scholarly journals Intranasal Oxytocin Improves Lean Muscle Mass in Older Adults With Sarcopenic Obesity: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 133-133
Author(s):  
Jessica Lee ◽  
Sara Espinoza ◽  
Adetutu Odejimi ◽  
Chen-pin Wang ◽  
Vinutha Ganapathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Lean Muscle Mass

Abstract Obese older adults often have sarcopenia with increased functional impairments. Unfortunately, conventional weight loss treatments can lead to further muscle mass loss. Increasing evidence from animal studies suggests that the pituitary hormone oxytocin has trophic effects on skeletal muscle cells and can induce weight loss. We piloted a clinical trial testing whether intranasal oxytocin would decrease adiposity without lowering muscle mass in older adults with sarcopenic obesity. Twenty-one older (≥60years), obese (30-43kg/m2), sedentary (<2 strenuous exercises/week) adults with slow gait speed (<1m/sec) were randomized to intra-nasal oxytocin (24IU four times/day) or placebo for 8 weeks. Pre and post body mass index (BMI), 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), short physical performance battery (SPPB), and whole body lean and fat mass (via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were assessed. Generalized estimation equation method was used to evaluate effects of oxytocin on these continuous measures. At baseline, results were: age 67.5±5.4years, 71% female, BMI 36.0±3.6kg/m2, HbA1c 5.7±0.4%, 2-hr OGTT glucose 140.8±4.1mg/dL, SPPB 9.2±1.9, fat mass 45,429±7,037g, and lean mass was 49,892±10,470g. From baseline to follow-up, total lean mass increased significantly (2,250g) in the oxytocin group (pre- vs. post-treatment difference of -690g in placebo and +1,559g in oxytocin, p<0.01). Oxytocin did not lead to significant changes in other measures. This data suggests that oxytocin leads to significant improvement in whole body lean mass. Future studies in a larger study population will help determine whether older adults with sarcopenic obesity may benefit from intranasal oxytocin to improve lean muscle mass and physical function.

scholarly journals Nicotinamide and Sugar Metabolism Associated With Muscle Mass Loss During Calorie Restriction in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 126-126
Author(s):  
Ellen Quillen ◽  
Jingyun Lee ◽  
Cristina Furdui ◽  
Daniel Beavers ◽  
Kristen Beavers
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Untargeted Metabolomics ◽  
Metabolomics Data ◽  
Lean Muscle Mass

Abstract Weight loss among older adults remains controversial due to lean mass loss and potential exacerbation of disability risk. Using the Medifast for Seniors clinical trial (NCT02730988), which investigated high protein supplementation (≥1.0 g/kg/d) during caloric restriction to preserve lean mass among 96 older adults (>70 years, 74% women, 27% black) with obesity (BMI: 35 kg/m^2), we applied untargeted metabolomics to identify small molecules associated with the highly variable change in lean muscle mass during weight loss. Forty-seven participants were randomized to high protein weight loss, and 92% lost at least 5% body weight over 24 weeks. Across DXA-ascertained measures of lean body mass, gynoid lean mass exhibited the broadest range of change: +4% to -12%. For 38 participants, untargeted metabolomics data was generated from fasted serum samples collected before and after intervention. 121 serum metabolites were identified and change from baseline was tested for correlation with percent change in gynoid muscle mass. Increasing nicotinamide levels were associated with a greater loss of gynoid muscle mass (R^2=0.22, p=0.0027). Pathway analysis was applied to identify Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biochemical pathways containing multiple nominally-associated metabolites. The amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism pathway was significantly enriched (p=0.006), containing four sugar metabolites associated with shifts in lean muscle mass. This pathway is important in the glycosylation of polysaccharides, a ubiquitous and important regulator of energy metabolism, but has not previously been linked to muscle mass and should be further interrogated in preservation of lean muscle during weight loss.

