scholarly journals Sympathetic innervation of canine pulmonary artery and morphometric and functional analysis in dehydromonocrotaline-induced models after pulmonary artery denervation

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 708-717
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Jiang ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Ling Zhou ◽  
Jie Luo ◽  
Jinsong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Nerve Conduction Velocity ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Pressure

Abstract OBJECTIVES We aimed to describe the anatomic distribution of periarterial pulmonary sympathetic nerves and to observe the long-term morphometric and functional changes after pulmonary artery denervation (PADN), a novel therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). METHODS A total of 45 beagles were divided into a sympathetic innervation group (n = 3, 33.3% were females), a PAH group (n = 35, 34.3% were females) and a control group (n = 7, 28.5% were females). The PAH group was randomly divided into no-PADN (n = 7), instant-PADN (n = 7), 1M-PADN (n = 7), 2M-PADN (n = 7) and 3M-PADN (n = 7) subgroups. The sympathetic innervation group was sacrificed to reveal the sympathetic innervation of pulmonary arteries. PAH was induced by injecting dehydromonocrotaline (DHMCT) through the right atrium. The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular mean pressure, pulmonary artery systolic pressure and pulmonary artery mean pressure of each group were continuously measured. The cardiac output was detected to calculate the pulmonary vascular resistance. PAH and control groups were subjected to immunofluorescence assay, sympathetic nerve conduction velocity measurement and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS The no-PADN group had significantly higher PVSP, PVMP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, pulmonary artery mean pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance but lower cardiac output than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Instant-PADN, 1M-PADN, 2M-PADN and 3M-PADN groups had significantly lower PVSP, PVMP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, pulmonary artery mean pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance but higher cardiac output than those of the no-PADN group (P < 0.05). Most sympathetic nerves were located within 2.5 mm of the intimae of the bifurcation and proximal trunk, mainly in the left trunk. The diameter and cross-sectional area of myelinated fibres in the PAH group were significantly larger than those of the control group. Sympathetic nerve conduction velocity of the PAH group gradually decreased, and nerve fibres were almost demyelinated 3 months after PADN. CONCLUSIONS PADN effectively relieved dehydromonocrotaline-induced canine PAH and decreased sympathetic nerve conduction velocity.

Normal Fluctuations in Pulmonary Artery Pressures and Cardiac Output in Patients with Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra K. Moser ◽  
Susan K. Frazier ◽  
Mary A. Woo ◽  
Linda K. Daley
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Normal Fluctuations

Background: One barrier to accurate interpretation of changes in hemodynamic pressures and cardiac output is lack of data about what constitutes a normal fluctuation. Few investigators have examined normal fluctuations in these parameters and none have done so in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Aims: To describe normal fluctuations in pulmonary artery pressures and cardiac output in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Methods: Hemodynamically stable advanced heart failure patients ( N=39; 55±6 years old; 62% male) with left ventricular dysfunction (mean ejection fraction 22±5%) were studied. Cardiac output and pulmonary artery pressures were measured every 15 min for 2 h. Results: Mean±standard deviation fluctuations were as follows: pulmonary artery systolic pressure=7±4 mmHg; pulmonary artery diastolic pressure=6±3 mmHg; pulmonary capillary wedge pressure=5±3 mmHg; cardiac output=0.7±0.3 l/min. The coefficient of variation for fluctuations in pulmonary artery systolic pressure was 6.7%, in pulmonary artery diastolic pressure was 9.3%, in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was 9.2%, and in cardiac output was 7.2%. Conclusions: Values that vary <8% for pulmonary artery systolic pressure, <11% for pulmonary artery diastolic pressure, <12% for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and <9% for cardiac output from baseline represent normal fluctuations in these parameters in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.

scholarly journals Correlation of Net Atrioventricular Compliance with the Outcome of Successful Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Valve Commissurotomy

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajib Ghosh ◽  
Abdullah Al Shafi Majumder ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
Abdul Momen ◽  
M Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Nyha Class ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Pressure

