Evaluation of the World Health Organization Clinical Case Definition of AIDS among Tuberculosis Patients in Kinshasa, Zaire

Abstract COVID-19 started as a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan City, the Province of Hubei, China, in December 2019. It spread to many regions of China, outside of China and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11th, 2020. Initially Africa had no case and now the continent is reporting an increasing number of confirmed cases in an exponential manner (1,2).

Download Full-text

Case Definitions for Paediatric AIDS: The Zambian Experience

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/095646249300400204 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 83-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C Chintu ◽

A Malek ◽

M Nyumbu ◽

C Luo ◽

J Masona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Case Definition ◽

World Health ◽

Who Criteria ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Definition Of ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Clinical Case Definition

For the purpose of surveillance of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in developing countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended criteria for the clinical case definition of AIDS in adults and children. In a preliminary examination of children in Zambia a number of patients with obvious AIDS did not fit the published WHO case definition for paediatric AIDS. Based on this the Zambia National AIDS Surveillance Committee designed local criteria for the clinical case definition of paediatric AIDS. We compared the Zambian criteria with the WHO criteria for the diagnosis of paediatric AIDS by studying 134 consecutively admitted children to one of the paediatric wards at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka. Twenty-nine of the patients were HIV-1 seropositive and 105 were HIV-1 seronegative. Among the 29 HIV-seropositive patients, the Zambian criteria identified 23, and the WHO criteria identified 20 children as having AIDS. The 105 HIV-seronegative children were classified as having AIDS in 9 cases by the Zambian criteria and in 38 cases by the WHO criteria. These results give the Zambian criteria for the diagnosis of AIDS a sensitivity of 79.3%, a specificity of 91.4% and a positive predictive value of 86.8% compared to a sensitivity of 69%, specificity of 64% and a positive predictive value of 38% for the WHO criteria. The current WHO criteria are inadequate for the diagnosis of paediatric AIDS. The need to refine the WHO criteria for the diagnosis of paediatric AIDS is discussed.

Download Full-text

Adherence to Isoniazid Preventive Therapy among Under-Five Children in Contact with Adult Bacteriologically Confirmed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: A Mixed-Method Study

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2020/8834806 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Getachew Seid ◽

Tsegaye Tsedalu ◽

Marta Ayele ◽

Faham Khamesipour

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Study Design ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Preventive Therapy ◽

World Health ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

Background. The World Health Organization recommends that all children below the age of five who have household contact with an infectious tuberculosis case should receive isoniazid preventive treatment for at least six months after the active tuberculosis disease has been ruled out. This research aims to determine the adherence of children, eligible for isoniazid preventive treatment, to the treatment who had contact with pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods. A mixed study design was used to prospectively assess the adherence to IPT among children under the age of 5 in contact with pulmonary TB patients through the quantitative study design and barriers of adherence in view of health care professionals and the family of children through a descriptive qualitative study. The study was conducted from July 2019 to December 2019 in Addis Ababa. Data were collected by a structured datasheet from the selected health center registration book. Data were entered into Epi Data software and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistical methods were used to summarize the sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants. Result. The ratio of the total number of pulmonary tuberculosis index cases recruited into the study to the number of child contacts aged less than 5 years was 1 : 1.32. The total isoniazid preventive treatment uptake in this study was 75.2%; one-fifth (21.3%) of the children who started IPT did not complete the full course of six-month isoniazid preventive treatment. Except for HIV not to be tested ( P < 0.001 ), there was no significant association of the listed risk factors in default to complete the full six months of preventive treatment. Conclusion. Enrolment of eligible children for isoniazid preventive treatment in the urban city Addis Ababa was still below the target of the World Health Organization End tuberculosis strategy by 2030. The treatment adherence rate also needs a great deal of effort to achieve the strategy. Child default after the first visit indicates a lack of understanding about the benefit and safety of preventive therapy in young children among families of TB patients, and awareness-creating efforts by health extension workers will help to improve the outcomes.

Download Full-text

Kısa Cinsel Refah Ölçeğinin Türkçe Sürümü [Turkish Version of the Short Sexual Well-Being Scale]

10.31234/osf.io/8nrzq ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rafał Gerymski ◽

Ezgi Nur Güvem

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Sexual Satisfaction ◽

Well Being ◽

World Health ◽

Psychometric Validation ◽

Turkish Version ◽

The World ◽

Definition Of ◽

Health Organization

Sexual well-being is often mistakenly operationalized simply as sexual satisfaction. The concept of sexual well-being has been often used as an umbrella term for positive aspects of sexuality, apart from its negative spheres. A new concept of sexual well-being was proposed in line with the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of sexual health. The definition tried to enrich the concept of sexual well-being, but it did not solve the problem of its operationalization. Two separate studies were conducted for the psychometric validation of the Short Sexual Well-Being Scale. Short Sexual Well-Being Scales shows good psychometric properties in its original version. These properties are yet unknown for the its Turkish translation.

Download Full-text