scholarly journals Comparing data-based indicators across upwelling and comparable systems for communicating ecosystem states and trends

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne J. Shannon ◽  
Marta Coll ◽  
Dawit Yemane ◽  
Didier Jouffre ◽  
Sergio Neira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Ecosystems ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Environmental Forcing ◽  
Ecosystem Effects ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Fishing Impacts ◽  
Proper Interpretation ◽  
Ecosystem State

Abstract Shannon, L. J., Coll, M., Yemane, D., Jouffre, D., Neira, S., Bertrand, A., Diaz, E., and Shin, Y-J. 2010. Comparing data-based indicators across upwelling and comparable systems for communicating ecosystem states and trends. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 807–832. A suite of ecological indicators was selected for communicating, in a comparable way, how fishing affects the state of several upwelling ecosystems and others in which small pelagic fish play key ecological roles. Detailed background and understanding of system-specific processes and changes is needed for proper interpretation of results. In particular, environmental forcing is important in driving dynamics in upwelling systems; fishing impacts cannot be understood without understanding the corresponding dynamics of the environment. The Saharan Coastal (Morocco) and southern Benguela, both having experienced upsurges in low-trophic-level species, differed from other ecosystems when considering indicator trends. The ecosystem off Portugal emerged as showing reduced signs of fishing impacts in recent years, although the change may also be reflecting climate change favouring recruitment and abundance of demersal stocks. The indicator suite confirmed general understanding that the Mediterranean ecosystems have been notably degraded for several decades. Results and conclusions from this descriptive synthesis are compared with other comparisons of more complex, model-derived indicators. Even in upwelling and comparable systems, the simple data-based indicators are useful in synthesizing information on the status of an ecosystem, in particular on the ecosystem effects of fishing, to provide an ecological diagnosis at the ecosystem level, to be used in decision-making. Indicators of recent ecosystem state and trends over time are needed to assess the effects of fishing, but more indicators measuring biodiversity attributes and environmental change would complement the suite, providing fuller assessment of the status of upwelling and comparable ecosystems.

scholarly journals Incorporating environmental forcing in developing ecosystem-based fisheries management strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 500-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanbo Guo ◽  
Caihong Fu ◽  
Norm Olsen ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Arnaud Grüss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Environmental Forcing ◽  
Ecosystem Effects ◽  
Ecosystem Level

Abstract This study incorporated two pathways of environmental forcing (i.e. “larval mortality forcing” and “somatic growth forcing”) into an end-to-end ecosystem model (Object-oriented Simulator of Marine ecOSystEms, OSMOSE) developed for the Pacific North Coast Integrated Management Area (PNCIMA) off western Canada, in order to evaluate alternative fisheries management strategies under environmental changes. With a suite of ecosystem-level indicators, the present study first compared the ecosystem effects of different pathways of environmental forcing scenarios; and then evaluated the alternative fisheries management strategies which encompassed a series of fishing mortality rates relative to FMSY (the fishing mortality rate that produces maximum sustainable yield) and a set of precautionary harvest control rules (HCRs). The main objectives of this study were to (i) explore the ecosystem effects of different environmental forcing scenarios; (ii) identify the impacts of different fishing mortality rates on marine ecosystem structure and function; and (iii) evaluate the ecosystem-level performance of various levels of precautionary HCRs. Results indicated that different pathways of environmental forcing had different ecosystem effects and incorporating appropriate HCRs in the fisheries management process could help maintain ecosystem health and sustainable fisheries. This study provides important information on future fisheries management options within similar marine ecosystems that are facing global changes.

scholarly journals Dilemmas in the Legal Treatment of the Status of People Living with Disabilities

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Ildikó Laki ◽  
László Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Social Self ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Proper Interpretation

AbstractThe legal treatment of disability affairs carries in itself an inherent contradiction due to the nature of modern society and free-market economy. On the one hand both the historically developed notions of essentialism and on the other the particular-functional definition of manhood drawing its roots from the established democratic order and market economics are present simultaneously. However, within the current order of things there is an unbridgeable divide between them. Nevertheless, with the progression of time there is a slow gradual shift discernible away from the functional definition with the parallel strengthening of the essentialist approach. This shift is further exaggerated by the more widespread acceptance of the rights of self-determination and the provision of opportunities for the disabled, the emergence of social self-determination in case of a population subgroup living under special conditions. For the proper interpretation of the currents in the evolution of legal treatment of disabled people it would be indispensable to institute a proper social-discourse analysis, which, however, exceeds in scope its narrowly defined task.

