The Nature and Clinical Significance of Atypical Mononuclear Cells in Infectious Mononucleosis Caused by the Epstein-Barr Virus in Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga S Fedyanina ◽  
Anna E Filippova ◽  
Olga I Demina ◽  
Olga A Zhuliabina ◽  
Dmitry S Tikhomirov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Antibody Microarray ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ebv Infection ◽  
Epstein Barr

Abstract Atypical mononuclear cells (AM) appear in significant numbers in peripheral blood of patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated infectious mononucleosis (IM). We investigated the number and lineage-specific clusters of differentiation (CD) expression of atypical mononuclear cells in 110 children with IM using the anti-CD antibody microarray for panning leukocytes by their surface markers prior to morphology examination. The AM population consisted primarily of CD8+ T cells with a small fraction (0%–2% of all lymphocytes) of CD19+ B lymphocytes. AM amount in children with mononucleosis caused by primary EBV infection was significantly higher than for IM caused by EBV reactivation or other viruses and constituted 1%–53% of all peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared to 0%–11% and 0%–8%, respectively. Children failing to recover from classic IM associated with primary EBV infection within 6 months had significantly lower percentage of CD8+ AM compared to patients with normal recovery rate.

Transient Immunodeficiency During Asymptomatic Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 964-967
Author(s):  
THOMAS J. BOWEN ◽  
RALPH J. WEDGWOOD ◽  
HANS D. OCHS ◽  
WERNER HENLE
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus Infection ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Immunoglobulin Synthesis ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ebv Infection ◽  
Epstein Barr

In vivo and in vitro humoral and cellular immune responses were studied in a 2½-year-old girl immediately before, during, and after an asymptomatic infection with Epstein-Barr virus. During the acute EBV infection, the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells were deficient in immunoglobulin synthesis and suppressed the in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis of normal allogeneic cells. In vitro mitogen transformation of lymphocytes was reduced. In vivo antibody responses to the T cell-dependent antigens bacteriophage φX 174 and Keyhole limpet hemocyanin were markedly depressed. These studies suggest that suppressor cells induced during acute EBV infection not only suppress immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro, but also interfere with in vivo antibody synthesis.

scholarly journals In vitro effects of Epstein-Barr virus on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and normal subjects.

1978 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 1429-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Slaughter ◽  
D A Carson ◽  
F C Jensen ◽  
T L Holbrook ◽  
J H Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Epstein Barr

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 9 control subjects were cultured in vitro for 30 days with and without infection by Epstein-Barr virus. All cultures showed polyclonal stimulation of B cells as indicated by rising levels of IgM in the culture supernates, reaching maximal at 18-24 days, and with no quantitative or kinetic difference between the RA and control cells. IgM anti-IgG was also produced in both groups and maximally at 18-24 days, but in greater quantity by the RA lymphocytes. The anti-IgG made by the RA lymphocytes was more easily absorbed by solid phase IgG than was the anti-IgG made by the normal lymphocytes and thus was judged to be of higher affinity. RA lymphocytes uninfected with EBV had higher transformation scores than did the normal controls and developed spontaneously into permanent cell lines in six instances.

scholarly journals THE VALUE OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH EBV INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS IN PREDICTING THE COURSE AND EFFICACY OF ANTIVIRAL AND IMMUNO IMMUNOCORRECTING THERAPY

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
T. A. Svintsova ◽  
D. M. Sobchak ◽  
O. V. Korochkina ◽  
G. A Kravchenko ◽  
V. V Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Differentiation Antigens ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

The indices of immune response were studied in 68 patients with infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (35 males, 33 females) aged 18 to 30 years. Materials and methods. The content of soluble forms of differentiation antigens (sCD95, sCD18, sCD50, sHLAI, sCD54) has been studied with enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies Mab IC0-20 and polyclonal antibodies to the antigens of the mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood. The control group included 60 healthy volunteers matched for age and sex with the main group. The aim of this study is the assessment of the content of soluble forms of differentiation antigens in patients with infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus, depending on gender, age, severity of illness, comorbidities, laboratory values, the presence of viral DNA, as well as a demonstration of their value in predicting the course and outcome of the disease and the efficacy of antiviral and immunocorrecting therapy. In patients with negative results of DNA indication of EBV a significant increase in the content of soluble forms of differentiation antigens characterizing the adhesion of leukocytes (sCD18), the activity of T-lymphocytes (sCD50), the recognition of foreign antigens (sHLAI) in the blood in comparison with patients with a positive DNA indication of EBV was determined. Conclusion. According to the results of this performed work the criterion for an adequate immune response in patients with infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus was found to be the increase of the content of soluble forms of differentiation antigens (sCD95, sCD18, sCD50 sHLAI, sCD54). In patients with exanthema, tonsillar syndrome, leukocytosis, elevation of transaminases and the presence of antibodies to capsid antigen (a/VCAIgM) the content of soluble forms of differentiation antigens (sCD95, sCD18, sCD50 sHLAI, sCD54), was higher than in patients without such symptoms. In the treatment with cycloferon in patients with cyclic course of EBV infectious mononucleosis the content of sHLAI and sCD54 at 2nd-4th weeks of treatment increased by 1.5-2 times compared with the corresponding values before treatment. In patients with reactivation of the disease monotonically low indices of all studied soluble forms of differentiation antigens persisted over the 4 weeks during patients following up. In patients with infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus, the dynamics of sHLAI and sCD54 after 2-4 weeks of treatment serves as secondary efficacy endpoint of antiviral, immunomodulatory therapy and the formation of the cyclic course of the disease.

