Hospital surveillance predicts community pneumococcal antibiotic resistance in Vietnam

Abstract Background In Vietnam, Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of disease, including meningitis. Antibiotics are available without physician prescription at community pharmacies and rates of antibiotic non-susceptibility are high. Appropriate treatment and antibiotic stewardship need to be informed by surveillance data. Objectives To report community-based pneumococcal antibiotic susceptibility testing data from children enrolled in a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine trial in Ho Chi Minh City [the Vietnam Pneumococcal Project (ViPP)] and compare these with published hospital-based data from the nationwide Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) to determine whether hospital surveillance data provide an informative estimate of circulating pneumococcal resistance. Methods Pneumococcal isolates from 234 nasopharyngeal swabs collected from ViPP participants at 12 months of age underwent antibiotic susceptibility testing using CLSI methods and the data were compared with SOAR data. Results Antibiotic susceptibility testing identified penicillin-non-susceptible pneumococci in 93.6% of pneumococcus-positive ViPP swabs (oral, non-meningitis breakpoints). Non-susceptibility to erythromycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin and tetracycline also exceeded 79%. MDR, defined as non-susceptibility to three or more classes of antibiotic, was common (94.4% of swabs). Low or no resistance was detected for ceftriaxone (non-meningitis breakpoints), ofloxacin and vancomycin. Antibiotic non-susceptibility rates in ViPP and SOAR were similar for several antibiotics tested. Conclusions A very high proportion of pneumococci carried in the community are MDR. Despite wide disparities in population demographics between ViPP and SOAR, the non-susceptibility rates for several antibiotics were comparable. Thus, with some qualification, hospital antibiotic susceptibility testing data in Vietnam can inform circulating pneumococcal antibiotic non-susceptibility in young children, the group at highest risk of pneumococcal disease, to guide antibiotic prescribing and support surveillance strategies.

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing, Plasmid Detection and Curing of Clinically Isolated Enterococcus Species

Journal of Advances in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/jamb/2019/v16i330125 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. A. C. Ezeah ◽

M. C. Ugwu ◽

A. O. Ekundayo ◽

O. F. Odo ◽

O. C. Ike ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Plasmid Dna ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽

Enterococcus Species ◽

Transfer Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽

Agarose Electrophoresis

Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) are a major medical concern globally. Their significantly greater prevalence and the ability to transfer resistance to vancomycin from other bacteria made them an object of interest and intense research. The isolates of Enterococcus sp. were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing before curing. The three Enterococcus species exhibited different antibiotic resistance profile. Pre-curing antibiotic resistance of nosocomial isolates compared with community acquired isolates revealed that high percentage of the nosocomial isolates were resistant to antibiotics compared to community isolate. Post-curing antibiograms of the isolates showed different resistant and susceptibility pattern. Also, DNA plasmid pre-curing and post curing analysis of the isolates showed different resistance pattern. Six of the 15 representative isolates selected on the basis of their high pre-curing antibiotic resistance for plasmid analysis with 0.8% agarose electrophoresis were positive for plasmid DNA. Four (4) of the positive isolates (E. faecium, E. faecium, E. faecalis, and E. avium) had plasmid fragment of greater than 1000 bp while two (2) of them (E. faecalis and E. faecalis) had fragments of between 100 and 500 bp. The remaining nine (9) had no plasmid DNA. The study revealed the pathogenicity factors demonstrated with the enterococcal isolates.

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Current and Emerging Methods of Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics9020049 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 49 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Zeeshan A. Khan ◽

Mohd F. Siddiqui ◽

Seungkyung Park

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Empirical Therapy ◽

Pivotal Role ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) specifies effective antibiotic dosage and formulates a profile of empirical therapy for the proper management of an individual patient’s health against deadly infections. Therefore, rapid diagnostic plays a pivotal role in the treatment of bacterial infection. In this article, the authors review the socio-economic burden and emergence of antibiotic resistance. An overview of the phenotypic, genotypic, and emerging techniques for AST has been provided and discussed, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each. The historical perspective on conventional methods that have paved the way for modern AST like disk diffusion, Epsilometer test (Etest), and microdilution, is presented. Several emerging methods, such as microfluidic-based optical and electrochemical AST have been critically evaluated. Finally, the challenges related with AST and its outlook in the future are presented.