Background: In patients with mitral stenosis the prognostic significance of net atrioventricular compliance has already been established. It was found that left atrial compliance significantly improve immediately after successful balloon mitral valvotomy. This study was conducted to evaluate the immediate improvement of atrioventricular compliance following percutaneous Transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) & to see the relation of post PTMC atrioventricular compliance with immediate clinical & other echocardiographic outcomes.Methods: This prospective observational study was undertaken in the Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular diseases, Dhaka. A total of 50 patients who had had successful PTMC were selected. All patients were evaluated clinically and echocardiographically 24 hours before PTMC, immediately after PTMC and 72 hours after PTMC.Results: Atrioventricular compliance improved significantly following PTMC (mean Cn 3.42 ± 1.64ml/mm Hg vs. 6.38 ± 2.81ml/mm Hg, p<0.001). After successful PTMC comparison of clinical & echocardiographic parameters revealed mitral valve area, pulmonary arterial systolic pressure, transmitral peak and mean pressure gradient and NYHA class for dyspnoea had statistically significant difference among patients with atrioventricular compliance >4 ml/mm of Hg and patients with atrioventricular compliance d”4ml/mm of Hg. NYHA class for heart failure, transmitral peak and mean pressure gradient, pulmonary artery systolic pressure were negatively correlated to atrioventricular compliance. Index left atrial anteroposterior diameter had no significant correlation with atrioventricular compliance.Conclusion: Successful PTMC is associated with immediate significant improvement in atrioventricular compliance. Atrioventricular compliance is inversely correlated with NYHA functional status, transmitral pressure gradient & pulmonary artery systolic pressure following successful PTMC. Post PTMC atrioventricular compliance is also positively correlated with pre PTMC atrioventricular compliance.Cardiovasc. j. 2016; 8(2): 99-109

Effect of acute lower respiratory tract infection on pulmonary artery pressure in children with post-tricuspid left-to-right shunt

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sakshi Sachdeva ◽  
Shyam S. Kothari ◽  
Saurabh K. Gupta ◽  
Sivasubramanian Ramakrishnan ◽  
Anita Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Pressure ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure ◽  
Artery Pressure

Abstract We sought to examine the influence of clinically severe lower respiratory tract infection on pulmonary artery pressure in children having CHD with post-tricuspid left-to-right shunt, as it may have physiological and clinical implications. In a prospective single-centre observational study, 45 children with post-tricuspid left-to-right shunt and clinically severe lower respiratory tract infection were evaluated during the illness and 2 weeks after its resolution. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure was estimated non-invasively using shunt gradient by echocardiography and systolic blood pressure measured non-invasively. Median pulmonary artery systolic pressure during lower respiratory tract infection was only mildly (although statistically significantly) elevated during lower respiratory tract infection [60 (42–74) versus 53 (40–73) mmHg, (p < 0.0001)]. However, clinically significant change in pulmonary artery systolic pressure defined as the increase of >10 mmHg was present in only 9 (20%) patients. In the absence of hypoxia or acidosis, only a small minority (9%, n = 4) showed significant pulmonary artery systolic pressure rise >10 mmHg. In the absence of hypoxia or acidosis, severe lower respiratory tract infection in patients with acyanotic CHD results in only mild elevation of pulmonary artery systolic pressure in most of the patients.

scholarly journals Serum-Free Thyroxine Levels Were Associated with Pulmonary Hypertension and Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure in Euthyroid Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bingjie Wu ◽  
Jingjing Jiang ◽  
Minghui Gui ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Qiqige Aleteng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Artery Disease

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between thyroid hormone levels, pulmonary hypertension (PH), and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) in euthyroid patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). A cross-sectional study was conducted in individuals who underwent coronary angiography and were diagnosed as CAD from March 2013 to November 2013. 811 subjects (185 women and 626 men) were included in this study. PASP was measured by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. 86 patients were diagnosed as PH and had significantly higher free thyroxine (FT4) levels than those without PH. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated an independent association of FT4 levels with PH after adjustment of gender, age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, hypertension, and medication use of calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, and nitrates. Serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were not associated with PH. Furthermore, multivariate linear regression analysis showed that FT4 levels emerged as an independent predictor for PASP, while FT3 and TSH levels were not associated with PASP. Our study demonstrated that, in euthyroid patients with CAD, FT4 was an independent risk factor for PH, and FT4 levels were independently associated with PASP.

