Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism, Lower Extremity Strength, and Physical Performance in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 998-1009
Author(s):  
Kurt Shuler ◽  
Joseph F Sucic ◽  
Susan Ann Talley ◽  
Allon Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Extremity Strength ◽  
Ace Genotype ◽  
And Performance

AbstractBackgroundEvidence for associations between the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and physical performance is conflicting. Furthermore, investigations of relationships between lower extremity strength and physical performance have usually not considered the role of the ACE genotype, and it is unclear whether there are variations in relationships between lower extremity strength and physical performance among ACE genotypes in older adults.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to investigate associations between the ACE I/D polymorphism and physical performance and to determine whether relationships between lower extremity strength and physical performance vary among ACE genotypes in older adults.DesignThis was a cross-sectional observational study.MethodsCommunity-dwelling adults (N = 88) who were at least 60 years old completed physical performance and lower extremity strength tests. After DNA was extracted from saliva, ACE I/D polymorphism genotyping was done. The Spearman rank order correlation coefficient was used to examine associations between lower extremity strength and physical performance within ACE genotype subgroups. Analysis of covariance and linear regression were used to examine ACE genotype and ACE genotype × lower extremity strength interaction effects in relation to physical performance.ResultsGenotype-specific correlation coefficients exhibited substantial variation among ACE genotype subgroups; however, differences did not attain statistical significance. Statistically significant genotype × lower extremity strength interaction effects in relation to physical performance were detected.LimitationsThe cross-sectional design precludes inferring causal relationships between strength and performance. The small sample size contributed to limited power to detect additional interaction effects and to detect statistically significant differences between correlation coefficients among ACE genotype subgroups.ConclusionsThe ACE I/D polymorphism is, interactively with lower extremity strength, associated with physical performance. Genotype-specific correlation coefficients and ACE genotype × lower extremity strength interaction effects on physical performance are consistent with variations in relationships between lower extremity strength and performance among ACE genotype subgroups.

scholarly journals Relations of Executive Function and Physical Performance in Middle Adulthood: A Prospective Investigation in African American and White Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. e56-e68
Author(s):  
Daniel K Leibel ◽  
Megan R Williams ◽  
Leslie I Katzel ◽  
Michele K Evans ◽  
Alan B Zonderman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Middle Adulthood ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lower Extremity Strength ◽  
Performance Decline

Abstract Objectives Previous studies in older adults found robust associations between executive functions (EF) and physical performance, as well as sociodemographic variation in physical performance decline. To examine these associations earlier in the adult lifespan, we investigated relations of EF, race, and sex with age-related physical performance decline during middle adulthood. Method Participants were 2,084 urban-dwelling adults (57.2% female; 57.8% African American; 37.3% living in poverty; mean baseline age = 48.1) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study. Mixed-effects regression was used to examine interactive relations among EF, race, sex, and age (indexing time) with change in dominant and nondominant handgrip strength and lower extremity strength over approximately 5 years. All analyses adjusted for poverty status, and subsequently adjusted for education, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes. Results There were no significant prospective associations between EF and decline in physical performance measures. Significant cross-sectional associations revealed that lower EF was associated with worse performance on all physical performance measures averaged across both time points (p < .05). A significant two-way interaction of Sex × Age (p = .019) revealed that men experienced greater age-related decline in lower extremity strength than women. Discussion Findings did not reveal prospective associations between EF and physical performance decline in middle adulthood. However, they identified robust cross-sectional associations between EF and physical performance, and unexpectedly greater decline in lower extremity strength in men than women. Ultimately, these findings may inform prevention and intervention strategies targeting groups at risk for poorer physical function status and decline.

scholarly journals Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype and physical performance during US Army basic training

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 1355-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Sonna ◽  
Marilyn A. Sharp ◽  
Joseph J. Knapik ◽  
Michael Cullivan ◽  
Karen C. Angel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ace Genotype ◽  
And Performance

Prior studies have suggested that angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) genotype correlates with superior physical performance in highly selected populations. This study assessed whether such an association exists in a heterogeneous population. Using polymerase chain reaction techniques, we determined the ACE genotypes (insertion/insertion, deletion/insertion, or deletion/deletion) of 62 male and 85 female US Army recruits. Before and after 8 wk of basic training, we determined peak oxygen uptake and performance on the Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT), which includes standardized measures of muscular endurance (sit-ups, push-ups) and a 2-mile run. Subjects of different ACE genotypes had similar peak oxygen uptakes and APFT scores, both before and after training. Subjects with genotype II had higher APFT scores than others, but the differences were not statistically significant. Furthermore, no ACE genotype group had a performance advantage in analyses that adjusted for baseline fitness. We conclude that ACE genotype does not have a strong effect on aerobic power or muscular endurance in healthy, young American adults drawn from an ethnically and geographically diverse population.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Sleep Health and Physical Functioning in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 428-428
Author(s):  
Caitlan Tighe ◽  
Ryan Brindle ◽  
Sarah Stahl ◽  
Meredith Wallace ◽  
Adam Bramoweth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
The United States ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Lower Extremity Strength ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Abstract Prior studies link specific sleep parameters to physical functioning in older adults. Recent work suggests the utility of examining sleep health from a multidimensional perspective, enabling consideration of an individual’s experience across multiple different sleep parameters (e.g., quality, duration, timing). We examined the associations of multidimensional sleep health with objective, performance-based measures of physical functioning in older adults. We conducted a secondary analysis of 158 adults (Mage=71.8 years; 51.9% female) who participated in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) 2 and MIDUS Refresher studies. We used data from daily diaries, wrist actigraphy, and self-report measures to derive a composite multidimensional sleep health score ranging from 0-6, with higher scores indicating better sleep health. Physical function was assessed using gait speed during a 50-foot timed walk, lower extremity strength as measured by a chair stand test, and grip strength assessed with dynamometers. We used hierarchical regression to examine the associations between sleep health and gait speed, lower extremity strength, and grip strength. Age, sex, race, education, depression symptoms, medical comorbidity, and body mass index were covariates in each model. In adjusted analyses, better multidimensional sleep health was significantly associated with faster gait speed (B=.03, p=.01). Multidimensional sleep health was not significantly associated with lower limb strength (B=-.12, p=.89) or grip strength (B=.45, p=.40). Gait speed is a key indicator of functional capacity as well as morbidity and mortality in older adults. Multidimensional sleep health may be a therapeutic target for improving physical functioning and health in older adults.

