PERSONALITY AND SELF-REPORTED AND ACTIGRAPHY-MEASURED SLEEP HEALTH IN ADULTHOOD

Abstract Personality may be associated with sleep health, however, the majority of existing studies rely on self-reported measures of sleep (often focusing on sleep duration). The purpose of this study is to examine the associations between Big Five personality traits and self-reported and actigraphy measured sleep. This study included 3928 participants and a subsample of 441 participants from the Midlife in the United States study. Linear regressions were used to analyze the relationships between personality traits and sleep. Neuroticism was associated with more frequent actigraphy-measured waking after sleep onset, and several self-reported measures of sleep quality, including shorter sleep duration, longer sleep latency, and a greater number of insomnia symptoms. Agreeableness was associated with shorter actigraphy-measured sleep duration and more self-reported insomnia symptoms. Our findings support an association between Neuroticism and poor sleep, and suggest that Agreeableness may be associated with worse sleep health.

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PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SLEEP HEALTH ACROSS ADULTHOOD

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.2862 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S778-S778

Author(s):

Soomi Lee ◽

Orfeu M Buxton

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Social Factors ◽

Sleep Latency ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Well Being ◽

The United States ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Age Related ◽

Job Discrimination

Abstract Sleep is associated with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, as well as daily social interactions and productivity. Studies often have focused on sleep duration only, lacking the ability to comprehensively understand the importance of age-related changes in varied facets of sleep health. Moreover, psychological and social factors that may be associated with sleep health in adulthood are still poorly understood. This symposium showcases contemporary endeavors towards understanding how diverse indicators of sleep health relate to psychological and social factors across adulthood. Paper 1 uses perceived job discrimination as a social stressor to test associations between perceived job discrimination and sleep health (difficulty falling/staying asleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep duration) among working women. Paper 2 examines the relationship between personality traits and self-reported and actigraphy-measured sleep health (sleep duration, sleep quality, sleep latency, insomnia symptoms, wake-after-sleep-onset). Paper 3 uses daily diary data to examine the link between pain and sleep health (sleep disturbances, napping) in older adults’ everyday lives and test moderating effect of social support. Paper 4 examines sleep health (sleep latency, feeling unrested) as a mechanism linking physical activity and cognitive function. These papers use different project datasets that include diverse populations of middle-aged and older adults, such as the Sister Study, Midlife in the United States Study, and Daily Experiences and Well-being Study. At the end of these presentations, Dr. Buxton will discuss their theoretical and methodological contributions, and consider challenges and opportunities for future research.

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534 Food Insecurity and Sleep Health by Race/Ethnicity and Age Group in the United States

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A211-A211

Author(s):

Nyree Riley ◽

Dana Alhasan ◽

W Braxton Jackson ◽

Chandra Jackson

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

The United States ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

High Food ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Falling Asleep

Abstract Introduction Food insecurity may influence sleep through poor mental health (e.g., depression) and immune system suppression. Although prior studies have found food insecurity to be associated with poor sleep, few studies have investigated the food security-sleep association among racially/ethnically diverse participants and with multiple sleep dimensions. Methods Using National Health Interview Survey data, we examined overall, age-, sex/gender-, and racial/ethnic-specific associations between food insecurity and sleep health. Food security was categorized as very low, low, marginal, and high. Sleep duration was categorized as very short (<6 hours), short (<7 hours), recommended (7–9 hours), and long (≥9 hours). Sleep disturbances included trouble falling and staying asleep, insomnia symptoms, waking up feeling unrested, and using sleep medication (all ≥3 days/times in the previous week). Adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and other confounders, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for sleep dimensions by very low, low, and marginal vs. high food security. Results The 177,435 participants’ mean age was 47.2±0.1 years, 52.0% were women, 68.4% were Non-Hispanic (NH)-White. Among individuals reporting very low food security, 75.4% had an annual income of <$35,000 and 60.3% were ≥50 years old. After adjustment, very low vs. high food security was associated with a higher prevalence of very short (PR=2.61 [95%CI: 2.44–2.80]) and short (PR=1.66 [95% CI: 1.60–1.72]) sleep duration. Very low vs. high food security was associated with both trouble falling asleep (PR=2.21 [95% CI: 2.12–2.30]) and trouble staying asleep (PR=1.98 [95% CI: 1.91–2.06]). Very low vs. high food security was associated with higher prevalence of very short sleep duration among Asians (PR=3.64 [95% CI: 2.67–4.97]), Whites (PR=2.73 [95% CI: 2.50–2.99]), Blacks (PR=2.03 [95% CI: 1.80–2.31]), and Hispanic/Latinxs (PR=2.65 [95% CI: 2.30–3.07]). Conclusion Food insecurity was associated with poor sleep in a diverse sample of the US population. Support (if any):