1999-P: Intranasal Oxytocin Improves Lean Muscle Mass in Older Adults with Sarcopenic Obesity: A Pilot Study

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1999-P
Author(s):  
SARA E. ESPINOZA ◽  
JESSICA LEE ◽  
CHEN-PIN WANG ◽  
DANIEL J. MACCARTHY ◽  
VINUTHA GANAPATHY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Lean Muscle Mass

scholarly journals Sarcopenic Obesity in Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Vera ◽  
Mary McConville ◽  
Michael Kyba ◽  
Manda Keller-Ross
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Appendicular Lean Mass ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Background: Sarcopenic obesity has been observed in people with neuromuscular impairment, and is linked to adverse health outcomes.It is unclear, however, if sarcopenia obesity develops in adults with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Methods: This research was designed to determine if adults with FSHD meet criteria for sarcopenic obesity (appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) scores of <7.26 kg/m2 or 5.45 kg/m2; % body fat of >28% or 40% in men/women). Ten people with FSHD (50±11 years, 2 females) and ten age/sex-matched controls (47±13 years, 2 females) completed one visit, which included a full-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Regional and whole body total mass (g), fat mass (FM, (g, %)), and lean mass (LM, (g, %)) were collected; body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and and sarcopenia measures (appendicular lean mass (sum of arm/leg lean mass, ALM (kg)), ALMI (kg/m2)) were computed. Results: Although total body mass was similar between adults with FSHD and controls (84.5±12.9 vs. 81.8±13.5 kg, respectively; p=0.65), the proportion of mass due to fat was much higher in FSHD, with many individuals having >50% mass due to fat (means: 40.8±7.0 vs. 27.9±7.5%; p=0.001). ALM volume was 23% lower and ALMI was 27% lower in FSHD (p<0.01). Whole body LM trended to be lower in FSHD vs. controls (p=0.05) and arm and leg LM were both lower in FSHD compared with controls (p<0.05). Furthermore, the % LM was 18% lower in FSHD vs. controls (p=0.001). FSHD participants exhibited greater total body FM (p<0.01), total leg fat mass (p<0.001), and but similar total arm fat mass (p=0.09). Conclusions: These data demonstrate that people with FSHD, although similar in total body mass to controls, commonly meet the definition of sarcopenic obesity, with significant consequences for quality of life, and implications for disease management.

Prediction of Race Performance of Elite Cross-Country Skiers by Lean Mass

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1040-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Carlsson ◽  
Tomas Carlsson ◽  
Daniel Hammarström ◽  
Christer Malm ◽  
Michail Tonkonogi
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Race Performance

Purpose:To investigate the relationship between race performance and lean mass (LM) variables, as well as to examine sex differences in body composition in elite-standard cross-country skiers.Methods:Thirty-four elite cross-country skiers (18 men and 16 women) underwent a dual-emission X-ray-absorptiometry body-composition test to determine LM, fat mass, and bone mineral content. For both sexes, performance data were collected from a sprint prologue and a distance race.Results:The absolute expression of LM variables (whole-body [LMWB], upper body [LMUB], and lower body [LMLB]) was significantly correlated with finishing time in the sprint prologue independent of sex. Distance-race performance was significantly related to LMWB, LMUB, and LMLB in women; however, no correlation was found in men. Men had a significantly higher LM and lower fat mass, independent of expression (absolute or relative), for the whole body, arms, trunk, and legs, except for the absolute fat mass in the trunk.Conclusions:The absolute expressions of LMWB, LMUB, and LMLB were significant predictors of sprint-prologue performance in both sexes, as well as of distance-race performance in women only. Compared with women, male skiers have a higher LM in the body segments that are major contributors to propelling forces. These results suggest that muscle mass in the lower and upper body is equally important for race performance; thus, more focus of elite skiers’ training should be directed to increasing whole-body muscle mass to improve their competitive performance capability.