scholarly journals Physical performance and activity among older adults visiting primary healthcare centres in Riyadh

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 030006052095689
Author(s):  
Saad M. Bindawas ◽  
Vishal Vennu ◽  
Ayidh M. Alqarni ◽  
Tariq A. Abdulrahman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Activities

Objective To assess physical performance (PP) and physical activity (PA) among older adults visiting primary healthcare centres (PHCCs) in Riyadh. Methods In this cross-sectional study, men and women (n = 74) aged ≥60 years were recruited from five PHCCs across Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 19 February and 6 August 2017. The Timed Up & Go test was used to assess PP. Self-reported PA was assessed using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. Means and standard deviations were used to describe PP and PA scores across genders. A two-tailed independent samples t-test was used to estimate mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between genders. Results Men scored significantly lower than women on PP (MD: 2.11, 95% CI: 0.59 to 3.64) and PA (MD: −46.1, 95% CI: −80.96 to −11.25). Significant gender differences were observed for leisure time activities (MD: 17.35, 95% CI: 3.29 to 31.40), light household activities (MD: –10.86, 95% CI: –16.19 to –5.53) and heavy household activities (MD: –6.48, 95% CI: –11.73 to –1.23). Conclusions Men show significantly lower PP and PA than women. There are gender differences in leisure time activities and in light and heavy household activities.

Association Between Balance and Lower Extremity Strength in Older Adults Aged 50 to 74

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin D. Stover ◽  
Ryan Z. Amick ◽  
David E. Geddam ◽  
Kaelin C. Young ◽  
Jeremy A. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Lower Extremity Strength

scholarly journals The Influence of Upper and Lower Extremity Strength on Performance-Based Sarcopenia Assessment Tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Harris-Love ◽  
Kimberly Benson ◽  
Erin Leasure ◽  
Bernadette Adams ◽  
Valerie McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Grip Force ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Lower Extremity Strength

The optimal management of sarcopenia requires appropriate endpoint measures to determine intervention efficacy. While hand grip strength is a predictor of morbidity and mortality, lower extremity strength may be better associated with functional activities in comparison to hand grip strength. The purpose of our study was to examine the comparative association of upper and lower extremity strength with common measures of physical performance in older adults. Thirty community-dwelling men, aged 62.5 ± 9.2 years, completed body composition analysis, quantitative strength testing, and performance-based tests of functional status. Hand grip force values were not significantly associated with knee extensor or flexor torque values (p > 0.05). Hand grip force was only associated with fast gait speed, while knee extensor torque at 60°/s was the only variable significantly associated across all functional outcome measures: customary gait speed, fast gait speed, sit to stand time, and the Physical Performance Test (p < 0.02). Hand grip strength was not a proxy measure of lower extremity strength as assessed in this study. Overall, lower extremity muscle strength values had the strongest associations with participant functional performance. Lower extremity strength testing may provide additional value as an endpoint measure in the assessment and clinical management of sarcopenia.

DHERENCE TO A MEDITERRANEAN DIET IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH RISK OF SARCOPENIC SYMPTOMOLOGY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE OLDER ADULTS IN AUSTRALIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
A. Stanton ◽  
J. Buckley ◽  
A. Villani
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is inversely associated with sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to examine the association between adherence to a MedDiet and sarcopenic symptomology in obese older adults. For confirmation of sarcopenia, low appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM: males, ≤7.25kg/m2; females, ≤5.5kg/m2) accompanied low handgrip strength (males, ≤30kg; females, ≤20kg) or low physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB]: ≤8; or gait speed: ≤0.8m/sec). Adherence to a MedDiet was determined using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Sixty-five older adults were included. Adherence to a MedDiet was not associated with a decreased risk of sarcopenic symptomology (SPPB: OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.01-3.1; P = 0.234; Muscle strength: OR = 1.81; 95% CI: 0.32-10.15; P = 0.499; Gait speed: OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.13-2.50; P = 0.468). Future research should investigate whether a Mediterranean-style intervention can prevent or improve sarcopenic symptomology, including in non-Mediterranean populations.

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