PS67. The comparison of psychological resilience improvement between probable bipolar disorder and probable unipolar depression.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to translate the Structured Clinical Interview for Mood Spectrum into Brazilian Portuguese, measuring its reliability, validity, and defining scores for bipolar disorders. METHOD: Questionnaire was translated (into Brazilian Portuguese) and back-translated into English. Sample consisted of 47 subjects with bipolar disorder, 47 with major depressive disorder, 18 with schizophrenia and 22 controls. Inter-rater reliability was tested in 20 subjects with bipolar disorder and MDD. Internal consistency was measured using the Kuder Richardson formula. Forward stepwise discriminant analysis was performed. Scores were compared between groups; manic (M), depressive (D) and total (T) threshold scores were calculated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: Kuder Richardson coefficients were between 0.86 and 0.94. Intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.96 (CI 95 % 0.93-0.97). Subjects with bipolar disorder had higher M and T, and similar D scores, when compared to major depressive disorder (ANOVA, p < 0.001). The sub-domains that best discriminated unipolar and bipolar subjects were manic energy and manic mood. M had the best area under the curve (0.909), and values of M equal to or greater than 30 yielded 91.5% sensitivity and 74.5% specificity. CONCLUSION: Structured Clinical Interview for Mood Spectrum has good reliability and validity. Cut-off of 30 best differentiates subjects with bipolar disorder vs. unipolar depression. A cutoff score of 30 or higher in the mania sub-domain is appropriate to help make a distinction between subjects with bipolar disorder and those with unipolar depression.

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P.1.009 Misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder as unipolar depression: A problematic differential diagnosis in clinical practice

European Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/s0924-977x(04)80098-1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. S178

Author(s):

M.D. Stensland ◽

N. deLay ◽

M. Ciaglia ◽

S. Visawanathan

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Unipolar Depression

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How can bipolar disorder be genetically related to both schizophrenia and unipolar depression? Peter McGuffin

Bipolar Disorder ◽

10.1201/b13932-12 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 87-94

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Unipolar Depression

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Hypomanic Symptoms in Female Undergraduate Students Diagnosed with Unipolar Depression Based on Scores on the Hypomania Checklist

Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health ◽

10.2174/1745017900905010022 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 22-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Thomas Richardson ◽

Hugh Garavan

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Unipolar Depression ◽

Female Undergraduate ◽

Bipolar Ii Disorder ◽

Bipolar Ii

Background: A number of studies have documented high levels of hypomanic symptoms in those diagnosed with depression, suggesting a potential misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder as unipolar depression. Research suggests that undergraduate students have high levels of depression, but whether such misdiagnosis occurs in this population has not been examined. The aim of this study was therefore to examine levels of hypomania in undergraduate students reporting diagnosed depression. Methods: An international sample of undergraduate students completed the 32-item Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32). A cohort was analysed for this study, consisting of female undergraduate students reporting a formal diagnosis of depression (n=28). Results: Participants scored high on the HCL-32, with a mean total score of 19.9 (SD=5.4) out of 32. Overall, 85.7% (n=24) scored equal to or above the original cut off point of 14 suggested for bipolar II disorder. Conclusions: Two possible conclusions are suggested by this study. Firstly, there are high levels of hypomanic symptoms in undergraduate students diagnosed with depression, suggesting that a formal diagnosis of bipolar disorder should be pursued in those with high scores. Alternatively, the cut-off points previously suggested for the HCL-32 may not be accurate for use with undergraduate students.

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Autobiographical Memory and Episodic Specificity Across Different Affective States in Bipolar Disorder

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.641221 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Rafael de Assis da Silva ◽

Marcelo Baggi Tancini ◽

Renata Lage ◽

Rodrigo L. Nascimento ◽

Cristina M. T. Santana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Autobiographical Memory ◽

Sense Of Self ◽

Time Integration ◽

Unipolar Depression ◽

Mood States ◽

Affective States ◽

Psychiatric Interview ◽

Self Identity ◽

Bipolar Patients

Autobiographical memory is essential to ground a sense of self-identity, contributing to social functioning and the development of future plans, and being an essential source for the psychiatric interview. Previous studies have suggested loss of autobiographical episodic specificity in unipolar depression, but relatively fewer investigations have been conducted in bipolar disorder (BD) patients, particularly across different mood states. Similarly, there is a scarcity of systematic investigations about mood-congruent and mood-dependent memory in relation to autobiographical memory in BD. Considering this, a total of 74 patients with BD (24 in euthymia, 26 in mania, and 24 in depression) responded with autobiographical memories to cue words belonging to four categories: mania, depression, BD, and neutral. Episodic specificity was scored according to the Autobiographical Interview, with high intra- and inter-rater reliability. Results indicated that patients in mania generally re-experience more episodic details than those in depression. Depressed bipolar patients reported fewer details of perception and less time integration of memories than those in euthymia or mania. Words linked to depression and BD induced greater episodic re-experiencing than neutral words, just as words about BD provided greater episodic re-experiencing and more details of emotion/thoughts than words about mania. Words linked to depression provoked more time details about the recalled episodes than words on BD or neutral themes. No mood-congruent or mood-dependent effects were observed. Current findings may improve the ability of clinicians to conduct psychiatric interviews and the diagnosis of BD, with special attention to how memory details are generated across different mood states of the condition. Additionally, interventions to foster autobiographical recollection in BD may be developed, similar to what has already been done in the context of schizophrenia.