The U.S. South Atlantic Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 175-236
Author(s):  
Jason S. Link ◽  
Anthony R. Marshak
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fishes ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
The South ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
South Atlantic Region

This chapter describes the South Atlantic region and the major issues facing this marine fisheries ecosystem, and presents some summary statistics related to the 90 indicators of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) criteria. The South Atlantic contains the third-highest number of managed taxa of the eight regional U.S. marine ecosystems, including commercially and recreationally important reef fishes (snappers and groupers), penaeid shrimps, coastal migratory pelagic fishes (cobia, mackerels, dolphin/wahoo), and coral reef resources. The South Atlantic is a species-rich environment subject to several major stressors that include habitat loss, sea-level rise, ocean acidification, and intermittent high category hurricanes with increasing frequency over the past decades, along with the consequences of overfishing that continue to affect LMRs in this region. Overall, EBFM progress has been made in terms of implementing ecosystem-level planning, advancing knowledge of ecosystem principles, and in assessing risks and vulnerabilities to ecosystems through ongoing investigations into climate vulnerability and species prioritizations for stock and habitat assessments. Although the South Atlantic is progressing toward EBFM, little overall progress has been observed toward applying ecosystem-level emergent properties into management frameworks. While the South Atlantic is advancing in terms of its LMR management priorities and ecosystem efforts, some challenges remain to effectively implement formalized EBFM planning. Limited information regarding the status and biomass of fishery stocks and protected species in this region, and data gaps for many environmental factors have constrained EBFM implementation and prevented the application of ecosystem-level properties into management actions.

scholarly journals Social Identities in Roman Children’s Burials. Roman Cemetery at Apulum-Dealul Furcilor

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 39-78
Author(s):  
Mariana Mustață
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
The Status ◽  
Proper Interpretation ◽  
The Way

The children’s graves from the cemetery at Apulum-Dealul Furcilor are a category of archaeological contexts that is worth studying because too little is known about the funerary treatments of the children from Roman Dacia. These graves contain the material remains of a number of practices that could indicate the perceived social identities of the child and the mourners. These coded identities can be deciphered by using statistical analyses, the process of understanding the archaeological assemblages being eased in this way. However, a proper interpretation of these contexts requires the incorporation of existing knowledge about the status of the Roman children, their activities, their surrounding material culture and the way in which it was handled, their obligations and rights, the relations with the parents and different relatives, etc. Therefore, the study of this theme could open many doors towards other related subjects.

The U.S. Caribbean Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 237-282
Author(s):  
Jason S. Link ◽  
Anthony R. Marshak
Keyword(s):  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Queen Conch ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management ◽  
The U.S

This chapter describes the Caribbean region and the major issues facing this marine fisheries ecosystem, and presents some summary statistics related to the 90 indicators of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) criteria. While containing the highest number of managed taxa among the eight regional U.S. marine ecosystems, including over 200 distinctly managed coral reef species, this region has been challenged by historical exploitation of its important fisheries, particularly Caribbean spiny lobster, queen conch, and its snapper-grouper complex. The U.S. Caribbean has been affected by above average natural and human stressors that include the nationally second-highest rate of SST increase over the past 70 years, increasing frequency and intensity of hurricanes, high coastal development, and concentrated historical fishing pressure. Although ranked low overall regarding the status of its marine socioeconomics, the U.S. Caribbean leads nationally in terms of aspects of its marine tourism, particularly cruise ship destinations, which contribute heavily to its local economy. Overall, EBFM progress has been made in terms of implementing ecosystem-level planning, advancing knowledge of ecosystem principles, and in assessing risks and vulnerabilities to ecosystems through ongoing investigations into climate vulnerability and species prioritizations for stock and habitat assessments.

