Water risk perceptions across the life-course of women in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-648
Author(s):  
Joann Varickanickal ◽  
Elijah Bisung ◽  
Susan J Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Barriers To Change ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Sanitation Infrastructure

Abstract Inadequate access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) exposes many vulnerable populations, especially women and girls, to preventable diseases around the world. This paper reports findings from a photovoice project that explored water-related risk perceptions and health outcomes among women in Nyanchwa, Kenya. Thirteen women in four age categories were recruited for this study in July 2016 using the ‘snowball’ technique. From the results, inadequate access to WaSH was associated with increased water collection burden on women and children; environmental pollution; poor educational outcomes; loss of time due to water collection and poor sanitation infrastructure. Some barriers to change identified include financial barriers and inadequate government support. The identified risks and barriers are important considerations for the design, evaluation and mainstreaming of WaSH programs in resource constrained settings.

Water and sanitation policies for improving health in South Africa: overcoming the institutional legacy of apartheid

Water Policy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edina Sinanovic ◽  
Sandi Mbatsha ◽  
Stephen Gundry ◽  
Jim Wright ◽  
Clas Rehnberg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The South ◽  
Financing System ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
New Policies

The burden of water-related disease is closely related to both the socio-economic situation and public health issues like access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene services. Poverty eradication, through improved access to water and sanitation, is the South African government's major priority. This is partly achieved through subsidising the cost of water and sanitation provision to the poor in rural areas. Whilst the new policies have made a remarkable impact on improved access to water and sanitation services, a general problem since the new approach in 1994 has been the lack of integration of policies for water and sanitation and health. This paper analyses the policies concerning rural water supply and sanitation in South Africa. It considers the structure of institutions, the division of responsibilities and legislated and financial capacity of the South Africa's water sector. A more integrated approach for the policies aiming at water access, sanitation and health is needed. In addition, as the local government's capacity to implement different programmes is limited, a review of the financing system is necessary.

scholarly journals Sustainability of water, sanitation and hygiene interventions in Central America

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel I. Sabogal ◽  
Elizabeth Medlin ◽  
Gonzalo Aquino ◽  
Richard J. Gelting
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
American Red Cross ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Access To Water

The American Red Cross and U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collaborated on a sustainability evaluation of post-hurricane water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions in Central America. In 2006 and 2009, we revisited six study areas in rural El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua to assess sustainability of WASH interventions finalized in 2002, after 1998's Hurricane Mitch. We used surveys to collect data, calculate indicators and identify factors that influence sustainability. Regional sustainability indicator results showed there was a statistically significant decline in access to water. The presence of sanitation facilities had not changed since the beginning of the project; however, maintenance and use of latrines declined but continued to meet the goal of 75% use after 7 years. The hygiene indicator, hand washing, initially declined and then increased. Declines in water access were due to operational problems related to storm events and population changes. Sanitation facilities were still present and sometimes used even though they reached or surpassed their original design life. Changes in hygiene practices appeared related to ongoing hygiene promotion from outside organizations. These results provide useful input for making WASH programs more sustainable and informing future, more in-depth research into factors influencing sustainability.

scholarly journals Evaluation of prospects and barriers of biogas produced from livestock waste towards sustainable developmentand adaptation to climate change in Nghe An province, Viet Nam

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Thu-Nga Do ◽  
Thi­Thoa Le ◽  
Ngoc­Bao Pham ◽  
Duc­Truong Dinh ◽  
Duc-Huu Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Biogas Digestion ◽  
Combat Climate Change

The livestock sector is one of the fastest growing agricultural subsectors in Viet Nam, resulting in growing demand to sustainably dispose or re-use livestock waste. This research examined the current adoption of biogas digestion of livestock waste treatment at household farms in order to provide insights for policy towards effective implementation. A questionnaire survey was conducted in September 2019, with the participation of 120 livestock owners in Nghe An province, which focussed on accessing their perspectives on biogas and examination of factors impacting their decisions to utilize this technology. Most respondents determined biogas to be an attractive solution for improving the environment. However, several factors limited the development of biogas installation, including technical and financial barriers, awareness and capacity limitations, and financial support as the most significant of these. Government support and policies that encourage household biogas utilization as a sustainable energy source to combat climate change is recommended.

scholarly journals Cancer-Related Risk Perceptions and Beliefs in Texas: Findings from a 2018 Population-Level Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia A. Cunningham ◽  
Robert Yu ◽  
Tina Shih ◽  
Sharon Giordano ◽  
Lorna H. McNeill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Related Risk

scholarly journals What People Really Think About Safety around Horses: The Relationship between Risk Perception, Values and Safety Behaviours

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2222
Author(s):  
Meredith Chapman ◽  
Matthew Thomas ◽  
Kirrilly Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Safety First

The equestrian industry reports high rates of serious injuries, illness and fatalities when compared to other high-risk sports and work environments. To address these ongoing safety concerns, a greater understanding of the relationship between human risk perception, values and safety behaviours is required. This paper presents results from an international survey that explored relationships between a respondents’ willingness to take risk during daily activities along with, their perceptions of risk and behaviours during horse-related interactions. Respondents’ comments around risk management principles and safety-first inspirations were also analysed. We examined what humans think about hazardous situations or activities and how they managed risk with suitable controls. Analysis identified three important findings. First, safe behaviours around horses were associated with safety training (formal and/or informal). Second, unsafe behaviours around horses were associated with higher levels of equestrian experience as well as income from horse-related work. Finally, findings revealed a general acceptance of danger and imminent injury during horse interactions. This may explain why some respondents de-emphasised or ‘talked-down’ the importance of safety-first principles. In this paper we predominantly reported quantitative findings of respondents self-reported safety behaviours, general and horse-related risk perceptions despite injury or illness. We discussed the benefits of improved safety-first principles like training, risk assessments, rider-horse match with enriched safety communications to enhance risk-mitigation during human–horse interactions.

Waterborne Disease-Related Risk Perceptions in the Sonora River Basin, Mexico

Risk Analysis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 866-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustin Robles Morua ◽  
Kathleen E. Halvorsen ◽  
Alex S. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Waterborne Disease ◽  
Related Risk

Improving access to water supply and sanitation in urban India: microfinance for water and sanitation infrastructure development

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Davis ◽  
Gary White ◽  
Said Damodaron ◽  
Rich Thorsten
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Water And Sanitation Infrastructure ◽  
Sanitation Infrastructure ◽  
The City ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

This article summarises initial findings of a study to explore the potential of providing micro-financing for low-income households wishing to invest in improved water supply and sanitation services. Through in-depth interviews with more than 800 households in the city of Hyderabad in India, we conclude that, even if provided with market (not concessional) rates of financing, a substantial proportion of poor households would invest in water and sewer network connections.

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