Methods of Analysis for Toxic Elements in Food Products. 2. Review of USSR Standards on Determinations of Heavy Metals and Arsenic

1989 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-293
Author(s):  
Igor M Skurikhin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Test Portion ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Analytical Test ◽  
Interlaboratory Reproducibility ◽  
Heavy Metals And Arsenic

Abstract Methods of analysis prescribed by USSR standards for Hg, Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Cu, Fe, and Sn in foods are described: for Hg—colorimetry of tetraiodide mercurate and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS); for Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu—polarography; for Cu—colorimetry with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate; for As—colorimetry with silver diethyldithiocarbamate; for Sn— colorimetry with quercetin; and for Fe—colorimetry with o-phenanthroline. All of the methods have the necessary metrological characteristics, including intralaboratory repeatability value (r), interlaboratory reproducibility value (R), minimum quantity of the element to be determined in the analytical test portion (MQSM), and the coefficients that account for mercury and arsenic losses during analysis. Establishing constant r- and R-values for the methods under consideration is expedient because (a) the methods suggested are used for safety purposes; and (b) the optimum amount of the element studied in the test sample is determined, to a certain degree, by the mass of the test portion.

Methods of Analysis for Toxic Elements in Food Products. 1. Mineralization Methods to Determine Heavy Metals and Arsenic According to the USSR Standard

1989 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor M Skurikhin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Heavy Metals And Arsenic

Abstract Results of the work of 22 laboratories in the USSR on optimizing methods for mineralizing foods to determine Pb, Cd, As, Zn, Cu, Sn, and Fe are summarized. Recommendations are given on dry and wet mineralization as related to the analyte and the kind of food product. Optimum amounts of test portions for 22 food groups are also recommended according to the element of interest.

scholarly journals Limits for the Content of Heavy Metals and Arsenic as a Means of Ensuring Safe Use of Herbal Medicinal Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
M. S. Galenko ◽  
I. V. Gravel ◽  
N. Yu. Velts ◽  
R. N. Alyautdin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Herbal Medicinal Products ◽  
Herbal Medicinal ◽  
Heavy Metals And Arsenic

Herbal medicinal products (HMPs) are widely used in medical practice due to their availability, ease of use, and relatively safe pharmacological profile. However, medicinal plants are capable of accumulating heavy metals and arsenic which can have toxic effect on the human body when found in HMPs. The aim of the study was to summarise and analyse requirements of the Russian and foreign pharmacopoeias for the limits of heavy metals and arsenic in HMPs. National and regional pharmacopoeias have limits for the content of the major toxic elements (lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, and arsenic) in HMPs. The study showed that the Indian and Japanese pharmacopoeias include only semi-quantitative methods for determination of heavy metals and arsenic, while the Russian and Chinese pharmacopoeias allow for the use of both quantitative and semi-quantitative methods. It was demonstrated that the limits for heavy metals and arsenic are the same for herbal substances and HMPs. The development of consistent approaches to determination of heavy metals and arsenic content, a systematic transition to quantitative methods of analysis, and establishment of individual limits for toxic elements in different HMP dosage forms, will make it possible to achieve the so-called consistent harmonisation, ensure reliable assessment of the content of heavy metals and arsenic, and minimize the risk of their entering human body with HMPs.

Heavy metals pollution potentials in the National Iron Ore Mining Company, Itakpe

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Ocheri ◽  
A. D. Omah ◽  
C. N. Mbah ◽  
R. E. Njoku ◽  
N. A. Urama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Pollution Potential ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Metals Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals Pollution

Heavy metals pollution potential in National Iron Ore Mining Company, Itakpe was investigated. Two mining sites located at the east mining pits such as M3O, which is 370 m above sea level and M2O, which is 350 m above sea level were studied.  Sequential extraction techniques was utilised to examine the distribution effect of the heavy metals pollution potential on the environment. Twelve representative (six-soil, two-sediment, two-plant and two-water) samples were collected, pre-treated and prepared for this study. The atomic absorption spectrometer was used to analyse the concentration of the metals after the sequential and single-stage extractions were determined. Results showed that Chromium, Arsenic, Cadmium and Copper are more bioavailable in the study area than Lead and Iron. This findings indicate that human, animals and plants are exposed to toxic elements (metals and metalloids).

