scholarly journals Genome sequence of the agarwood tree Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng: the first chromosome-level draft genome in the Thymelaeceae family

GigaScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xupo Ding ◽  
Wenli Mei ◽  
Qiang Lin ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Aquilaria Sinensis ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
High Level ◽  
Chromosome Level

Abstract Backgroud Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng is one of the important plant resources involved in the production of agarwood in China. The agarwood resin collected from wounded Aquilaria trees has been used in Asia for aromatic or medicinal purposes from ancient times, although the mechanism underlying the formation of agarwood still remains poorly understood owing to a lack of accurate and high-quality genetic information. Findings We report the genomic architecture of A. sinensis by using an integrated strategy combining Nanopore, Illumina, and Hi-C sequencing. The final genome was ∼726.5 Mb in size, which reached a high level of continuity and a contig N50 of 1.1 Mb. We combined Hi-C data with the genome assembly to generate chromosome-level scaffolds. Eight super-scaffolds corresponding to the 8 chromosomes were assembled to a final size of 716.6 Mb, with a scaffold N50 of 88.78 Mb using 1,862 contigs. BUSCO evaluation reveals that the genome completeness reached 95.27%. The repeat sequences accounted for 59.13%, and 29,203 protein-coding genes were annotated in the genome. According to phylogenetic analysis using single-copy orthologous genes, we found that A. sinensis is closely related to Gossypium hirsutum and Theobroma cacao from the Malvales order, and A. sinensis diverged from their common ancestor ∼53.18–84.37 million years ago. Conclusions Here, we present the first chromosome-level genome assembly and gene annotation of A. sinensis. This study should contribute to valuable genetic resources for further research on the agarwood formation mechanism, genome-assisted improvement, and conservation biology of Aquilaria species.

scholarly journals Improved chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation of the seagrass, Zostera marina (eelgrass)

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Xiao Ma ◽  
Jeanine L. Olsen ◽  
Thorsten B.H. Reusch ◽  
Gabriele Procaccini ◽  
Dave Kudrna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
High Molecular Weight Dna ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Sanger Sequence ◽  
Assembly Pipeline ◽  
Chromosome Level

Background: Seagrasses (Alismatales) are the only fully marine angiosperms. Zostera marina (eelgrass) plays a crucial role in the functioning of coastal marine ecosystems and global carbon sequestration. It is the most widely studied seagrass and has become a marine model system for exploring adaptation under rapid climate change. The original draft genome (v.1.0) of the seagrass Z. marina (L.) was based on a combination of Illumina mate-pair libraries and fosmid-ends. A total of 25.55 Gb of Illumina and 0.14 Gb of Sanger sequence was obtained representing 47.7× genomic coverage. The assembly resulted in ~2000 unordered scaffolds (L50 of 486 Kb), a final genome assembly size of 203MB, 20,450 protein coding genes and 63% TE content. Here, we present an upgraded chromosome-scale genome assembly and compare v.1.0 and the new v.3.1, reconfirming previous results from Olsen et al. (2016), as well as pointing out new findings.   Methods: The same high molecular weight DNA used in the original sequencing of the Finnish clone was used. A high-quality reference genome was assembled with the MECAT assembly pipeline combining PacBio long-read sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding.  Results: In total, 75.97 Gb PacBio data was produced. The final assembly comprises six pseudo-chromosomes and 304 unanchored scaffolds with a total length of 260.5Mb and an N50 of 34.6 MB, showing high contiguity and few gaps (~0.5%). 21,483 protein-encoding genes are annotated in this assembly, of which 20,665 (96.2%) obtained at least one functional assignment based on similarity to known proteins.  Conclusions: As an important marine angiosperm, the improved Z. marina genome assembly will further assist evolutionary, ecological, and comparative genomics at the chromosome level. The new genome assembly will further our understanding into the structural and physiological adaptations from land to marine life.

scholarly journals A chromosome-level draft genome of the grain aphid Sitobion miscanthi

GigaScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Yaoguo Qin ◽  
Hang Yin ◽  
Siyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Draft Genome Assembly ◽  
Environmentally Safe

AbstractBackgroundSitobion miscanthi is an ideal model for studying host plant specificity, parthenogenesis-based phenotypic plasticity, and interactions between insects and other species of various trophic levels, such as viruses, bacteria, plants, and natural enemies. However, the genome information for this species has not yet to be sequenced and published. Here, we analyzed the entire genome of a parthenogenetic female aphid colony using Pacific Biosciences long-read sequencing and Hi-C data to generate chromosome-length scaffolds and a highly contiguous genome assembly.ResultsThe final draft genome assembly from 33.88 Gb of raw data was ∼397.90 Mb in size, with a 2.05 Mb contig N50. Nine chromosomes were further assembled based on Hi-C data to a 377.19 Mb final size with a 36.26 Mb scaffold N50. The identified repeat sequences accounted for 26.41% of the genome, and 16,006 protein-coding genes were annotated. According to the phylogenetic analysis, S. miscanthi is closely related to Acyrthosiphon pisum, with S. miscanthi diverging from their common ancestor ∼25.0–44.9 million years ago.ConclusionsWe generated a high-quality draft of the S. miscanthi genome. This genome assembly should help promote research on the lifestyle and feeding specificity of aphids and their interactions with each other and species at other trophic levels. It can serve as a resource for accelerating genome-assisted improvements in insecticide-resistant management and environmentally safe aphid management.

