scholarly journals Nicotinamide and Sugar Metabolism Associated With Muscle Mass Loss During Calorie Restriction in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 126-126
Author(s):  
Ellen Quillen ◽  
Jingyun Lee ◽  
Cristina Furdui ◽  
Daniel Beavers ◽  
Kristen Beavers
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Untargeted Metabolomics ◽  
Metabolomics Data ◽  
Lean Muscle Mass

Abstract Weight loss among older adults remains controversial due to lean mass loss and potential exacerbation of disability risk. Using the Medifast for Seniors clinical trial (NCT02730988), which investigated high protein supplementation (≥1.0 g/kg/d) during caloric restriction to preserve lean mass among 96 older adults (>70 years, 74% women, 27% black) with obesity (BMI: 35 kg/m^2), we applied untargeted metabolomics to identify small molecules associated with the highly variable change in lean muscle mass during weight loss. Forty-seven participants were randomized to high protein weight loss, and 92% lost at least 5% body weight over 24 weeks. Across DXA-ascertained measures of lean body mass, gynoid lean mass exhibited the broadest range of change: +4% to -12%. For 38 participants, untargeted metabolomics data was generated from fasted serum samples collected before and after intervention. 121 serum metabolites were identified and change from baseline was tested for correlation with percent change in gynoid muscle mass. Increasing nicotinamide levels were associated with a greater loss of gynoid muscle mass (R^2=0.22, p=0.0027). Pathway analysis was applied to identify Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biochemical pathways containing multiple nominally-associated metabolites. The amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism pathway was significantly enriched (p=0.006), containing four sugar metabolites associated with shifts in lean muscle mass. This pathway is important in the glycosylation of polysaccharides, a ubiquitous and important regulator of energy metabolism, but has not previously been linked to muscle mass and should be further interrogated in preservation of lean muscle during weight loss.

scholarly journals Intranasal Oxytocin Improves Lean Muscle Mass in Older Adults With Sarcopenic Obesity: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 133-133
Author(s):  
Jessica Lee ◽  
Sara Espinoza ◽  
Adetutu Odejimi ◽  
Chen-pin Wang ◽  
Vinutha Ganapathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Lean Muscle Mass

Abstract Obese older adults often have sarcopenia with increased functional impairments. Unfortunately, conventional weight loss treatments can lead to further muscle mass loss. Increasing evidence from animal studies suggests that the pituitary hormone oxytocin has trophic effects on skeletal muscle cells and can induce weight loss. We piloted a clinical trial testing whether intranasal oxytocin would decrease adiposity without lowering muscle mass in older adults with sarcopenic obesity. Twenty-one older (≥60years), obese (30-43kg/m2), sedentary (<2 strenuous exercises/week) adults with slow gait speed (<1m/sec) were randomized to intra-nasal oxytocin (24IU four times/day) or placebo for 8 weeks. Pre and post body mass index (BMI), 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), short physical performance battery (SPPB), and whole body lean and fat mass (via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were assessed. Generalized estimation equation method was used to evaluate effects of oxytocin on these continuous measures. At baseline, results were: age 67.5±5.4years, 71% female, BMI 36.0±3.6kg/m2, HbA1c 5.7±0.4%, 2-hr OGTT glucose 140.8±4.1mg/dL, SPPB 9.2±1.9, fat mass 45,429±7,037g, and lean mass was 49,892±10,470g. From baseline to follow-up, total lean mass increased significantly (2,250g) in the oxytocin group (pre- vs. post-treatment difference of -690g in placebo and +1,559g in oxytocin, p<0.01). Oxytocin did not lead to significant changes in other measures. This data suggests that oxytocin leads to significant improvement in whole body lean mass. Future studies in a larger study population will help determine whether older adults with sarcopenic obesity may benefit from intranasal oxytocin to improve lean muscle mass and physical function.

scholarly journals Racial Differences in Relative Skeletal Muscle Mass Loss During Diet-Induced Weight Loss in Women

Obesity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1255-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Hunter ◽  
David R. Bryan ◽  
Juliano H. Borges ◽  
M. David Diggs ◽  
Stephen J. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Mass Loss

Whey protein and vitamin D supplementation in institutionalized older adults: A randomized trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602110606
Author(s):  
Tamy Colonetti ◽  
Antônio Jose Grande ◽  
Franciani Rodrigues da Rocha ◽  
Eduardo Ronconi Dondossola ◽  
Lisiane Tuon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
And Control

