.

scholarly journals Long-term Effectiveness of mHealth Physical Activity Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Mönninghoff ◽  
Jan Niklas Kramer ◽  
Alexander Jan Hess ◽  
Kamila Ismailova ◽  
Gisbert W Teepe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mhealth Intervention ◽  
Group Type ◽  
Randomized Controlled

BACKGROUND Mobile health (mHealth) interventions can increase physical activity (PA); however, their long-term impact is not well understood. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study is to understand the immediate and long-term effects of mHealth interventions on PA. The secondary aim is to explore potential effect moderators. METHODS We performed this study according to the Cochrane and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO in July 2020. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials of mHealth interventions targeting PA as a primary outcome in adults. Eligible outcome measures were walking, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), total physical activity (TPA), and energy expenditure. Where reported, we extracted data for 3 time points (ie, end of intervention, follow-up ≤6 months, and follow-up &gt;6 months). To explore effect moderators, we performed subgroup analyses by population, intervention design, and control group type. Results were summarized using random effects meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. RESULTS Of the 2828 identified studies, 117 were included. These studies reported on 21,118 participants with a mean age of 52.03 (SD 14.14) years, of whom 58.99% (n=12,459) were female. mHealth interventions significantly increased PA across all the 4 outcome measures at the end of intervention (walking standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.46, 95% CI 0.36-0.55; <i>P</i>&lt;.001; MVPA SMD 0.28, 95% CI 0.21-0.35; <i>P</i>&lt;.001; TPA SMD 0.34, 95% CI 0.20-0.47; <i>P</i>&lt;.001; energy expenditure SMD 0.44, 95% CI 0.13-0.75; <i>P</i>=.01). Only 33 studies reported short-term follow-up measurements, and 8 studies reported long-term follow-up measurements in addition to end-of-intervention results. In the short term, effects were sustained for walking (SMD 0.26, 95% CI 0.09-0.42; <i>P</i>=.002), MVPA (SMD 0.20, 95% CI 0.05-0.35; <i>P</i>=.008), and TPA (SMD 0.53, 95% CI 0.13-0.93; <i>P</i>=.009). In the long term, effects were also sustained for walking (SMD 0.25, 95% CI 0.10-0.39; <i>P</i>=.001) and MVPA (SMD 0.19, 95% CI 0.11-0.27; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). We found the study population to be an effect moderator, with higher effect scores in sick and at-risk populations. PA was increased both in scalable and nonscalable mHealth intervention designs and regardless of the control group type. The risk of bias was rated high in 80.3% (94/117) of the studies. Heterogeneity was significant, resulting in low to very low quality of evidence. CONCLUSIONS mHealth interventions can foster small to moderate increases in PA. The effects are maintained long term; however, the effect size decreases over time. The results encourage using mHealth interventions in at-risk and sick populations and support the use of scalable mHealth intervention designs to affordably reach large populations. However, given the low evidence quality, further methodologically rigorous studies are warranted to evaluate the long-term effects.

scholarly journals Omega-3, omega-6 and total dietary polyunsaturated fat on cancer incidence: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (8) ◽  
pp. 1260-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hanson ◽  
◽  
Gabrielle Thorpe ◽  
Lauren Winstanley ◽  
Asmaa S. Abdelhamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Randomised Trials ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fat ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
3 Omega
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document