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Too Jittery to Sleep? Temporal Associations of Actigraphic Sleep and Caffeine in Adolescents

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14010031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Gina Marie Mathew ◽

David A. Reichenberger ◽

Lindsay Master ◽

Orfeu M. Buxton ◽

Anne-Marie Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Caffeine Consumption ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Subjective Sleep Quality ◽

Beverage Consumption ◽

Wake Time ◽

Regularity Index ◽

Social Jetlag

Caffeine consumption has been linked to poor sleep health in adolescents, but it is unknown whether poor sleep predicts caffeine consumption, and/or whether caffeine consumption predicts poor sleep, particularly when sleep is measured objectively. Data were collected from a micro-longitudinal sub-study of the age 15 wave of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 589). Adolescents wore an actigraphy device and completed daily surveys for ~1 week. Daily surveys assessed subjective sleep quality and caffeinated beverage consumption (0 = no caffeine, 1 = any caffeine). Separate mixed models assessed whether actigraphy-measured sleep duration, timing, maintenance efficiency, and subjective quality predicted next-day caffeinated beverage consumption within and between adolescents. Variability (standard deviation) of sleep duration and timing, sleep regularity index, and social jetlag were tested as additional between-person predictors. Lagged models tested whether daily caffeinated beverage consumption predicted sleep that night (n = 458). Adolescents with more variable sleep duration and midpoint had higher average odds of consuming caffeinated beverages compared to others. After adolescents consumed ≥1 caffeinated beverage, they had later sleep onset that night and wake time the next morning than usual versus when they did not consume caffeine. Curbing caffeinated beverage consumption may aid in the maintenance of regular sleep schedules and advance sleep timing in adolescents.

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Sleep Insufficiency, Sleep Health Problems and Performance in High School Students

Clinical Medicine Insights Circulatory Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine ◽

10.4137/ccrpm.s7955 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. CCRPM.S7955 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Xue Ming ◽

Rebecca Koransky ◽

Victor Kang ◽

Sarah Buchman ◽

Christina E. Sarris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

School Performance ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Health Problems ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Poor School Performance ◽

School Start Times ◽

Poor School

A survey on sleep schedule, sleep health, school performance and school start times was conducted in 1,941 adolescents. A high level of early and circadian-disadvantaged sleep/wake schedules during weekdays was observed. Shorter sleep duration on weekdays was reported, especially in upper classmen. Complaints of inadequate sleep and sleepiness during weekdays, alarm clock use, and napping were prevalent. Night awakening and prolonged sleep onset were common and associated with poor school performance. Students with a sleep length of less than 7 hours on both weekdays and weekends exhibited poorer performance, while those who made up this sleep loss on weekends did not. The total number of poor sleep factors in an individual also correlated with poor school performance. Earlier school start times were associated with a perception of poor sleep quality, shorter sleep duration and more sleep health problems. We conclude that sleep inadequacies and sleep health problems were prevalent in this population, especially in those who started school earlier in the morning, and that these poor sleep factors were associated with school performance.

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Bidirectional Associations Between Activity Diversity and Sleep

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2248 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 652-652

Author(s):

Soomi Lee ◽

Susan Charles ◽

David Almeida

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Well Being ◽

Total Activity ◽

The United States ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Activity Data ◽

Bidirectional Relationship ◽

Bidirectional Associations

Abstract Activity diversity is important for psychological well-being and cognitive functioning. Yet, little is known about the relationship between activity diversity and sleep. This study examined how overall and nightly sleep health are associated with activity diversity. Participants (N=1841) from the Midlife in the United States Study II provided activity data for 8 days. We constructed overall and daily activity diversity scores. A composite score of overall sleep health across 8 dimensions and nightly sleep duration were measured. Analyses adjusted for sociodemographics, total activity time, and positive/negative affect. Participants with poorer sleep health overall had a lower activity diversity. On days following nights with short (<6hrs) or long (>8hrs) sleep duration, participants engaged in fewer-than-usual activities. Conversely, fewer daily activities also predicted long (but not short) sleep duration. Our results suggest cyclical associations between poor sleep health and activity diversity day-to-day, which, may accumulate over time to form a bidirectional relationship.

