scholarly journals The Challenge of Identifying Representative Samples in Research Involving Minority Participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 101-101
Author(s):  
Giovanna Pilonieta ◽  
David Geldmacher
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
White Women ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Black African ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Minority Participants ◽  
Daily Function ◽  
Representative Samples

Abstract Determining participants' demographics, cognition, and functional performance by race is crucial to understanding disparities in clinical research on Alzheimer’s disease. We compared demographic and performance variables between Black/African American (B/AA; N=30; 41%) and White participants (N=43, 59%) in the UAB Alzheimer's Disease Center. Among 73 participants, 38 (52%) were women, mean age was 65.7 (SD 9.47), and mean education was 16 (2.31) years. Significant differences in gender proportions across race groups were observed. B/AA women represented 70 % of their race group, white women represented 39.5 %. There were no statistically significant differences in age, education, cognitive or functional severity, reasons to participate in research, referral source, objective measures of cognition, or informant-rated daily function by race group. In conclusion, despite 50% oversampling of B/AA participants compared to the State population, no differences in cognitive and functional performance at the time of enrollment were associated with race.

scholarly journals Functional Performance of Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia in Southern Taiwan

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Yuh Shiau ◽  
Lifa Yu ◽  
Hui-Shin Yuan ◽  
Jau-Hong Lin ◽  
Ching-Kuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Southern Taiwan

What are the Benefits of Exercise for Alzheimer’s Disease? A Systematic Review of the Past 10 Years

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma S.S. Hernández ◽  
Paula F. Sandreschi ◽  
Franciele C. da Silva ◽  
Beatriz A.V. Arancibia ◽  
Rudney da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
And Performance

To identify and characterize the scientific literature on the effects of exercise on Alzheimer’s disease, research was conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus. These MeSH terms—“exercise”, “motor activity”, “physical fitness”, “Alzheimer disease”, and its synonyms in English—were used in the initial search to locate studies published between 2003 and 2013. After reading the 12 final articles in their entirety, two additional articles, found by a manual search, were included. Of these, 13 had beneficial results of exercise in Alzheimer’s disease. Given the results discussed here, the exercise may be important for the improvement of functionality and performance of daily life activities, neuropsychiatric disturbances, cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory fitness, functional capacity components (flexibility, agility, balance, strength), and improvements in some cognitive components such as sustained attention, visual memory, and frontal cognitive function in patients with AD.

scholarly journals Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease in Cancer Patients: Analysis of Mortality Data from the US SEER Population-Based Registries

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Mezencev ◽  
Yury O. Chernoff
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
White Women ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
The Impact

Previous studies have reported an inverse association between cancer and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which are leading causes of human morbidity and mortality. We analyzed the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) data to estimate the risk of AD death in (i) cancer patients relative to reference populations stratified on demographic and clinical variables, and (ii) female breast cancer (BC) patients treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, relative to those with no/unknown treatment status. Our results demonstrate the impact of race, cancer type, age and time since cancer diagnosis on the risk of AD death in cancer patients. While the risk of AD death was decreased in white patients diagnosed with various cancers at 45 or more years of age, it was increased in black patients diagnosed with cancers before 45 years of age (likely due to early onset AD). Chemotherapy decreased the risk of AD death in white women diagnosed with BC at the age of 65 or more, however radiotherapy displayed a more complex pattern with early decrease and late increase in the risk of AD death during a prolonged time interval after the treatment. Our data point to links between molecular mechanisms involved in cancer and AD, and to the potential applicability of some anti-cancer treatments against AD.

scholarly journals Metamemory monitoring in Alzheimer’s disease A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Brandt ◽  
Raquel Luiza Santos de Carvalho ◽  
Tatiana Belfort ◽  
Marcia Cristina Nascimento Dourado
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Metamemory Monitoring ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Metamemory is the awareness of one’s own knowledge and control of memory, and refers to the online ability to gather information about the current state of the memory system. Objective: Metamemory is one’s own knowledge and control of memory. A systematic review was performed to identify the types of tasks used for evaluating metamemory monitoring, the stimuli used in these tasks, their limitations and the outcomes in people with Alzheimer’s disease (PwAD). Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA methodology. A search of Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases was carried out in September, 2018, identifying experimental investigations of metamemory and dementia. Results: We included 21 studies. The most common tasks used were judgement of learning, feeling of knowing, judgement of confidence and global prediction. The rates of discrepancy between PwAD and caregivers still need further research. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test was the most used list of words. PwAD are able to accurately rate their memory functioning and performance, when the evaluation is done soon afterwards. PwAD tend to overestimate their functioning and performance when the judgement involves forward-looking vision. Conclusion: In the context of metamemory impairment, clinicians and caregivers should seek interventions aiming to identify compensatory styles of functioning. This systematic review provides initial evidence for the use of metamemory measures as part of broader assessments evaluating Alzheimer’s disease.

Predicting functional performance by patients with Alzheimer's disease using the Problems in Everyday Living (PEDL) Test: A preliminary study

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE S. LECKEY ◽  
WILLIAM W. BEATTY
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Adl Performance ◽  
Population Based Survey ◽  
Everyday Living

Findings from a recent population-based survey indicate that about 33% of patients with dementia reside alone. Because many of these patients may not have a caregiver who visits them regularly, the need for a neuropsychological (NP) test to predict patients' functional competence to live alone safely is evident. In this study, we compared the accuracy of predicting Instrumental and Basic Activities (IADLs and ADLs) of 22 patients with Alzheimer's disease using several standard NP tests and the newly developed Problems in Everyday Living (PEDL) test. Performance of IADLs and ADLs as rated by caregivers was significantly correlated with performance on the PEDL, the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), and with the Shipley Institute of Living Test of Verbal Abstraction (SILS-A), but not with vocabulary or naming. The PEDL was the best predictor of IADL scores (r = 0.71), compared to the MMSE (r = 0.52) and the SILS-A (r = 0.57), while the MMSE was the best predictor of ADL performance (r = 0.69), compared to the PEDL (r = 0.58) and the SILS-A (r = 0.50). (JINS, 2002, 8, 48–57.)

scholarly journals Left hippocampal volume loss in Alzheimer's disease is reflected in performance on odor identification: A structural MRI study

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAIRE MURPHY ◽  
TERRY L. JERNIGAN ◽  
CHRISTINE FENNEMA-NOTESTINE
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Odor Identification ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Olfactory Information

The very high sensitivity and specificity of odor identification tasks in discriminating between Alzheimer's patients and normals suggests that they reflect the presence of underlying neuropathology. Significant neuropathological changes are seen in areas critical to processing olfactory information, even in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current study was designed to investigate whether performance on olfactory tasks (odor threshold and odor identification) was related to volumetric MRI measures of mesial temporal areas central to olfactory information processing and important in the neuropathology of AD. Participants were 8 male and 5 female patients with probable AD, and 10 male and 12 female normal age-matched controls, diagnosed at the UCSD Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. The study investigated correlations between volumetric measures of hippocampus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the amygdala, and the psychophysical measures of olfactory function. Robust relationships were observed between mesial temporal lobe volumes and olfactory functional measures. The finding of a strong relationship between left hippocampal volume and performance on the odor identification task (r = .85) is compatible with a left-hemisphere superiority for verbally mediated olfactory tasks. The findings suggest a neural substrate for the breakdown in functional performance on verbally mediated odor identification tasks in Alzheimer's disease and suggest the utility of quantitative MRI measures and psychophysical performance in the assessment of AD. These results support the potential clinical utility of inclusion of odor identification tests in diagnostic batteries for detecting AD. (JINS, 2003, 9, 459–471.)

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