scholarly journals The draft chromosome-level genome assembly of tetraploid ground cherry (Prunus fruticosa Pall.) from long reads

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W Woehner ◽  
Ofere Francis Emeriewen ◽  
Alexander Wittenberg ◽  
Harrie Schneiders ◽  
Ilse Vrijenhoek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Draft Genome Assembly ◽  
Repeat Content ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Chromosome Level

Background: Cherries are stone fruits and belong to the economically important plant family of Rosaceae with worldwide cultivation of different species. The ground cherry, Prunus fruticosa Pall. is one ancestor of cultivated sour cherry, an important tetraploid cherry species. Here, we present a long read chromosome-level draft genome assembly and related plastid sequences using the Oxford Nanopore Technology PromethION platform and R10.3 pore type. Finding: The final assemblies obtained from 117.3 Gb cleaned reads representing 97x coverage of expected 1.2 Gb tetraploid (2n=4x=32) and 0.3 Gb haploid (1n=8) genome sequence of P. fruticosa were calculated. The N50 contig length ranged between 0.3 and 0.5 Mb with the longest contig being ~6 Mb. BUSCO estimated a completeness between 98.7 % for the 4n and 96.1 % for the 1n datasets. Using a homology and reference based scaffolding method, we generated a final consensus genome sequence of 366 Mb comprising eight chromosomes. The N50 scaffold was ~44 Mb with the longest chromosome being 66.5 Mb. The repeat content was estimated to ~190 Mb (52 %) and 58,880 protein-coding genes were annotated. The chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes were 158,217 bp and 383,281 bp long, which is in accordance with previously published plastid sequences. Conclusion: This is the first report of the genome of ground cherry (P. fruticosa) sequenced by long read technology only. The datasets obtained from this study provide a foundation for future breeding, molecular and evolutionary analysis in Prunus studies.

scholarly journals The First Highly Contiguous Genome Assembly of Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), an Emerging Aquaculture Species in Europe

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Alban Nguinkal ◽  
Ronald Marco Brunner ◽  
Marieke Verleih ◽  
Alexander Rebl ◽  
Lidia de los Ríos-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Gene Prediction ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Sander Lucioperca ◽  
Illumina Platform ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Draft Genome Assembly ◽  
And Performance

The pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) is a fresh and brackish water Percid fish natively inhabiting the northern hemisphere. This species is emerging as a promising candidate for intensive aquaculture production in Europe. Specific traits like cannibalism, growth rate and meat quality require genomics based understanding, for an optimal husbandry and domestication process. Still, the aquaculture community is lacking an annotated genome sequence to facilitate genome-wide studies on pikeperch. Here, we report the first highly contiguous draft genome assembly of Sander lucioperca. In total, 413 and 66 giga base pairs of DNA sequencing raw data were generated with the Illumina platform and PacBio Sequel System, respectively. The PacBio data were assembled into a final assembly size of ~900 Mb covering 89% of the 1,014 Mb estimated genome size. The draft genome consisted of 1966 contigs ordered into 1,313 scaffolds. The contig and scaffold N50 lengths are 3.0 Mb and 4.9 Mb, respectively. The identified repetitive structures accounted for 39% of the genome. We utilized homologies to other ray-finned fishes, and ab initio gene prediction methods to predict 21,249 protein-coding genes in the Sander lucioperca genome, of which 88% were functionally annotated by either sequence homology or protein domains and signatures search. The assembled genome spans 97.6% and 96.3% of Vertebrate and Actinopterygii single-copy orthologs, respectively. The outstanding mapping rate (99.9%) of genomic PE-reads on the assembly suggests an accurate and nearly complete genome reconstruction. This draft genome sequence is the first genomic resource for this promising aquaculture species. It will provide an impetus for genomic-based breeding studies targeting phenotypic and performance traits of captive pikeperch.

scholarly journals Chromosome-level genome assembly of the greenfin horse-faced filefish (Thamnaconus septentrionalis) using Oxford Nanopore PromethION sequencing and Hi-C technology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Bian ◽  
Fenghui Li ◽  
Jianlong Ge ◽  
Pengfei Wang ◽  
Qing Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Marine Aquaculture ◽  
West Pacific Ocean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Chromosome Level

