Changes in Wage Distributions, Wage Gaps and Wage Inequality by Gender in Kenya

Abstract We investigate differences in gender wage gaps between foreign-owned and domestically owned firms in Poland, a country that has experienced large FDI inflows over the past three decades. We show that the adjusted gender wage gaps are larger among employees working in the foreign-owned sector than in the domestic sector. The gender pay gaps are found to be larger in the foreign-owned companies than in the domestically owned firms at every decile of the wage distribution, with the largest disparities being observed at the bottom and at the top. Our findings also show that in the foreign-owned sector, the returns to individual, job, and firm characteristics earned by women are much lower than the returns earned by men, but that the foreign-owned firms appear to pay higher firm-specific wage premia to women than to men, thereby narrowing within-firm gender wage inequality. These patterns differ from those observed in the domestic sector, in which firm wage premia tend to widen within-firm wage distributions, and contribute to the overall level of gender wage inequality.

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Employment as a Price or a Prize of Equality: A Descriptive Analysis

Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies ◽

10.19154/njwls.v2i2.2355 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Erling Barth ◽

Karl Ove Moene

Keyword(s):

Labor Force ◽

Labor Force Participation ◽

Wage Inequality ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Wage Bargaining ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Specific Effects ◽

Wage Distributions ◽

Employment Rates ◽

Wage Compression

To put Scandinavian employment in perspective, we ask whether wage compression hampers employment rates, or not. We answer by reviewing the most important theoretical arguments and the most informative regularities across countries with different wage distributions. The pattern seems to be that countries with compressed wage distributions tend to have higher employment, and countries with higher wage inequality tend to have lower employment. This also holds when we consider the rate of labor force participation. In line with the theoretical arguments, coordination in wage bargaining seems to contribute to both employment expansion and wage compression. There is a clear positive correlation between coordination and employment even when we control for inequality, country, and year-specific effects.

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The Assignment of Workers to Tasks, Wage Distribution, and Technical Change: A Critical Review

Journal of Income Distribution ◽

10.25071/1874-6322.18128 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Arnaud Dupuy

Keyword(s):

Production Function ◽

Wage Inequality ◽

Technical Change ◽

Critical Review ◽

Wage Structure ◽

Wage Distribution ◽

Wage Distributions ◽

General Equilibrium Effect ◽

Assignment Models ◽

Equilibrium Effect

This article reviews the literature on two-sided atomless assignment models of workers to tasks. Using simple parametric examples, the fundamental differences between the comparative-advantage and the scale-of-operations models are illustrated. Holding the distributions of abilities and tasks and the production function of worker-task pairs constant, the two principles are shown to produce different wage distributions and wage inequality. These models are useful to evaluate the general equilibrium effect of technical change on the wage structure. In all models, Skill Biased Technical Change that impacts the production function of worker-task pairs leads to rising wage inequality.

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Firm Dynamics, Job Turnover, and Wage Distributions in an Open Economy

The American Economic Review ◽

10.1257/aer.20110457 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 106 (3) ◽

pp. 625-663 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

A. Kerem Coşar ◽

Nezih Guner ◽

James Tybout

Keyword(s):

Wage Inequality ◽

Open Economy ◽

National Income ◽

Firm Dynamics ◽

Job Turnover ◽

Firm Level ◽

Firing Costs ◽

Level Data ◽

Wage Distributions ◽

Trade Frictions

This paper explores the combined effects of reductions in trade frictions, tariffs, and firing costs on firm dynamics, job turnover, and wage distributions. It uses establishment-level data from Colombia to estimate an open economy dynamic model that links trade to job flows and wages. Counterfactual experiments imply that Colombia's integration with global product markets increased its national income at the expense of higher unemployment, greater wage inequality, and increased firm-level volatility. In contrast, contemporaneous labor market reforms dampened the increase in unemployment and aggregate job turnover. The results speak more generally to the effects of globalization on labor markets. (JEL F13, F16, F66, J31, J63, O15, O19)

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IWPR investigates wage gaps for Maryland's women and minorities

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e571912011-004 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Vicky Lovell ◽

Emma Kronick

Keyword(s):

Wage Gaps

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Econometric Analysis of Returns to Education of Rural and Urban Labour Markets Workers in Tamil Nadu

Indian Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.35716/ijed/20023 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 336-344

Keyword(s):

Wage Inequality ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Returns To Education ◽

Labour Markets ◽

Wage Distribution ◽

Rural Market ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Rate Of Returns ◽

Education Groups ◽

Quantile Regression Method

The objective of this study was to empirically evaluate the returns to education of rural and urban labour markets workers in Tamil Nadu using the IHDS data with appropriate Econometric models. First, the present study estimated the earning functions of the rural and urban market's workers by OLS technique and standard Mincerian earning functions. Secondly, the quantile regression method was also used to examine the evolution of wage inequality. The findings of the study showed that the effects of education and experience on the log of hourly wages were positive, and these coefficients were statistically significant. The returns to education increased with the level of education and differed among the workers of rural and urban labour markets. The results showed that the rates of returns to primary, middle and higher secondary were higher in the urban market, whereas those of secondary and graduation were higher in the rural market. The study revealed that the effect of education was not the same across the rural and urban wage distribution. The rate of returns differed considerably within education groups across different quantiles of the wage distribution.

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