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Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Sleep Health by Age, Sex/Gender, and Race/Ethnicity in the United States

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17249475 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (24) ◽

pp. 9475

Author(s):

Dana M. Alhasan ◽

Symielle A. Gaston ◽

W. Braxton Jackson ◽

Patrice C. Williams ◽

Ichiro Kawachi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Social Cohesion ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

The United States ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Neighborhood Social Cohesion ◽

Waking Up

Although low neighborhood social cohesion (nSC) has been linked with poor sleep, studies of racially/ethnically diverse participants using multiple sleep dimensions remain sparse. Using National Health Interview Survey data, we examined overall, age, sex/gender, and racial/ethnic-specific associations between nSC and sleep health among 167,153 adults. Self-reported nSC was categorized into low, medium, and high. Very short sleep duration was defined as <6 hours; short as <7 h, recommended as 7–9 h, and long as ≥9 h. Sleep disturbances were assessed based on trouble falling and staying asleep, waking up feeling unrested, and using sleep medication (all ≥3 days/times in the previous week). Adjusting for sociodemographics and other confounders, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for sleep dimensions by low and medium vs. high nSC. The mean age of the sample was 47 ± 0.1 years, 52% of those included were women, and 69% were Non-Hispanic (NH)-White. Low vs. high nSC was associated with a higher prevalence of very short sleep (PR = 1.29; (95% CI = 1.23–1.36)). After adjustment, low vs. high nSC was associated with very short sleep duration among NH-White (PR = 1.34 (95% CI = 1.26–1.43)) and NH-Black (PR = 1.14 (95% CI = 1.02–1.28)) adults. Low nSC was associated with shorter sleep duration and sleep disturbances.

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Personality and Sleep Health: Do Lifestyle Habits Play a Role?

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1383 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 428-428

Author(s):

Karley Deason ◽

Christina Mu ◽

Soomi Lee

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Fast Food ◽

Multilevel Models ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Health Behavior Model ◽

Ecological Momentary ◽

Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract The health behavior model proposes that healthy/unhealthy behaviors may play a role in the relationship between personality and health. Previous research shows that personality traits are linked to sleep, however, few studies have considered the moderating role of unhealthy behaviors in the personality—sleep relationship. The current study investigated the associations between specific personality traits and sleep and whether the associations were moderated by unhealthy behaviors. Participants were 61 oncology nurses (Mage=35.39, SDage=11.73). They responded to a background survey that assessed the big five personality traits and engagement in unhealthy behaviors (i.e., exercise, smoking, fast food and alcohol consumption). For two weeks, ecological momentary assessments captured daily variability in sleep (i.e., quality, sufficiency, onset latency, insomnia, duration). A series of multilevel models was used. After controlling for sociodemographics and work shift, higher conscientiousness was associated with greater sleep sufficiency (B=0.31, p<.05) and lower odds of having insomnia symptoms (OR=0.24, p<.05). Moreover, higher agreeableness was associated with longer sleep duration (B= 0.51, p<.05) and lower odds of insomnia symptoms (OR=0.29, p<.05). Other personality domains were not associated with sleep, however, extraversion interacted with unhealthy behaviors to be associated with sleep. Those who were more extraverted reported lower odds of insomnia and better sleep sufficiency; these associations were significant only for those with less unhealthy behaviors. Findings suggest that conscientiousness and agreeableness were associated with sleep health. The interaction between extraversion and unhealthy behaviors suggests that reducing unhealthy behaviors may be beneficial to improving sleep in individuals with certain personality traits.

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223 Sleep Duration and Sleep Quality in Chronic Cannabis Users and Non-Users

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.222 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A89-A89

Author(s):

Caroline Tse ◽

Alicia Stewart ◽

Omar Ordaz-Johnson ◽

Maya Herzig ◽

Jacqueline Gagnon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Latency ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

The United States ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Sleep Diary ◽

Random Factor ◽

Time In Bed

Abstract Introduction Cannabis use is on the rise in the United States, with 10% of adults reporting cannabis use in the past 30 days. Users commonly report consuming cannabis to improve sleep despite the lack of research that supports an association between cannabis use and sleep. In this pilot study we sought to examine objective measures of sleep duration and sleep quality among non- and chronic-cannabis users, and any patterns in relation to the time since consumption of cannabis. Methods Chronic cannabis users (cannabis used 2 or more times/week) and non-users provided up to 2-weeks of actigraphy (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT), worn on the wrist and verified by sleep diary. Chronic cannabis users also reported the date, time, amount, and route of their cannabis use. Mixed-effects models with participant as a random factor were used to examine: 1) the relationship between daily sleep parameters in cannabis non-users vs. users; and 2) the elapsed time between cannabis use and time in bed in chronic cannabis users. Results Chronic cannabis users (n=6) and non-users (n=7) collectively provided 151 nights of sleep. Participant characteristics (38.5% female; age, 25.8 years ± 4 years; BMI, 23.4 kg/m2 ± 3.4 kg/m2) did not significantly differ between groups. Cannabis use was associated with decreased total sleep time (measured in hours, ß=-0.58, p<0.001) and increased wake after sleep onset (WASO, ß=32.79, p=0.005), but not with the number of awakenings (ß=6.02, p=0.068). Among chronic cannabis users, cannabis use within two hours of bed was associated with increased sleep latency compared to use greater than two hours (ß=6.66, p=0.026). There was no association between time of cannabis use and WASO (p=0.621) or the number of awakenings (p=0.617). Conclusion In this pilot study of objectively measured sleep, we found that chronic cannabis use compared to non-use is associated with decreased sleep duration of otherwise healthy adults. Cannabis used closer to bedtime is associated with increased sleep latency. Additional studies that are able to assess the mode and dosage of use are needed to further understand the effects of cannabis and its components on sleep. Support (if any) KL2TR002370, AASM, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences