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Molecular characterization and antibiotic susceptibility ofVibrio choleraenon-O1

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800051906 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 114 (1) ◽

pp. 51-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

A. Dalsgaard ◽

O. Serichantalergs ◽

C. Pitarangsi ◽

P. Echeverria

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Toxin Gene ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽

Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Heat Stable ◽

Epidemiological Tool ◽

Gene Status

SUMMARYA collection of 64 clinical and environmentalVibrio choleraenon-O1 strains isolated in Asia and Peru were characterized by molecular methods and antibiotic susceptibility testing. All strains were resistant to at least 1 and 80% were resistant to two or more antibiotics. Several strains showed multiple antibiotic resistance (≥ three antibiotics). Plasmids most often of low molecular weight were found in 21/64 (33%) strains. The presence of plasmids did not correlate with antibiotic resistance or influence ribotype patterns. In colony hybridization studies 63/64 (98%)V. choleraenon-O1 strains were cholera toxin negative, whereas only strains recovered from patients were heat-stable enterotoxin positive. Forty-sevenBglI ribotypes were observed. No correlation was shown between ribotype and toxin gene status. Ribotype similarity was compared by cluster analysis and two main groups of 13 and 34 ribotypes was found. Ribotyping is apparently a useful epidemiological tool in investigations ofV. choleraenon-O1 infections.

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The presence of antibiotic resistance genes and bft genes as well as antibiotic susceptibility testing of Bacteroides fragilis strains isolated from inpatients of the Infant Jesus Teaching Hospital, Warsaw during 2007–2012

Anaerobe ◽

10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.03.003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

pp. 109-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Marta Kierzkowska ◽

Anna Majewska ◽

Ksenia Szymanek-Majchrzak ◽

Anna Sawicka-Grzelak ◽

Andrzej Mlynarczyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Bacteroides Fragilis ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

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ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI: EPIDEMIOLOGY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2012.6.1 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 5-15

Author(s):

Ngoc Quy Hue Dang ◽

Van Huy Tran

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Peptic Ulcer ◽

Peptic Ulcer Disease ◽

Treatment Regimen ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽

Ulcer Disease

Successful eradicative treatment of H.pylori will reduce the recurrence rate of peptic ulcer disease and the risk of gastric cancer. In our country, the indication of antibiotics for both H.pylori-induced and non-H.pylori-induced diseases has been so available that it has increased H.pylori antibiotic resistance which decreased the efficacy of H.pylori treatment. Some national researches have shown that the rate of H.pylori resistance to Clarithromycin is higher than 20%. For H.pylori-infected patients in whom two empirical regimens fail to eradicate H.pylori, it is necessary to perform culture and antibiogram so that doctors will choose which treatment regimen is suitable for them. Among the H.pylori antibiotic susceptibility testing, the Epsilometer test is both less effort and accurate. H.pylori treatment should be not only standardized and updated according to Maastricht Consensus IV-2012 but also strengthened the management of key antibiotics in H.pylori treatment.

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Multidisciplinary Applied Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing Training in the One Health Approach: ANATOLIAN PROJECT

Türk Mikrobiyoloji Cemiyeti Dergisi ◽

10.5222/tmcd.2021.27676 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Serap Süzük Yıldız ◽

Bunu Kaskatepe ◽

Özlem Ünaldı ◽

Hüsniye Şimşek ◽

Zeynep Ceren Karahan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Training Program ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