scholarly journals Trawl fishing impacts on the status of seabed fauna in diverse regions of the globe

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-86
Author(s):  
Tessa Mazor ◽  
C. Roland Pitcher ◽  
Wayne Rochester ◽  
Michel J. Kaiser ◽  
Jan G. Hiddink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trawl Fishing ◽  
The Status ◽  
Fishing Impacts

scholarly journals Indicators of marine ecosystem integrity for Canada’s Pacific: An expert-based hierarchical approach

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Anthony Okey
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Integrity ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
The Status ◽  
Coastal Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Pressure Indicators ◽  
Ecosystem State

There is great interest and rapid progress around the world in developing sets of indicators of marine ecosystem integrity for assessment and management. However, the complexity of coastal marine ecosystems can challenge such efforts. To address this challenge, an expert-based, hierarchical, and adaptive approach was developed with the objectives of healthy marine ecosystems and community partnerships in monitoring and management. Small sets of the top-ranked indicators of ecosystem integrity and associated human pressures were derived from expert-rankings of lists of identified candidate indicators of the status of, and pressures on, each of 17 ecosystem features, organized within 8 elements in turn within 3 overlapping aspects of ecosystem health. Over 200 experts played a role in rating the relative value of 1,035 candidate indicators. A panel of topic experts was assigned to each of the 17 ecosystem features to apply 21 weighted indicator selection criteria. Selection criteria and candidate indicators were identified through literature reviews, expert panels, and surveys, and they were evaluated in terms of the experts’ judgements of importance to the health of Canada’s Pacific marine ecosystems. This produced a flexible, robust, and adaptable approach to identifying representative sets of indicators for any scale and for any management unit within Canada’s Pacific. At the broadest scale, it produced a top 20 list of ecosystem state and pressure indicators. These top indicators, or other sets selected for smaller regions, can then guide the development of both regional and nested local monitoring programs in a way that maximizes continuity while including locally unique values. This hierarchical expert-based approach was designed to address challenges of complexity and scale and to enable efficient selection of useful and representative sets of indicators of ecosystem integrity while also enabling the participation of broad government and stakeholder communities.

scholarly journals Ecosystem models of Lake Victoria (East Africa): exploring the sensitivity of ecosystem effects of fishing to model choice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vianny Natugonza ◽  
Cameron Ainsworth ◽  
Erla Sturludóttir ◽  
Laban Musinguzi ◽  
Richard Ogutu-Ohwayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Model Choice ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Distinct Structure ◽  
Ecosystem Effects ◽  
Ecosystem Simulation ◽  
Ecosystem Level

Ecosystem simulation models are valuable tools for strengthening and promoting ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM). However, utility of these models in practical fisheries management is often undermined by lack of simple means to test the effect of uncertainty on model outputs. Recently, the use of multiple ecosystem models has been recommended as an ‘insurance’ against effects of uncertainty that comes with modelling complex systems. The assumption is that if models with different structure and formulation give consistent results, then, policy prescriptions are robust (i.e. less sensitive to model choice). However, information on the behaviour of trends from structurally-distinct ecosystem models with respect to changes in fishing conditions is limited, especially for freshwater systems. In this study, we compared outputs of two ecosystem models, Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) and Atlantis, for Lake Victoria under different fishing pressure scenarios. We compared model behaviour at the ecosystem level, and also at a level of functional groups. At functional group level, we determined two questions: what is the change in the targeted group, and what are the consequent effects in other parts of the system? Overall results suggest that different model formulations can provide similar qualitative predictions (direction of change), especially for targeted groups with similar trophic interactions and adequate data for parameterization and calibration. However, considerable variations in predictions (where models predict opposite trends) may also occur due to inconsistencies in the strength of the aggregate multi-species interactions between species and models, and not necessarily due to model detail and complexity. Therefore, with more information and data, especially on diet, and comparable representation of feeding interactions across models, ecosystem models with distinct structure and formulation can give consistent policy evaluations for most biological groups.

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