Background: The increase in life expectancy and in the number of individuals over 60 years old brings new demands to health professionals and services based on the physiological changes that occur in this population. The aging process results in changes in body composition, increasing body fat and reducing muscle mass, in addition to a reduction in bone mass. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of whey protein and vitamin D supplementation on body composition and skeletal muscle in older adults living in long-term care facilities. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Thirty older adults (>60 years old) were randomized and allocated in three groups: group receiving resistance training and supplementation receiving resistance training, whey protein and vitamin D; group received resistance and placebo training receiving resistance training and placebo, and control group without any intervention. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Results: The mean age was 74.87 (± 8.14) years. A significant difference ( p = 0.042) was observed between the group receiving resistance training and supplementation and control groups in relation to lean mass increase (kg) at 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of intervention, there was a significant increase in Relative index of muscle mass for the two groups that underwent resistance training, group received resistance and placebo training ( p = 0.042) and group receiving resistance training and supplementation ( p = 0.045), in relation to the control. Conclusion: Combined supplementation of whey protein and vitamin D with resistance training can significantly improve lean mass, total mass, and relative index of muscle mass in institutionalized older adults.

scholarly journals Serum biomarkers that predict lean mass loss over bed rest in older adults: An exploratory study

2020 ◽  
Vol 509 ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Susan H. Gawel ◽  
Gerard J. Davis ◽  
Menghua Luo ◽  
Nicolaas E.P. Deutz ◽  
Robert R. Wolfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Serum Biomarkers

scholarly journals Lean Mass Loss Is Associated with Low Protein Intake during Dietary-Induced Weight Loss in Postmenopausal Women

2008 ◽  
Vol 108 (7) ◽  
pp. 1216-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie J. Bopp ◽  
Denise K. Houston ◽  
Leon Lenchik ◽  
Linda Easter ◽  
Stephen B. Kritchevsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Low Protein

scholarly journals Preservation of Lean Mass upon Combined Lifestyle Intervention in Older Adults with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes During 6-Months Follow-Up After RCT (PROBE Study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 53-53
Author(s):  
Robert Memelink ◽  
Anke Bongers ◽  
Wilrike Pasman ◽  
Mariëtte van Rijmenam ◽  
Suzan Wopereis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Lean Mass

Abstract Objectives Weight loss is a key element in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but also a risk factor for lean mass (LM) loss in older adults. We evaluated whether a whey protein drink enriched with leucine and vitamin D preserved LM during 3-month lifestyle intervention and whether effects sustained during 6 months follow-up after intervention (FU). Methods 123 older adults (66 ± 6 y) with obesity (BMI 34 ± 4 kg/m2) and T2D participated in a 3-month lifestyle intervention with dietary advice (−600 kcal/d) and resistance exercise (3×/wk). In this double-blind RCT (PROBE) subjects were randomised to receive 10×/wk a test (21 g protein) or isocaloric control (0 g protein) drink. LM, appendicular muscle mass (AMM), leg muscle mass (LMM), and fat mass (FM) were assessed with DXA. Mixed linear model analysis was used with baseline value in the outcome vector and adjustment for stratification factors sex and SU-derivate use. Data represent EMM ± SE (within group) or 95% CI (between groups). Results 105 subjects completed intervention and 76 subjects participated in FU. At 3 months, body weight (−2.2 ± 0.4 kg, P < 0.001, test; −2.9 ± 0.4 kg, P < 0.001, control) and FM (−2.6 ± 0.4 kg, P < 0.001, test; −2.5 ± 0.4 kg, P < 0.001, control) were reduced without differences between groups. LM and AMM were increased in test (+0.57 ± 0.27 kg, P = 0.03; +0.39 ± 0.13 kg, P < 0.01) and unchanged in control (−0.35 ± 0.26 kg, P = 0.18; +0.03 ± 0.12 kg, P = 0.80), with significant difference between groups (+0.92 kg, 95% CI 0.19–1.65, P = 0.015; +0.36 kg, 95% CI 0.01–0.71, P = 0.047). At FU (without test or control drink), the difference in LM and AMM between groups had disappeared while both groups still had significantly improved body composition compared to baseline, as reflected by decreased FM (−2.4 ± 0.4 kg, < 0.001, test; −2.6 ± 0.4 kg, < 0.001, control) and increased or preserved LM (+0.88 ± 0.32 kg, 0.007; +0.54 ± 0.32 kg, 0.09) and AMM (+0.46 ± 0.15 kg, 0.002; +0.31 ± 0.15 kg, 0.03). Conclusions Use of a whey protein drink enriched with leucine and vitamin D during a combined lifestyle intervention showed beneficial effects on lean mass in older adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Preservation of lean mass was sustained after 6 months follow-up, without differences between treatment groups. Funding Sources Grant: Topsector Agri & Food, The Netherlands. Financial support for study conduct: Danone Nutricia Research.

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