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304 The relationship between basic personality, subjective sleep duration, and psychological distress during a military deployment

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.303 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A121-A121

Author(s):

Walter Sowden ◽

Alexxa Bessey ◽

Julie Merrill ◽

Ashlee Mckeon ◽

Jake Choynowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Big Five ◽

Military Personnel ◽

The United States ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Medicine Research ◽

Subjective Sleep ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Extended, overseas operations (deployments) increase the likelihood that military personnel will experience psychological distress. Reduced sleep during deployments is a key correlate of psychological distress. Thus, it is imperative to identify mechanisms that adaptively modulate the relationship between insufficient sleep and psychological distress. Research has recently connected basic personality traits (i.e., the Big Five: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness) to more sleep. The current project aimed to examine the relationship between basic personality traits, subjective sleep duration (SSD), and psychological distress during an operational deployment. Methods 488 soldiers took surveys both prior to and half-way through a nine-month deployment. The pre-deployment survey included the Big Five Index, and three standardized measures of psychological distress commonly used to screen military personnel for anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder; GAD-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-8), and post-traumatic stress (Posttraumatic Symptom Disorder Checklist; PCL-4). The mid-deployment survey included an item from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index measuring SSD and the same psychological distress measures from the pre-deployment survey. General linear models were used to test the interaction between SSD and each basic personality trait on each measure of psychological distress at mid-deployment while accounting for psychological distress at pre-deployment. Results Of the Big Five, conscientiousness was the only trait to significantly moderate the relationship between SSD and anxiety, t = 2.11, p = .035, where higher conscientiousness weakened the relationship. Further only agreeableness attenuated the relationship between depression and SSD, t = 2.10, p = .036. Interestingly, the only Big Five trait that moderated the relationship between SSD and PTS was openness, insomuch that openness strengthened the relationship, t = -1.92, p = .055. Conclusion The relationship between SSD and psychological distress was uniquely impacted by different personality traits. These results reinforce the age-old concept that behavior is the product of a complex, nuanced, and puzzling interaction between the individual and the environment. The current research motivates further research into personality as an adaptive mechanism for optimizing military wellbeing. Support (if any) Support for this study came from the Military Operational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP) of the United States Army Medical Research and Development Command (USAMRDC).

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142 Prenatal Sleep Quality and Infant Sleep: A Longitudinal Study

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.141 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A58-A59

Author(s):

Rebecca Burdayron ◽

Marie-Helene Pennestri ◽

Elizabeth Keys ◽

Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen ◽

Gerald Giesbrecht

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Future Research ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Infant Sleep ◽

Maternal Sleep ◽

Sleep Parameters

Abstract Introduction Poor sleep quality is common during pregnancy and can increase the risk of adverse obstetric and fetal outcomes. Existing research on the association between prenatal sleep and infant sleep is scarce and has focused on other aspects of prenatal sleep such as sleep duration, chronotype, and insomnia symptoms. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the association between prenatal sleep quality and infant sleep outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether maternal sleep quality during pregnancy was prospectively associated with infant sleep dimensions, independent of relevant covariates. Methods Participants were a subset of 272 mother-infant dyads enrolled in an ongoing cohort study. Maternal prenatal sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in early to mid- (M gestational age = 15.12 ± 3.56 weeks) and late- (M gestational age = 32.44 ± 0.99 weeks) pregnancy. Mothers completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) at 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum. The following infant sleep parameters were assessed: sleep duration (day, night, 24-hour), number of night awakenings, and wake after sleep onset. Prenatal depressive symptoms were assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at both pregnancy time points. Other covariates included maternal age at enrollment, infant age, parity, and co-sleeping status. Results Generalized estimating equations (GEE) models revealed that poorer maternal sleep quality during early-to-mid pregnancy did not significantly predict infant sleep parameters after adjustment for covariates (p > .05). However, in late pregnancy, poorer maternal sleep quality significantly predicted shorter 24-hour sleep duration and longer wake after sleep onset, but not daytime sleep duration, nighttime sleep duration, and number of night awakenings (p < .05). Conclusion Study findings advance our understanding of the prospective link between maternal prenatal sleep quality and infant sleep. Results indicate that maternal sleep quality during late gestation may play a role in the development of infant sleep patterns. These findings have important implications for intervention efforts targeting maternal sleep quality during pregnancy. Future research should use objective measures of sleep, such as actigraphy, to better elucidate the effects of prenatal sleep quality on infant sleep outcomes. Support (if any) The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)

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