scholarly journals Olfaction and Changes in Body Composition in a Large Cohort of Older U.S. Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2434-2440
Author(s):  
Frank Purdy ◽  
Zhehui Luo ◽  
Joseph C Gardiner ◽  
Jayant M Pinto ◽  
Eric J Shiroma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background Poor sense of smell in older adults may lead to weight loss, which may further contribute to various adverse health outcomes. However, empirical prospective evidence is lacking. We aimed to longitudinally assess whether poor olfaction is associated with changes in body composition among older adults. Methods A total of 2,390 participants from the Health ABC Study had their olfaction assessed using the Brief Smell Identification Test in 1999–2000. Based on the test score, olfaction was defined as poor (0–8), moderate (9–10), or good (11–12). Total body mass, lean mass, and fat mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry annually or biennially from 1999 to 2007. Results At baseline, compared to participants with good olfaction, those with poor olfaction weighed on average 1.67 kg less (95% CI: −2.92, −0.42) in total mass, 0.53 kg less (95% CI: −1.08, 0.02) in lean mass, and 1.14 kg less (95% CI: −1.96, −0.31) in fat mass. In longitudinal analyses, compared to participants with good olfaction, those with poor olfaction had a greater annual decline in both total mass (−234 g, 95% CI: −442, −26) and lean mass (−139 g, 95% CI: −236, −43). They also tended to have a greater annual loss of fat mass (−113 g, 95% CI: −285, 59), but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions Our results indicate poor olfaction is associated with lower body weight and greater weight loss in older adults. It is imperative for future studies to investigate potential underlying mechanisms and associated adverse health consequences.

Effects of a resistance training community programme in older adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Majid Mufaqam Syed-Abdul ◽  
Chrissa L. McClellan ◽  
Elizabeth J. Parks ◽  
Stephen D. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Resistance Training Programme

Abstract Ageing is associated with reduced muscle mass, strength, flexibility and balance, resulting in a poor quality of life (QOL). Past studies have occurred in highly controlled laboratory settings which provide strong support to determine whether similar gains can be made in community programmes. Twenty participants were enrolled in an eight-week community-based resistance training programme (mean age = 61.3 (standard error (SE) = 0.9) years); Body Mass Index = 32.0 (SE = 1.3) kg/m2). All participants completed surveys to assess outcomes associated with QOL. Given the relationship between muscle function and nerve health, nerve conduction studies (NCS) were also conducted in a separate group of participants (mean age = 64.9 (SE = 2.0) years; Body Mass Index = 32.6 (SE = 1.9) kg/m2). This community-based training programme significantly improved QOL measures in older adults (p < 0.001). Although weight loss was not the primary outcome of the study, participants reduced their body weights (p < 0.001), by primarily reducing fat mass (p = 0.007) while maintaining muscle mass. Significant improvements were observed in muscle strength (2.2%), flexibility and balance (3.2–464.2%, p ⩽ 0.05 for all). Improvements were also observed in plasma glucose (p = 0.05), haemoglobin A1C (p = 0.06) and aldolase enzyme levels (p < 0.001). Scores for surveys on memory and sleep improved (p < 0.05). Improved QOL was associated with increased lean mass (r = −0.714, p = 0.002), decreased fat mass (r = −0.702, p = 0.003) and improved flexibility and balance (r = −0.627, p = 0.008). An eight-week, community-based resistance training programme significantly improved QOL in older adults. Influence on the lipid profile and NCS still needs further investigation.

Whey protein and vitamin D supplementation in institutionalized older adults: A randomized trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602110606
Author(s):  
Tamy Colonetti ◽  
Antônio Jose Grande ◽  
Franciani Rodrigues da Rocha ◽  
Eduardo Ronconi Dondossola ◽  
Lisiane Tuon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
And Control

Background: The increase in life expectancy and in the number of individuals over 60 years old brings new demands to health professionals and services based on the physiological changes that occur in this population. The aging process results in changes in body composition, increasing body fat and reducing muscle mass, in addition to a reduction in bone mass. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of whey protein and vitamin D supplementation on body composition and skeletal muscle in older adults living in long-term care facilities. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Thirty older adults (>60 years old) were randomized and allocated in three groups: group receiving resistance training and supplementation receiving resistance training, whey protein and vitamin D; group received resistance and placebo training receiving resistance training and placebo, and control group without any intervention. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Results: The mean age was 74.87 (± 8.14) years. A significant difference ( p = 0.042) was observed between the group receiving resistance training and supplementation and control groups in relation to lean mass increase (kg) at 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of intervention, there was a significant increase in Relative index of muscle mass for the two groups that underwent resistance training, group received resistance and placebo training ( p = 0.042) and group receiving resistance training and supplementation ( p = 0.045), in relation to the control. Conclusion: Combined supplementation of whey protein and vitamin D with resistance training can significantly improve lean mass, total mass, and relative index of muscle mass in institutionalized older adults.

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