Abstract 15388: Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Impact on Mortality

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Drakopoulou ◽  
Konstantinos Stathogiannis ◽  
Konstantinos Toutouzas ◽  
George Latsios ◽  
Andreas Synetos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Severe Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure ◽  
End Point ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Severe aortic stenosis leads to increased pulmonary arterial systolic pressure. A controversy still remains regarding the impact of persistent pulmonary hypertension (PHT) on prognosis of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We sought to investigate the impact of persistent PHT on 2-year all-cause mortality of patients with severe aortic stenosis following TAVI. Methods: Patients with severe and symptomatic aortic stenosis (effective orifice area [EOA]≤1 cm 2 ) who were scheduled for TAVI with a self-expanding valve at our institution were prospectively enrolled. Prospectively collected echocardiographic data before and after TAVI were retrospectively analyzed in all patients. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure was estimated as the sum of the right ventricular to the right atrial gradient during systole and the right atrial pressure. PHT following TAVI was classified as absent if <35 mmHg and persistent if ≥35 mmHg. Primary clinical end-point was 2-year all-cause mortality defined according to the criteria proposed by the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2. Results: Hundred and forty patients (mean age: 82±9 years) were included in the study. The primary clinical end point occurred in 17 patients (12%) during a median follow-up period of 2 years. Mean pulmonary artery systolic pressure was reduced in all patients following TAVI (45±9 versus 41±6 mmHg, p<0.01). Mortality rate was higher in patients with persistent PHT compared to patients with normal pulmonary artery systolic pressure following TAVI (26% versus 14 %, p<0.01). Patients that reached the primary clinical end point had a higher post procedural mean systolic pulmonary pressure (43±9 versus 39±6 mmHg, p=0.02). In multivariate regression analysis, persistence of PHT (OR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.109-7.224, p=0.01) was an independent predictor of long-term mortality. Conclusions: The persistence of pulmonary hypertension after TAVI is associated with long term mortality. Identifying the population that will clearly benefit from TAVI is still need to be validated by larger trials.

scholarly journals Features of pulmonary haemodynamics and endothelium function in children with asthma

2007 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
E. A. Starovoytova ◽  
S. N. Ivanov ◽  
L. M. Ogorodova
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pulmonary Hemodynamics ◽  
Vasomotor Function ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Endothelium Function ◽  
Asthma Patients

Asthma patients (n = 79, 7 to 17 years of age) were divided into 3 groups according to asthma severity: mild (n = 23), moderate (n = 24), and severe asthma (n = 32). Asthma was diagnosed according to GINA (2002). Echocardiography, ultrasound evaluation of endothelium vasomotor function and measurement of nitrite anion concentration in exhaled breathe condensate (EBC) were performed in the all patients. Right ventricle dilatation and increase in the total pulmonary vascular resistance were revealed only in patients with severe asthma compared to the control group. Increase in pulmonary artery systolic pressure was significantly higher in the severe asthma patients compared both to the control group and mild asthma patients. Increased right ventricle pressure was accompanied by endothelium dysfunction in 48.1 % (38 patients). High EBC nitrite anion concentration (12.11 ± 1.72 μmol/L) was revealed in asthmatic children compared to control group (3,34 ± 1,58 μmol/L). The results suggest that childhood asthma is associated with morphological and functional abnormalities of pulmonary hemodynamics and endothelium function depending on severity of the disease.

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