1. The History and Constitutional Basis of the European Union

Foster on EU Law ◽

10.1093/he/9780198794608.003.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Nigel Foster

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

European Integration ◽

The European Union ◽

Future Developments ◽

The Uk ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Eu

This chapter considers the rationale for the EU, why it was established, what it is, and some of the difficulties encountered along that path to the present day. The discussions cover the motives for European integration; the founding of the European Communities; the relationship of the UK with the European Communities and Union including the Brexit referendum result and possible consequences; the basic objectives and nature of the European Union; the widening and deepening of the Communities and Union; and future developments and conclusions.

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15. The relationship of the UK with the European Union and Brexit

EU Law Directions ◽

10.1093/he/9780198853909.003.0015 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 464-506

Author(s):

Nigel Foster

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Eu Law ◽

The European Union ◽

The Future ◽

Trade Relationship ◽

Eu Referendum ◽

The Uk ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Eu

This chapter charts the long association of the UK with the EU. It considers all aspects of this relationship including pre membership, entry to the EC (EU), the first UK EU referendum in 1975 and the relationship over five decades. It considers how EU law was granted supremacy over UK law and how the courts viewed this. It considers the period up to and, including the 2016 UK EU referendum on exiting or remaining in the EU and the immediate consequences of that. Finally, and now most importantly, it looks at the negotiations and means by which the UK legally exited the EU on 31 January and the movement into the next stage of that relationship: the future trade relationship with the EU.

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Wpływ wyjścia Zjednoczonego Królestwa z Unii Europejskiej na wspólną politykę bezpieczeństwa i obrony UE

Przegląd europejski ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.0016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 103-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tomasz Kubin

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

United Kingdom ◽

European Integration ◽

Research Question ◽

The European Union ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Defence Policy ◽

The Uk ◽

The Eu ◽

Common Security

The exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union (so-called Brexit) is one of the most important events in the process of European integration. It has a lot of extremely remarkable implications – both for the EU and for the United Kingdom. Among other, Brexit will affect the security of the United Kingdom and the EU. The aim of the study is to answer the research question: how will Britain’s exit from the EU influence the EU common security and defence policy? In order to answer this question, the factors that are most relevant to the United Kingdom’s significance for the EU’s security and defence policy will be identified. This will show how the EU’s potential of the security and defence policy will change, when the UK leaves this organisation. The most important conclusions are included in the summary.

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3. The relationship between European Union and United Kingdom competition law

Competition Law of the EU and UK ◽

10.1093/he/9780198725053.003.0003 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 57-75

Author(s):

Sandra Marco Colino

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Competition Law ◽

Eu Law ◽

The European Union ◽

National Competition ◽

Current Interaction ◽

Article 50 ◽

The Uk ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Eu

This chapter focuses on the current interaction between European Union and UK law. EU law is currently a source of UK law. However, the relationship between the two regimes is expected to change in the future as a consequence of the UK’s decision to withdraw from the EU. The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 stipulates that the European Communities Act 1972 will be ‘repealed on exit day’, which would be 29 March 2019 provided that the two-year period since Article 50 TEU was triggered is not extended. Once the European Communities Act 1972 has been repealed, EU law will cease to be a source of UK law. No major immediate changes to the national competition legislation are to be expected, but future reforms could distance the UK system from the EU rules.

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Social Identity, Personality and Connectedness: Probing the Identity and Community Divides behind Brexit

10.31235/osf.io/w95xa ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Siobhan McAndrew ◽

Paula Surridge ◽

Neema Begum

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Racial Identity ◽

Social Identity ◽

Social Contexts ◽

The European Union ◽

Racial Identities ◽

Left Behind ◽

The Uk ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Eu

The UK vote to leave the European Union in June 2016 surprised and confounded academics and commentators alike. Existing accounts have focused on anti-immigration attitudes, anti-establishment sentiment and on the ‘left behind’, as well as on national identity. This paper expands the range of possible explanations for the vote by considering a wider range of identity measures, including class and racial identities, and by considering in detail the role played by connectedness to others and to localities. We find evidence that racial identity was particularly important for White British voters, extending our understanding of the relationship between territorial identities, ethnicity and attitudes towards the European Union. Connectedness via networks also structures attitudes, with those with higher levels of and more diverse connections having more favourable attitudes towards the EU. Whilst these effects are smaller than those of education and age, they are nonetheless comparable with those of class and income, and suggest that we should be wary of accounts of attitudes towards the EU that fail to locate voters within their social contexts.

