Reexamination of the Protective Role of the Capsular Polysaccharide (Vi antigen) of Salmonella typhi

1984 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Robbins ◽  
J. B. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Vi Antigen

scholarly journals Adsorption of Vi Capsular Antigen of Salmonella Typhi in Chitosan–Poly (Methacrylic Acid) Nanoparticles

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1226
Author(s):  
Raimundo Lopes da Silva ◽  
Jaqueline Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Anivaldo Pereira Duarte Júnior ◽  
Patrícia Santana Barbosa Marinho ◽  
Lourivaldo Silva Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Kinetics ◽  
Methacrylic Acid ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Capsular Antigen ◽  
Antigen Structure ◽  
Vi Antigen

The development of a nanoparticulate system for the carrier antigen is now an important tool in the vaccination process, since a smaller number of doses is necessary for effective immunization. Thus, in this work a nanoparticulate system using polymers of chitosan and poly (methacrylic acid) (CS–PMAA) to adsorb the Vi antigen of Salmonella Typhi was developed. CS–PMAA nanoparticles with different proportions of chitosan and poly (methacrylic acid) were obtained and reached sizes from 123.9 ± 2.48 to 234.9 ± 2.66 nm, and spherical shapes were seen in transmission microscopy. At pH 7.2, the nanoparticles had a cationic surface charge that contributed to the adsorption of the Vi antigen. Qualitative analyses of the isolated Vi antigen were performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, which indicated the presence of all the characteristic bands of the capsular polysaccharide, and nuclear magnetic resonance, which showed signals for the five hydrogens and the N-acetyl and O-acetyl groups which are characteristic of the Vi antigen structure. In the adsorption kinetics study, the Vi capsular antigen, contained in a phosphate buffer solution of pH 7.2, experienced 55% adsorption on the 1–1% (CS–PMAA) nanoparticles. The adsorption kinetics results showed the ability of the nanoparticulate system to adsorb the Vi antigen.

Role of Salmonella Typhi Vi Antigen and Secretory Systems on Immune Response

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (41) ◽  
pp. 6251-6260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermin Schadich ◽  
Petr Dzubak ◽  
Marian Hajduch
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Vi Antigen

scholarly journals Role of the viaB locus in synthesis, transport and expression of Salmonella typhi Vi antigen

Microbiology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 141 (12) ◽  
pp. 3039-3047 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Virlogeux ◽  
H. Waxin ◽  
C. Ecobichon ◽  
M. Y. Popoff
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Vi Antigen

Protective role of peroxiredoxin-4 in heart failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Masooma Naseem ◽  
Javeria Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Consequent Increase ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Recently, we have read with great interest the article published by Ibarrola et al. (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2018) 132, 1471–1485), which used proteomics and immunodetection methods to show that Galectin-3 (Gal-3) down-regulated the antioxidant peroxiredoxin-4 (Prx-4) in cardiac fibroblasts. Authors concluded that ‘antioxidant activity of Prx-4 had been identified as a protein down-regulated by Gal-3. Moreover, Gal-3 induced a decrease in total antioxidant capacity which resulted in a consequent increase in peroxide levels and oxidative stress markers in cardiac fibroblasts.’ We would like to point out some results stated in the article that need further investigation and more detailed discussion to clarify certain factors involved in the protective role of Prx-4 in heart failure.

Parenting Behaviors and Anxiety in Young Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Stevens ◽  
Joseph R. Bardeen ◽  
Kyle W. Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Effortful Control ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Parental Overprotection ◽  
High Control ◽  
Development Of Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Parenting behaviors – specifically behaviors characterized by high control, intrusiveness, rejection, and overprotection – and effortful control have each been implicated in the development of anxiety pathology. However, little research has examined the protective role of effortful control in the relation between parenting and anxiety symptoms, specifically among adults. Thus, we sought to explore the unique and interactive effects of parenting and effortful control on anxiety among adults (N = 162). Results suggest that effortful control uniquely contributes to anxiety symptoms above and beyond that of any parenting behavior. Furthermore, effortful control acted as a moderator of the relationship between parental overprotection and anxiety, such that overprotection is associated with anxiety only in individuals with lower levels of effortful control. Implications for potential prevention and intervention efforts which specifically target effortful control are discussed. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual differences in self-regulatory abilities when examining associations between putative early-life risk factors, such as parenting, and anxiety symptoms.

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