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Psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder: Two years’ retrospective study

Health Renaissance ◽

10.3126/hren.v13i1.17947 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 49-57

Author(s):

Baikuntha Raj Adhikari ◽

S Mishra ◽

S Nepal ◽

N Sapkota

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Bipolar Depression ◽

Bipolar Disorders ◽

Unipolar Depression ◽

Common Type ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Mixed Episode ◽

Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽

Primary Substance

Background: Psychosis in bipolar disorder is common but still not well understood. There is paucity of literature from our country and none from this institute which serves the eastern part of Nepal.Objective: To describe the hallucinations and delusions in bipolar disorders in our place.Methods: Patients-record files of bipolar disorders with psychosis discharged in two years’ time from 2012 to 2014 were analysed. Patients with unipolar depression, recurrent depressive disorder, serious organic illness, and primary substance use disorders were excluded. Information was collected in a structured performa. Association of delusion and hallucination was observed.Results: During the study period, ninety-five patients with bipolardisorder had psychosis. Hallucination was present in 29 (30.5%) cases, and out of these 23 (79.3%) were cases of mania. In 26 (89.7%) patients, the hallucinations were mood congruent. The median duration of appearance of hallucination was 10 days and appeared early in mania. Among hallucinations, auditory verbal hallucinations were present in all 29 patients. Delusions were present in 77 (81.1%) of patients, and grandiose delusions were the most common. Grandiose delusions tended to occur even in the absence of hallucinations. Conclusion: Psychosis is common in bipolar disorder. Grandiose delusions are the most common delusion and are relatively independent of hallucination. The auditory verbal hallucinations are the most common type of hallucination. Hallucinations in mania tend to manifest earlier than in bipolar depression and mixed episode, and most of the hallucinations in bipolar disorder are mood congruent. Health Renaissance 2015;13 (1): 49-57

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COMT in major depression - UK candidate gene association study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72518-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 813-813

Author(s):

A. Schosser ◽

M.Y. Ng ◽

A.W. Butler ◽

S. Cohen-Woods ◽

N. Craddock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Major Depression ◽

Unipolar Depression ◽

Candidate Gene Association ◽

Genetic Overlap ◽

Haplotypic Association ◽

Single Marker ◽

Icd 10 ◽

System 1 ◽

The Impact

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) has a central role in brain dopamine, noradrenalin and adrenalin signaling, and has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment of affective disorders. The functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 4 (Val158Met, rs4680) influences the COMT enzyme activity. The Val158Met polymorphism is a commonly studied variant in psychiatric genetics, and initial studies in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder presented evidence for association with the Met allele. In unipolar depression, while some of the investigations point at an association between the Met/Met genotype and others have found a link between the Val/Val genotype and depression, most of the studies cannot detect any difference in Val158Met allele frequency between depressed individuals and controls.In the present study, we further elucidated the impact of COMT polymorphisms including the Val158Met in MDD. We investigated 1,250 subjects with DSM-IV and/or ICD-10 diagnosis of major depression (MDD), and 1,589 control subjects from UK. A total of 24 SNPs spanning the COMT gene were successfully genotyped using the Illumina HumaHap610-Quad Beadchip (22 SNPs), SNPlex™ genotyping system (1 SNP), and Sequenom MassARRAY® iPLEX Gold (1 SNP). Statistical analyses were implemented using PASW Statistics18, FINETTI (http://ihg.gsf.de/cgi-bin/hw/hwa1.pl), UNPHASED version 3.0.10 program and Haploview 4.0 program.Neither single-marker nor haplotypic association was found with the functional Val158Met polymorphism or with any of the other SNPs genotyped. Our findings do not provide evidence that COMT plays a role in MDD or that this gene explains part of the genetic overlap with bipolar disorder.

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Mood Disorders

10.2310/fm.1021 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Hasan A Baloch ◽

Jair C. Soares

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Affective Disorders ◽

Unipolar Depression ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Bipolar Spectrum ◽

Manic Symptoms ◽

Lifetime History ◽

History Of

Affective disorders are among the most common disorders in psychiatry. They are generally classified according to the persistence and extent of symptoms and by the polarity of these symptoms. The two poles of the affective spectrum are mania and depression. Bipolar disorder is characterized by the presence of the mania or hypomania and often depression. Unipolar depression is defined by depression in the absence of a lifetime history of mania or hypomania. These differences are not merely categorical but have important implications for the prognosis and treatment of these conditions. Bipolar disorder, for example, is better treated using mood-stabilizing medication, whereas unipolar depression responds optimally to antidepressant medications. In addition, prognostically, unipolar depression may sometimes be limited to one episode in a lifetime, whereas bipolar disorder is typically a lifelong condition. The course of both conditions, however, is often chronic, and frequently patients can present with unipolar depression only to later develop manic symptoms. A thorough understanding of both conditions is therefore required to treat patients presenting with affective symptomatology. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, etiology and genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of unipolar depression and bipolar disorder. Figures illustrate gray matter differences with lithium use and the bipolar spectrum. Tables list the pharmacokinetics of commonly used antidepressants and medications commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. This review contains 2 figures, 2 tables, and 136 references.

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