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Sovereignty in Europe

10.1093/oso/9780198805120.003.0003 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dieter Grimm

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

European Integration ◽

Lisbon Treaty ◽

The European Union ◽

Jürgen Habermas ◽

Member States ◽

Jurgen Habermas ◽

The Future ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Eu

This chapter examines the question of who is sovereign in the relationship between the European Union and its Member States. It first considers the relevance of the debate over sovereignty in the EU and the development of the concept of sovereignty, paying attention to public powers form the substance of sovereignty, Jürgen Habermas’ theory of dual sovereignty, and the relevant provisions of the Lisbon Treaty. It then explores the problem of whether one should maintain the concept of sovereignty or recognize that the era of post-sovereignty has begun. It argues that it makes sense to address the question of who is sovereign in the EU, suggesting that the answer will determine the future course of European integration. It also analyses which concept of sovereignty is best suited to understand and explain the EU.

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Public opinion attitudes towards the European Union and its future in the United Kingdom. Study based on the results of Eurobarometer surveys in the UK and Poland

10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.14.6 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 116-131

Author(s):

Beata Słupek

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

The European Union ◽

Main Research ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Future ◽

The Subject ◽

The Uk ◽

The Relationship ◽

British People ◽

The Eu

The subject of this publication is the scepticism regarding the future of the European Union in the UK. The research is based on Eurobarometer surveys conducted over the period of five years. A purpose of the research is to show the relationship between the results of the Eurobarometer survey on the future of the EU, and the eurosceptic views in the UK. The main research questions is: is the UK sceptical about the future of the EU? Hypothesis of this publication is that the UK is sceptical about the future of the European Union. The reasons for such attitudes are not analysed here – the article is merely an attempt to present the societal attitudes. The research method employed is the comparative critical analysis of quantitative data. The conclusion is that Great Britain is not significantly eurosceptic. British people are, however, less enthusiastic about what is happening at present in the EU, and also are showing greater anxieties when it comes to the future of the EU.

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1. The establishment and development of the European Union

EU Law Directions ◽

10.1093/he/9780198816539.003.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Nigel Foster

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Economic Development ◽

Soviet Union ◽

The European Union ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

External Relations ◽

History Of ◽

The Uk ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Eu

This chapter examines the history of the establishment and development of the European Union (EU). It discusses the underlying motives for its founding, which include the desire for peace, security against the rising threat from the Soviet Union, and economic development. It describes the changing relationship of the UK with the EU, particularly in view of the Brexit decision, and suggests that the origins of the Union can be traced from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC). This chapter also explains the roles and obligations of the EU in managing the external relations of its members, particularly in international trade.

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An ethnonational perspective on territorial politics in the EU: east-west comparisons from a pilot study

Nationalities Papers ◽

10.1080/00905992.2014.916661 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 449-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Boyka M. Stefanova

Keyword(s):

European Integration ◽

The European Union ◽

South Central ◽

Material Interests ◽

Territorial Politics ◽

The Uk ◽

The Relationship ◽

Regional Interests ◽

Selection Of ◽

The Eu

This paper examines the relationship between European integration and ethnonational demands with the example of selected regions in the European Union (EU). It follows the theoretical premises of new regionalism and explores the ways in which ethnonational groups use the opportunities and resources of European governance to express their identities, material interests, and political demands. Methodologically, it conducts a plausibility probe of the potential effects of European integration on ethnonationalism by testing for regional differences in identities, interests, and political attitudes. The case studies are drawn from the UK (Wales and Scotland), Belgium (Flanders), Austria (Carinthia and Burgenland), Romania (Northwest and Center regions), and Bulgaria (South-Central and South-Eastern regions) as a representative selection of regional interests in the EU. The paper finds that European integration affects ethnonational groups by reinforcing identity construction in the direction of inclusiveness and diversity. Although regional actors are more supportive of the EU than the European publics in general, they also seek access to representation in the authority structures of the state. Based on these findings, the paper concludes that European integration facilitates a growing public acceptance of its resources, in parallel with persisting allegiances to the nation-state, the community, and ethnoregional distinctiveness.

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Evaluation of direct subsides granted to agricultural produces in Hajdúböszörmény

Review on Agriculture and Rural Development ◽

10.14232/rard.2018.1-2.145-150 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1-2) ◽

pp. 145-150

Author(s):

Antal Uzonyi ◽

Péter Horváth

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Lorenz Curve ◽

The European Union ◽

Herfindahl Index ◽

Agricultural Producers ◽

Related Data ◽

Cr Concentration ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Eu

The accession of Hungary to the EU can be considered a milestone in the life of domestic agriculture, as currently 70% of the income of agricultural producers is funded by agricultural and rural development subsidies. Besides the timeliness of the topic, it is to be highlighted that agriculture has great traditions in Hajdúböszörmény. As a general objective of the study, the relationship of agricultural producers in Hajdúböszörmény with direct subsidies was determined. In the first part of the research, agricultural subsidisation systems of the European Union and Hungary were processed. Subsequently, with regard to Hajdúböszörmény and based on the subsidy-related data available for the period of 2008-2017, subsidies paid during the last 10 years were demonstrated in various breakdowns (resources, funds, settlements and subsidy type). In addition to the above, measurement of the concentration of direct subsidies was realised by means of three concentration indexes (Lorenz curve, CR concentration, Hirschman-Herfindahl index).

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