Education on Mercury Exposure from Fish and its Product in Elementary Students in Kenjeran Beach Area, Surabaya: A Study Protocol

Fish is one of the high protein food sources that could be found easily in Indonesia. recent trends in industrialization and human activity (e.g., agriculture) that started the degradation of environmental quality such as mercury contamination in fish. This problem has become a concern because the incident occurs more frequently and could affect the health condition both in the long and short term. A quasi-experimental study will be conducted at public school located in Kenjeran District, Surabaya. The framework of Health Behavior Model theory is used to educate the students on the danger of mercury contamination in fish and its products. This study aimed to increase the student’s knowledge on the danger of mercury contamination in fish and its products. This study targets elementary school children with total 135 students. The Universal Trial Number (UTN) of this study is U1111-1269-3728. This study also has been approved by the TCTR Committee with identification number TCTR20210913003.

Personality and Sleep Health: Do Lifestyle Habits Play a Role?

The health behavior model proposes that healthy/unhealthy behaviors may play a role in the relationship between personality and health. Previous research shows that personality traits are linked to sleep, however, few studies have considered the moderating role of unhealthy behaviors in the personality—sleep relationship. The current study investigated the associations between specific personality traits and sleep and whether the associations were moderated by unhealthy behaviors. Participants were 61 oncology nurses (Mage=35.39, SDage=11.73). They responded to a background survey that assessed the big five personality traits and engagement in unhealthy behaviors (i.e., exercise, smoking, fast food and alcohol consumption). For two weeks, ecological momentary assessments captured daily variability in sleep (i.e., quality, sufficiency, onset latency, insomnia, duration). A series of multilevel models was used. After controlling for sociodemographics and work shift, higher conscientiousness was associated with greater sleep sufficiency (B=0.31, p<.05) and lower odds of having insomnia symptoms (OR=0.24, p<.05). Moreover, higher agreeableness was associated with longer sleep duration (B= 0.51, p<.05) and lower odds of insomnia symptoms (OR=0.29, p<.05). Other personality domains were not associated with sleep, however, extraversion interacted with unhealthy behaviors to be associated with sleep. Those who were more extraverted reported lower odds of insomnia and better sleep sufficiency; these associations were significant only for those with less unhealthy behaviors. Findings suggest that conscientiousness and agreeableness were associated with sleep health. The interaction between extraversion and unhealthy behaviors suggests that reducing unhealthy behaviors may be beneficial to improving sleep in individuals with certain personality traits.

The Health Behavior Model of Personality in the Context of a Public Health Crisis

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommended behavioral measures to slow the spread of COVID-19. Here, we report a pre-registered longitudinal study which investigated personality predictors of compliance with CDC recommendations in diverse U.S. adults across five waves from March through August, 2020 (N=596) and cross-sectionally in August, 2020 (N=405). Agreeableness—characterized by compassion—was a strong predictor of compliance, above and beyond other traits and demographic predictors. The effect of agreeableness was robust across two diverse samples, three sets of sensitivity analyses, and was not moderated by time or demographic variables. These findings highlight the strong theoretical and practical utility of testing long-standing psychological theories using rigorous methods during real-world crises. We discuss implications of these findings for the health behavior model of personality and make recommendations for combining current health-behavior messaging with alternative appeals that are more likely to reach less agreeable individuals.

Systematic Literature Review on strengthening Eye Care Follow-Up Among Glaucoma Patients in Limpopo Province

Background: Adherence to prescribed glaucoma medications is often poor and proper adherence can be challenging for most patients Objective: The purpose of this systematic literature review is to identify and evaluate studies that have tested the impact of each intervention on glaucoma adherence based on their quality outcome measure. Methods: A comprehensive search of database was conducted from January 2009 to January 2019. We systematically reviewed the literature and identified sixteen studies that used educational interventions to improve glaucoma medication adherence. Eleven out of 16 eligible studies were subjected to Randomized Controlled Trial (RCTs) and the remaining four were reviewed as observational studies. One study was reviewed through both observational plus randomized control trial method. Results: Out of the eleven (68.75%) RCTs interventions done, five (31.25%) showed improvement in medication adherence and persistence with eye drop instillation, whereas (n=6) did not show any significant improvement on their medication adherence. The quality of each study was evaluated using the Jadad score calculation and the Ottawa-Newcastle. Conclusion: Using information from this systematic review and Health Behavior Model, we created a theoretical framework to illustrate how counseling and education can improve medication adherence amongst glaucoma patients in the country.

Understanding Adolescents’ Need Support, Need Satisfaction, and Health-Related Outcomes: A Self-Determination Health Behavior Perspective

School physical education (PE) as an important social context can promote adolescents’ physical health and contributes to their mental health. Guided by the self-determination health behavior model, the study aimed to examine a structural mediation model to investigate the relationships among perceived need support from PE teachers, psychological need satisfaction, and adolescents’ health-related outcomes. Participants were 300 adolescents (Mage = 14.48; 50.3% girls) recruited from five middle schools in Shanghai, China. They completed previously validated questionnaires assessing their perceived need support from PE teachers, psychological need satisfaction, leisure time physical activity (LTPA), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The hypothesized model demonstrated a good fit (χ2/df = 3.4, p < 0.01; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.09; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.06; Bentler–Bonett Nonnormed Fit Index (NFI)= 0.92; Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.94; 90% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.07, 0.11]). The findings indicated that three basic psychological needs can be satisfied by perceived need support from PE teachers, and psychological need satisfaction was positively associated with health-related outcomes such as LTPA and HRQOL. In addition, psychological need satisfaction mediated the relationship between perceived need support from PE teachers and health-related outcomes such as LTPA and HRQOL in the present study. The findings supported the theoretical tenets of the self-determination health behavior model and its generalizability among Chinese adolescent students.

Associations Between Personality and Health Behaviors Across the Life Span

Personality traits are robust predictors of health over the life span and behavioral choices connect personality to health. Personality characteristics predict whether individuals will engage in health-promoting or health-detrimental behaviors. The chapter examines personality–behavior associations and reviews the Health Behavior Model of personality and associated literature. It focuses on how the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study has advanced research by discussing both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between personality traits and behavior and interactive effects among personality traits. Findings suggest that higher levels of neuroticism and lower levels of conscientiousness are associated with engagement in detrimental behaviors. These associations tend to persist over time. Also discussed are the methodological advances using MIDUS data to formally test mediation models. Future directions can advance understanding of personality–behavior associations, including examining the bidirectional relationship between behavior and personality and identifying whether such associations differ by age.

Physical activity mediates the association between personality and biomarkers of inflammation

Objectives: The current study investigated whether personality traits and facets were associated with interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen, and whether physical activity mediated the relationship between personality and biomarkers of inflammation. Methods: Personality was assessed in the Midlife Development in the United States study using the Multi-Dimensional Personality Questionnaire and Midlife Development Inventory personality scale. Data were included from 960 participants (mean age = 57.86 years, standard deviation = 11.46). Personality was assessed from 2004 to 2009. Serum levels of interleukin-6, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein were assessed in 2005–2009 as part of the Midlife Development in the United States biomarkers subproject. Results: Lower neuroticism was associated with elevated interleukin-6, and achievement was associated with lower fibrinogen. Higher physical activity was associated with lower interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. Mediation models suggested that physical activity mediated the associations between achievement and both interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. Discussion: Physical activity is an important factor in the Health Behavior Model of personality and explains some of the associations between personality and inflammation. These findings contribute to the fields of aging and health by linking individual difference factors to markers of inflammation, and showing that these processes may function partially through specific behaviors, in this case physical activity.