Encephalitis in Infectious Mononucleosis: Diagnostic Considerations

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-880
Author(s):  
Beverly J. Lange ◽  
Peter H. Berman ◽  
Joseph Bender ◽  
Werner Henle ◽  
John F. Hewetson
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Diffuse Component ◽  
Early Antigen ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ebv Infection ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Etiologic Diagnosis

Four atypical cases of presumed infectious mononucleosis (IM) encephalitis are presented. To establish an etiologic diagnosis, Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn heterophil titers (PBD), antibody titers to the antigens of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and oropharyngeal excretion of EBV were determined. Criteria for a primary EBV infection are (1) an antiviral capsid antigen titer of 1:160 or greater, (2) the presence of antibody to the diffuse component of the early antigen, (3) absence of antibody to the nuclear antigen, and (4) excretion of the virus from the oropharynx. Three of the four cases met these criteria; of the three, one did not have a positive heterophil titer. The fourth case turned out not to be IM; there was a positive PBD heterophil, but there was no evidence of primary EBV infection. Although the PBD heterophil is usually a reliable test to diagnosis IM, it is not always present in children, and it is sometimes nonspecifically elevated. Some EBV titers can be nonspecifically elevated as well; however, the above criteria are diagnostic of primary EBV infection.

scholarly journals High Epstein-Barr Virus Load and Genomic Diversity Are Associated with Generation of gp350-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies following Acute Infectious Mononucleosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Weiss ◽  
Galit Alter ◽  
Javier Gordon Ogembo ◽  
Jennifer L. Henderson ◽  
Barbara Tabak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ebv Infection ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Acute Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Major Target

ABSTRACT The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) gp350 glycoprotein interacts with the cellular receptor to mediate viral entry and is thought to be the major target for neutralizing antibodies. To better understand the role of EBV-specific antibodies in the control of viral replication and the evolution of sequence diversity, we measured EBV gp350-specific antibody responses and sequenced the gp350 gene in samples obtained from individuals experiencing primary EBV infection (acute infectious mononucleosis [AIM]) and again 6 months later (during convalescence [CONV]). EBV gp350-specific IgG was detected in the sera of 17 (71%) of 24 individuals at the time of AIM and all 24 (100%) individuals during CONV; binding antibody titers increased from AIM through CONV, reaching levels equivalent to those in age-matched, chronically infected individuals. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) was rarely detected during AIM (4 of 24 individuals; 17%) but was commonly detected during CONV (19 of 24 individuals; 79%). The majority (83%) of samples taken during AIM neutralized infection of primary B cells; all samples obtained at 6 months postdiagnosis neutralized EBV infection of cultured and primary target cells. Deep sequencing revealed interpatient gp350 sequence variation but conservation of the CR2-binding site. The levels of gp350-specific neutralizing activity directly correlated with higher peripheral blood EBV DNA levels during AIM and a greater evolution of diversity in gp350 nucleotide sequences from AIM to CONV. In summary, we conclude that the viral load and EBV gp350 diversity during early infection are associated with the development of neutralizing antibody responses following AIM. IMPORTANCE Antibodies against viral surface proteins can blunt the spread of viral infection by coating viral particles, mediating uptake by immune cells, or blocking interaction with host cell receptors, making them a desirable component of a sterilizing vaccine. The EBV surface protein gp350 is a major target for antibodies. We report the detection of EBV gp350-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing EBV infection in vitro. The majority of gp350-directed vaccines focus on glycoproteins from lab-adapted strains, which may poorly reflect primary viral envelope diversity. We report some of the first primary gp350 sequences, noting that the gp350 host receptor binding site is remarkably stable across patients and time. However, changes in overall gene diversity were detectable during infection. Patients with higher peripheral blood viral loads in primary infection and greater changes in viral diversity generated more efficient antibodies. Our findings provide insight into the generation of functional antibodies, necessary for vaccine development.

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