Differentiation of Certain Types of Cassias and Cinnamons by Measurement of Mucilaginous Character

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-744
Author(s):  
William H Stahl ◽  
Jean N Skarzynski ◽  
William A Voelker
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Particle Size Fraction ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Alcohol Water

Abstract A simple method has been refined to differentiate Korintji and Batavia cassias from cassias of different geographical origin and also from true cinnamons. A certain particle-size fraction of the spice is slurried in an isopropyl alcohol-water mixture, heated to 80°C, transferred to a 100 ml graduated cylinder, shaken, and allowed to settle over a 2 hr period. The height of the column of sediment is measured. Korintji and Batavia give average column heights of 85.0 ml with a standard deviation of 6.7, and Seychelle cinnamon and Saigon cassia give an average height of 25.3 ml with a standard deviation of 4.1.

Distribution of total bacteria and staphylococci in PM2.5, PM10 and total dust in the emission of two fattening pig houses/Verteilung von Gesamtbakterien und Staphylokokken in PM2,5, PM10 und Gesamtstaub in der Emission von zwei Mastschweineställen

Gefahrstoffe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (09) ◽  
pp. 344-348
Author(s):  
M. Clauß ◽  
S. Linke ◽  
A. C. Springorum
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Dispersion Modelling ◽  
Particle Size Fraction ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Total Dust ◽  
Dust Distribution ◽  
Selective Collection ◽  
Total Bacteria

The particle size distribution of airborne bacterial conglomerates is an important factor in calculating possible spread distances of the bacteria over the air. Therefore, a size-selective collection system based on an emission impinger was developed to compare the distribution of total bacteria and staphylococci in particle fractions PM2.5, PM10 and total dust in the emission of two fattening pig stables. Mean emissions of 7.2 × 104 cfu/m³ total bacteria, 6.1 × 104 cfu/m³ staphylococci and 2.8 × 106 cells/m3 measured. About 30% of total bacteria and staphylococci were found in the PM2.5 particle size fraction and about 60% in PM10. The average dust distribution was 80% PM10 and 60% PM2.5. The results show that airborne bacteria from fattening pig units mainly occur on larger particles and do not correlate with dust fractions. The found conditions should be considered in future dispersion modelling.

scholarly journals Laser Diffraction as An Innovative Alternative to Standard Pipette Method for Determination of Soil Texture Classes in Central Europe

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Dušan Igaz ◽  
Elena Aydin ◽  
Miroslava Šinkovičová ◽  
Vladimír Šimanský ◽  
Andrej Tall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Texture Classification ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Particle Size Fraction

The paper presents the comparison of soil particle size distribution determined by standard pipette method and laser diffraction. Based on the obtained results (542 soil samples from 271 sites located in the Nitra, Váh and Hron River basins), regression models were calculated to convert the results of the particle size distribution by laser diffraction to pipette method. Considering one of the most common soil texture classification systems used in Slovakia (according to Novák), the emphasis was placed on the determination accuracy of particle size fraction <0.01 mm. Analysette22 MicroTec plus and Mastersizer2000 devices were used for laser diffraction. Polynomial regression model resulted in the best approximation of measurements by laser diffraction to values obtained by pipette method. In the case of particle size fraction <0.01 mm, the differences between the measured values by pipette method and both laser analyzers ranged in average from 3% up to 9% and from 2% up to 11% in the case of Analysette22 and Mastersizer2000, respectively. After correction, the differences decreased to average 3.28% (Analysette22) and 2.24% (Mastersizer2000) in comparison with pipette method. After recalculation of the data, laser diffraction can be used alongside the sedimentation methods.

scholarly journals Synthesis of tetraalkyl thiuram disulfides using different oxidants in recycling solvent mixture

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milutin Milosavljevic ◽  
Aleksandar Marinkovic ◽  
Jelena Markovic ◽  
Danijela Brkovic ◽  
Milan Milosavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Solvent Mixture ◽  
Azeotropic Mixture ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Alcohol Water ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
Laboratory Synthesis

A new optimized laboratory synthesis of tetraalkyl thiuram disulfides, starting from dialkyl amines and carbon disulfide in presence of three oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, potassium peroxodisulfate and sodium hypochlorite) and appropriate reaction medium: two mixtures of isopropyl alcohol - water used in two consecutive syntheses, was presented in this work. First synthesis was performed in a recycled azeotropic mixture of isopropyl alcohol - water 87.7% - 12.3%, and second in a filtrate obtained after first synthesis, which was a mixture of isopropyl alcohol - water 70.4% - 29.6%. After the second synthesis and filtration, recycled azeotropic mixture isopropyl alcohol - water 87.7% - 12.3% was regenerated from the filtrate by rectification. Considering this, the technology for beneficial use of recycling isopropyl alcohol - water mixture as reaction medium for tetraalkyl thiuram disulfides synthesis was developed. Such concept contributes to extraordinary economical benefit of implemented optimal laboratory synthesis at semi-industrial level. High yields of tetraalkyl thiuram disulfides syntheses were obtained at both laboratory and semiindustrial level. Structure and purity of synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, as well as FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR, and MS spectral data.

scholarly journals Temporal Variation of Radiocarbon Concentration in Airborne Particulate Matter in Tokyo

Radiocarbon ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Shibata ◽  
Michio Endo ◽  
Naomichi Yamamoto ◽  
Jun Yoshinaga ◽  
Yukio Yanagisawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Particle Size Fraction ◽  
Airborne Particulate ◽  
Carbonaceous Particles ◽  
Secondary Particles ◽  
Insight Into

The temporal radiocarbon variation (in terms of percent Modern Carbon: pMC) of size-fractionated airborne particulate matter (APM) collected in Tokyo between April 2002 and February 2003 was analyzed in order to get an insight into the sources of carbonaceous particles. Results indicated significant biogenic origins (approximately 40 pMC on average). In general, the seasonal and particle size variations in pMC were relatively small, with 2 exceptions: elevated pMC in coarse particles in April and October 2002, and relatively low pMC in the finest particle size fraction collected in August 2002. The former finding could be tentatively attributed to the abundance of coarse particles of biological origins, such as pollen; the latter might be due to an increased fraction of anthropogenic secondary particles.

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