Application of iron-coated sand on the treatment of toxic metals

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Kyu Yang ◽  
Yoon-Young Chang ◽  
Sung-Il Lee ◽  
Hyung-Jin Choi ◽  
Seung-Mok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Selective Adsorption ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Column Experiments ◽  
Adsorption Behaviour ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Coated Sand

Iron-coated sand (ICS) prepared by using FeCl3 and Joomoonjin sand widely used in Korea was used in this study. In batch adsorption kinetics, As(V) adsorption onto ICS was completed within 20 minutes, while adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) onto ICS was slower than that of As(V) and strongly depended on initial pH. At pH 3.5, ICS showed a selective adsorption of Pb(II) compared to Cd( II) and Cu(II) . However, above pH 4.5, near complete removal of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) was observed through adsorption or precipitation depending on pH. As(V) adsorption onto ICS occurred through an anionic-type and followed a Langmuir-type adsorption behaviour. In column experiments, pH was identified as an important parameter in the breakthrough of As(V). As(V) breakthrough at pH 4.5 was much slower than at pH 9 due to a strong chemical bonding between As(V) and ICS as similar with batch adsorption behaviour. With variation of ICS amounts, the optimum amount of ICS at pH 4.5 was identified as 5.0 grams in this research. At this condition, ICS could be used to treat 200 mg of As(V) with 1 kg of ICS until 50 ppb of As(V) appeared in the effluent. In this research, as a new treatment system, ICS can be potentially used to treat As(V) and cationic heavy metals.

Hydrogeochemistry of Toxic Elements in Urbanized Geotechnical Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-550
Author(s):  
S.N. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
The Urals

Abstract In urbanized geotechnical systems (UGSs), the majority of problems related to the ecological hydrochemistry of Cd, Pb, Ni and other heavy metals are the result of emergent characteristics of a system as a whole as opposed to individual pollution sources. In petrochemical UGSs, pollution of the environment from compounds containing methylating or alkylating agents results in an increase in the mobility of Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr and As. This process is controlled by environmental and microclimatic factors rather than by pollution sources. Under conditions of predominant dust and element effects, geo-chemically paradoxical associations of Cd with Ni, Mn and Cr can be formed in the main life support media in mining and metallurgical UGSs. Uncontrolled processes of hydrochemical interactions take place in complex multifunctional UGSs, leading to a change in speciation of heavy metals, particularly cadmium. This report is part of a 5-year study of the geotechnical systems in the Urals.

HEAVY METALS AND ARSENIC CONTAMINATION IN LA BARRA DE SANTIAGO ESTUARY, EL SALVADOR

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina L. López ◽  
◽  
Abiodun E. Ayo-Bali ◽  
Mauricio Vasquez Jandres ◽  
Benancio Henriquez Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Arsenic Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metals And Arsenic

scholarly journals Toxic Elements in Traditional Kohl-Based Eye Cosmetics in Spanish and German Markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6109
Author(s):  
Elisabet Navarro-Tapia ◽  
Mariona Serra-Delgado ◽  
Lucía Fernández-López ◽  
Montserrat Meseguer-Gilabert ◽  
María Falcón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Prior Distribution ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
The Eu

Kohl is a traditional cosmetic widely used in Asia and Africa. In recent years, demand for kohl-based eyelids and lipsticks has increased in Europe, linked to migratory phenomena of populations from these continents. Although the European legislation prohibits the use of heavy metals in cosmetics due to the harmful effects to human health, particularly to pregnant women and children, these elements are still present in certain products. The European Union recommended levels are Pb < 20 ppm, As < 5 ppm, Cd < 5 ppm, Sb < 100 ppm, and Ni < 200 ppm. In Germany, levels are more restrictive: Pb < 2 ppm, As < 0.5 ppm, Cd < 0.1 ppm, Sb < 0.5 ppm, and Ni < 10 ppm. Here, we analyzed 12 kohl-based cosmetics in different presentations (powder, paste, and pencil) that were purchased in Spanish and German local shops. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer was used to identify toxic elements and heavy metals. Levels of Pb ranged between 1.7 and 410,000 ppm in six of the study samples, four of which had levels above the recommended limit of at least two heavy metals. Arsenic (a carcinogenic element) values were within the range allowed by the EU in only 58% of the studied samples. Moreover, two products doubled this limit, reaching levels of 9.2 and 12.6 ppm. In one of the products, cadmium, related to toxic keratitis, was four times higher (20.7 ppm) than that allowed, while in two other products, these limits were doubled (11.8 and 12.7 ppm). Our results indicate the need to supervise the manufacture of kohl-based traditional products and the analysis of their composition prior distribution in European countries.

Distribution of Heavy Metals and Arsenic in Greenbelt Roadside Soils of Pudong New District in Shanghai

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Fang ◽  
Y. Dong ◽  
B. Gu ◽  
G. J. Hao ◽  
Z. W. Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Roadside Soils ◽  
Heavy Metals And Arsenic
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