14. Conventional Power and Contemporary Warfare

Author(s):  
John Ferris

This chapter examines how conventional power shapes warfare in the contemporary world. It considers the present and emerging state of conventional military power, how conventional forces function in areas such as distant strike and urban warfare, and how their role differs from that of other forms of force, including terrorism and weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). The chapter first provides a historical background to demonstrate the important role played by conventional power in war before discussing the rise of new world orders in 1945, 1989 and 2001. It then describes states possessing power and hyperpower, along with the revolution in military affairs and how developing countries may trump it through various strategies. It also shows how the distribution of conventional power is changing, noting that Western countries are in decline and new world powers are emerging, especially China and India.

Author(s):  
John Ferris

This chapter examines how — and the extent to which — conventional military power influences the contemporary world, whether by fighting wars or by backing policy in peace. It first reviews the history of how power affects warfare before discussing the emergence of new world orders in 1945, 1989, and 2001, noting that since 1945, the power of conventional force has been limited by weapons of mass destruction and guerrilla warfare. It then considers how conventional forces function in areas ranging from distant strike to urban warfare, and compares their role to that of other forms of force such as WMDs and terrorism. It also analyses the conventional strength of states in the world, along with trends in its development and distribution.


Author(s):  
John Baylis ◽  
James J. Wirtz

This edition explores the role of military power in the contemporary world and the changes that have occurred over the last decade. It examines the debates about whether there has been a revolution in military affairs and the future of warfare, given the phenomenal pace of innovation in electronics and computer systems, which is often referred to as cyberwar. It also considers the strategic implications of the changing structure of global politics and the role of U.S. military power in a world in transition, along with the continuing relevance of various theories of peace and security. This introduction discusses strategic studies, criticisms levelled against strategic studies, and the relationship between strategic studies and security studies.


Author(s):  
Eliot A. Cohen

This chapter examines emerging technological trends that are likely to transform future warfare. It first considers some concepts about military technology before discussing the debate over the revolution in military affairs. It then explores three broad features of the new technological era in warfare: the rise of quality over quantity, the speciation of military hardware, and the centrality of commercial military technology. It also describes the challenges presented by the new technology for warfare, including information technology, and concludes with some reflections on the future of military technology. It suggests that superior conventional technology can be counterbalanced, to some extent, by asymmetric responses, such as irregular warfare and the threat of weapons of mass destruction.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-480
Author(s):  
Diego Santos Vieira de Jesus

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar como os regimes de não-proliferação de armas de destruição em massa influenciam a construção de confiança entre grandes potências e Estados acusados de não seguirem ou violarem compromissos incorporados em tais regimes ou que os abandonam na contemporaneidade. O argumento central aponta que a confiança construída entre tais atores é menor quando 1) não se oferece a atores acusados de violar regras estabelecidas a habilidade de formular e implementar decisões sobre resultados antes controlados por outros, em especial relacionadas à preservação de direitos soberanos e inalienáveis dos Estados; 2) não se busca criar sistemas de supervisão depois da implementação das decisões e do conhecimento sobre suas consequências, os quais sejam menos custosos para que os Estados os implementem; 3) se definem modos de interação menos flexíveis que criem orientações excessivamente específicas sobre o comportamento a ser adotado. Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate how the regimes of non - proliferation of weapons of mass destruction influence the building of trust between major powers and states accused of not following or violating commitments incorporated in such regimes or abandoned them in the contemporary world. The central argument shows that the trust between these actors is lower when 1 ) regimes fail to offer actors accused of violating established rules the ability to formulate and implement decisions on results previously controlled by others, in particular related to the preservation of sovereign and inalienable rights of states; 2) regimes do not create systems of supervision after the implementation of decisions and the knowledge of its consequences, which are less costly for states to implement them, 3) less flexible modes of interaction are created and very specific guidelines for the behavior are adopted.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int

Aflatoxins (AFTs) are toxic products of fungal metabolism, associated with serious health consequences and substantial economic losses to agriculture, livestock and poultry sectors, particularly in the developing countries. This review outlines the current information on AFTs in terms of historical background, classification, relative occurrence and co-existence with other mycotoxins in various food commodities. The phenomenon of aflatoxin (AFT) biosynthesis has been elucidated with reference to molecular basis, genetic regulation and factors affecting the AFT production. Moreover, the in vivo disposition kinetics, toxicological action and toxico-pathological consequences of AFTs have also been highlighted. Currently employed strategies for the detection and detoxification of AFTs, biomarkers of exposure assessment, potential economic impact and regulatory considerations regarding the AFTs have been emphasized.


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