AbstractThe greenfin horse-faced filefish, Thamnaconus septentrionalis, is a valuable commercial fish species that is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. It has characteristic blue-green fins, rough skin and spine-like first dorsal fin. T. septentrionalis is of a conservation concern as a result of sharply population decline, and it is an important marine aquaculture fish species in China. The genomic resources of this filefish are lacking and no reference genome has been released. In this study, the first chromosome-level genome of T. septentrionalis was constructed using Nanopore sequencing and Hi-C technology. A total of 50.95 Gb polished Nanopore sequence were generated and were assembled to 474.31 Mb genome, accounting for 96.45% of the estimated genome size of this filefish. The assembled genome contained only 242 contigs, and the achieved contig N50 was 22.46 Mb, reaching a surprising high level among all the sequenced fish species. Hi-C scaffolding of the genome resulted in 20 pseudo-chromosomes containing 99.44% of the total assembled sequences. The genome contained 67.35 Mb repeat sequences, accounting for 14.2% of the assembly. A total of 22,067 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 94.82% were successfully annotated with putative functions. Furthermore, a phylogenetic tree was constructed using 1,872 single-copy gene families and 67 unique gene families were identified in the filefish genome. This high quality assembled genome will be a valuable genomic resource for understanding the biological characteristics and for facilitating breeding of T. septentrionalis.

scholarly journals Draft genome of a porcupinefish, Diodon Holocanthus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyang Xu ◽  
Xiaoshan Su ◽  
Mengqi Zhang ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Xiaoyun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Phylogeny And Evolution ◽  
Downstream Analysis

AbstractThe long-spine porcupinefish, Diodon holocanthus (Diodontidae, Tetraodontiformes, Actinopterygii), also known as the freckled porcupinefish, attracts great interest of ecology and economy. Its distinct characteristics including inflation reaction, spiny skin and tetradotoxin, however, have not been fully studied without a complete genome assembly.In this study, the whole genome of a single individual was sequenced using single tube-Long Fragment Read co-barcode reads, generating 154.3 Gb of paired-end data (219.8× depth). The gap was further filled using small amount of Oxford Nanopore MinION long read dataset (11.4Gb, 15.9× depth). Taking full use of long, medium, short-range of genome assembly information, the final assembled sequences with a total length of 650.02 Mb obtained contig and scaffold N50 sizes of 2.15 Mb and 8.13 Mb, respectively, despite of high repetitive content. Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs captured 95.7% (2,474) of core genes to assess the completeness. In addition, 206.5 Mb (32.10%) of repetitive sequences were identified, and 20,840 protein-coding genes were annotated, among which 18,281 (87.72%) proteins were assigned with possible functions.This is the first demonstration of de novo genome of the porcupinefish, which will benefit downstream analysis of ontogeny, phylogeny, and evolution, and improve the exploration of its unique defensive mechanism.

scholarly journals Chromosome Genome Assembly of Cromileptes altivelis Reveals Loss of Genome Fragment in Cromileptes Compared with Epinephelus Species

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1873
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Lina Wu ◽  
Zhuoying Weng ◽  
Xi Wu ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Substance Metabolism ◽  
Mapk Signal Pathway ◽  
Chromosome Level

The humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis), an Epinephelidae species, is patchily distributed in the reef habitats of Western Pacific water. This grouper possesses a remarkably different body shape and notably low growth rate compared with closely related grouper species. For promoting further research of the grouper, in the present study, a high-quality chromosome-level genome of humpback grouper was assembled using PacBio sequencing and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) technology. The assembled genome was 1.013 Gb in size with 283 contigs, of which, a total of 143 contigs with 1.011 Gb in size were correctly anchored into 24 chromosomes. Moreover, a total of 26,037 protein-coding genes were predicted, of them, 25,243 (96.95%) genes could be functionally annotated. The high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly will provide pivotal genomic information for future research of the speciation, evolution and molecular-assisted breeding in humpback groupers. In addition, phylogenetic analysis based on shared single-copy orthologues of the grouper species showed that the humpback grouper is included in the Epinephelus genus and clustered with the giant grouper in one clade with a divergence time of 9.86 Myr. In addition, based on the results of collinearity analysis, a gap in chromosome 6 of the humpback grouper was detected; the missed genes were mainly associated with immunity, substance metabolism and the MAPK signal pathway. The loss of the parts of genes involved in these biological processes might affect the disease resistance, stress tolerance and growth traits in humpback groupers. The present research will provide new insight into the evolution and origin of the humpback grouper.

scholarly journals Datura genome reveals duplications of psychoactive alkaloid biosynthetic genes and high mutation rate following tissue culture

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Rajewski ◽  
Derreck Carter-House ◽  
Jason Stajich ◽  
Amy Litt
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Tropane Alkaloids ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Tropane Alkaloid ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Culture Process