One Health ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Human Animal ◽

The One ◽

Resistance Data

Objective: Antibiotic resistance is one of the most significant problems of human-animal and environmental ecosystems. It is crucial to establish integrated surveillance systems and monitor resistance for the management of antibiotic resistance. Standardization of antibiotic resistance data obtained from various disciplines is the critical point in enhancing the data quality. To realize this objective, a common antibiotic susceptibility testing training program was prepared and performed for professionals from various disciplines to standardize the resistance data to be obtained from the human, animal, and environmental sectors in our country. Method: A total of 48 individuals participated in a five-day training program in three terms. In each period, four small groups, each consisting of four people from a group of different professions, were generated. Participants were trained on quality control, phenotypic tests, genotypic tests, and the use of resistance data in antibiotic susceptibility testing. Pre-test and post-tests were applied to the participants. Results: Individuals with a postgraduate degree who studied antibiotic susceptibility testing in the fields of medicine, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, food, and environment participated in the training. The average number of correct answers in the pre-test and post-test increased from 4.8 to 10.5 in April, from 4 to 9 in June and from 3.4 to 8.5 in September. They studied phenotypic and genotypic tests in the supplied isolates under the supervision of the educators. Conclusion: We presume that dissemination of the training at graduate and postgraduate levels will also enable the One-Health approach to become widespread. In addition, worldwide application of similar trainings will help standardization of resistance data, as well as one health approach.

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Whole Slide Imaging for High-Throughput Sensing Antibiotic Resistance at Single-Bacterium Level and Its Application to Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24132441 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (13) ◽

pp. 2441 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Donghui Song ◽

Haomin Liu ◽

Huayi Ji ◽

Yu Lei

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

High Throughput ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Large Population ◽

Accurate Determination ◽

Great Promise ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽

Whole Slide Imaging ◽

Antibiotic Resistant

Since conventional culture-based antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) methods are too time-consuming (typically 24–72 h), rapid AST is urgently needed for preventing the increasing emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant infections. Although several phenotypic antibiotic resistance sensing modalities are able to reduce the AST time to a few hours or less, concerning the biological heterogeneity, their accuracy or limit of detection are limited by low throughput. Here, we present a rapid AST method based on whole slide imaging (WSI)-enabled high-throughput sensing antibiotic resistance at single-bacterium level. The time for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was theoretically shortest, which ensures that the growth of each individual cell present in a large population is inhibited. As a demonstration, our technique was able to sense the growth of at least several thousand bacteria at single-cell level. Reliable MIC of Enterobacter cloacae against gentamicin was obtained within 1 h, while the gold standard broth dilution method required at least 16 h for the same result. In addition, the application of our method prevails over other imaging-based AST approaches in allowing rapid and accurate determination of antibiotic susceptibility for phenotypically heterogeneous samples, in which the number of antibiotic resistant cells was negligible compared to that of the susceptible cells. Hence, our method shows great promise for both rapid AST determination and point-of-care testing of complex clinical bacteria isolates.

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Color-Coded Droplets and Microscopic Image Analysis for Multiplexed Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

Biosensors ◽

10.3390/bios11080283 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 283

Author(s):

Yunjin Jeong ◽

Haewook Jang ◽

Junwon Kang ◽

Juhong Nam ◽

Kyoungseob Shin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Drug Testing ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽

Testing Conditions ◽

Clinical Process ◽

E Coli ◽

Global Issue

Since the discovery of antibiotics, the emergence of antibiotic resistance has become a global issue that is threatening society. In the era of antibiotic resistance, finding the proper antibiotics through antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) is crucial in clinical settings. However, the current clinical process of AST based on the broth microdilution test has limitations on scalability to expand the number of antibiotics that are tested with various concentrations. Here, we used color-coded droplets to expand the multiplexing of AST regarding the kind and concentration of antibiotics. Color type and density differentiate the kind of antibiotics and concentration, respectively. Microscopic images of a large view field contain numbers of droplets with different testing conditions. Image processing analysis detects each droplet, decodes color codes, and measures the bacterial growth in the droplet. Testing E. coli ATCC 25922 with ampicillin, gentamicin, and tetracycline shows that the system can provide a robust and scalable platform for multiplexed AST. Furthermore, the system can be applied to various drug testing systems, which require several different testing conditions.

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