Abstract Background Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed) is a medicinally and pharmaceutically important plant in the nightshade family (Solanaceae) known for its production of various toxic, hallucinogenic, and therapeutic tropane alkaloids. Recently, we published a tissue-culture based transformation protocol for D. stramonium that enables more thorough functional genomics studies of this plant. However, the tissue culture process can lead to undesirable phenotypic and genomic consequences independent of the transgene used. Here, we have assembled and annotated a draft genome of D. stramonium with a focus on tropane alkaloid biosynthetic genes. We then use mRNA sequencing and genome resequencing of transformants to characterize changes following tissue culture. Results Our draft assembly conforms to the expected 2 gigabasepair haploid genome size of this plant and achieved a BUSCO score of 94.7% complete, single-copy genes. The repetitive content of the genome is 61%, with Gypsy-type retrotransposons accounting for half of this. Our gene annotation estimates the number of protein-coding genes at 52,149 and shows evidence of duplications in two key alkaloid biosynthetic genes, tropinone reductase I and hyoscyamine 6 β-hydroxylase. Following tissue culture, we detected only 186 differentially expressed genes, but were unable to correlate these changes in expression with either polymorphisms from resequencing or positional effects of transposons. Conclusions We have assembled, annotated, and characterized the first draft genome for this important model plant species. Using this resource, we show duplications of genes leading to the synthesis of the medicinally important alkaloid, scopolamine. Our results also demonstrate that following tissue culture, mutation rates of transformed plants are quite high (1.16 × 10− 3 mutations per site), but do not have a drastic impact on gene expression.

scholarly journals A genome assembly of the Atlantic chub mackerel (Scomber colias): a valuable teleost fishing resource

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Machado ◽  
Andre Gomes-dos-Santos ◽  
Miguel Fonseca ◽  
Rute da Fonseca ◽  
Ana Verissimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Chub Mackerel ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Draft Genome Assembly ◽  
Scomber Colias ◽  
A Genome

The Atlantic chub mackerel, Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789, is a medium-size pelagic fish with substantial importance in the fisheries of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Over the past decade, this species has gained special relevance being one of the main targets of pelagic fisheries in the NE Atlantic. Here, we sequenced and annotated the first high-quality draft genome assembly of S. colias, produced with Pacbio HiFi long reads and Illumina Paired-End short reads. The estimated genome size is 814 Mb distributed into 2,028 scaffolds and 2,093 contigs with an N50 length of 4,19 and 3,34 Mb, respectively. We annotated 27,675 protein-coding genes and the BUSCO analyses indicated high completeness, with 97.3 % of the single-copy orthologs in the Actinopterygii library profile. The present genome assembly represents a valuable resource to address the biology and management of this relevant fishery. Finally, this is the fourth high-quality genome assembly within the Order Scombriformes and the first in the genus Scomber.

scholarly journals Canfam_GSD: De novo chromosome-length genome assembly of the German Shepherd Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) using a combination of long reads, optical mapping, and Hi-C

GigaScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt A Field ◽  
Benjamin D Rosen ◽  
Olga Dudchenko ◽  
Eva K F Chan ◽  
Andre E Minoche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
German Shepherd Dog ◽  
First Choice

Abstract Background The German Shepherd Dog (GSD) is one of the most common breeds on earth and has been bred for its utility and intelligence. It is often first choice for police and military work, as well as protection, disability assistance, and search-and-rescue. Yet, GSDs are well known to be susceptible to a range of genetic diseases that can interfere with their training. Such diseases are of particular concern when they occur later in life, and fully trained animals are not able to continue their duties. Findings Here, we provide the draft genome sequence of a healthy German Shepherd female as a reference for future disease and evolutionary studies. We generated this improved canid reference genome (CanFam_GSD) utilizing a combination of Pacific Bioscience, Oxford Nanopore, 10X Genomics, Bionano, and Hi-C technologies. The GSD assembly is ∼80 times as contiguous as the current canid reference genome (20.9 vs 0.267 Mb contig N50), containing far fewer gaps (306 vs 23,876) and fewer scaffolds (429 vs 3,310) than the current canid reference genome CanFamv3.1. Two chromosomes (4 and 35) are assembled into single scaffolds with no gaps. BUSCO analyses of the genome assembly results show that 93.0% of the conserved single-copy genes are complete in the GSD assembly compared with 92.2% for CanFam v3.1. Homology-based gene annotation increases this value to ∼99%. Detailed examination of the evolutionarily important pancreatic amylase region reveals that there are most likely 7 copies of the gene, indicative of a duplication of 4 ancestral copies and the disruption of 1 copy. Conclusions GSD genome assembly and annotation were produced with major improvement in completeness, continuity, and quality over the existing canid reference. This resource will enable further research related to canine diseases, the evolutionary relationships of canids, and other aspects of canid biology.

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