Evaluation and Application of a Bioluminescent Bacterial Genotoxicity Test

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S C Sun ◽  
Henry M Stahr
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Genotoxicity Test ◽  
Exogenous Metabolic Activation ◽  
Positive Controls

Abstract The Mutatox® test (commercial name for the bioluminescent bacterial genotoxicity test) has been shown to be a good alternative to the Ames test. The test uses dark mutants of luminous bacteria (Vibrio fischeri) and determines the ability of various genotoxic agents to restore the luminescence by inducing mutation. It provides a rapid screening test which can be used to assay the genotoxicity of large numbers of pure and complex compounds. The test is completed in 1 day, and by serially diluting the compound, dose response data plus toxicity data can be generated for a number of samples simultaneously. For the direct assay (without exogenous metabolic activation), the positive controls selected were 3,6-diaminoacridine (proflavine) and N-methyl-N-nitro-nitrosoguanidine. For the S-9 assay, which incorporated the microsome fraction (S-9) from rat liver as an exogenous metabolic activation system, the positive controls selected were aflatoxin B1 and benzo(a)pyrene. This study also indicated that methyl-imidazo-quinoline and tryptophan pyrolysates were genotoxic in the presence of S-9 activation, aflatoxin B1 epoxide and fumonisin B1 showed direct genotoxic activity, and aflatoxin B2 and ochratoxin A were not genotoxic.

scholarly journals An In-Silico Pipeline for Rapid Screening of DNA Aptamers against Mycotoxins: The Case-Study of Fumonisin B1, Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulvio Ciriaco ◽  
Vincenzo De Leo ◽  
Lucia Catucci ◽  
Michelangelo Pascale ◽  
Antonio F. Logrieco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Critical Requirement ◽  
Exponential Enrichment

Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides selected by SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment) able to discriminate target molecules with high affinity and specificity, even in the case of very closely related structures. Aptamers have been produced for several targets including small molecules like mycotoxins; however, the high affinity for their respective target molecules is a critical requirement. In the last decade, the screening through computational methods of aptamers for their affinity against specific targets has greatly increased and is becoming a commonly used procedure due to its convenience and low costs. This paper describes an in-silico approach for rapid screening of ten ssDNA aptamer sequences against fumonisin B1 (FB1, n = 3), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1, n = 2) and ochratoxin A (OTA, n = 5). Theoretical results were compared with those obtained by testing the same aptamers by fluorescent microscale thermophoresis and by magnetic beads assay for their binding affinity (KD) revealing a good agreement.

In vitro studies of the effects of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 on trypsin-like and collagenase-like activity from the hepatopancreas of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Aquaculture ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 250 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Burgos-Hernández ◽  
Sergio I. Farias ◽  
Wilfrido Torres-Arreola ◽  
Josafat M. Ezquerra-Brauer
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
White Shrimp

Cell specificity in metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1 and benzo(a)pyrene to mutagens for mammalian cells

Nature ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 276 (5685) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT LANGENBACH ◽  
HEATHER J. FREED ◽  
DINA RAVEH ◽  
ELIEZER HUBERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Cell Specificity

A lateral flow assay for simultaneous detection of Deoxynivalenol, Fumonisin B1 and Aflatoxin B1

Toxicon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songcheng Yu ◽  
Leiliang He ◽  
Fei Yu ◽  
Lie Liu ◽  
Chenling Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Lateral Flow Assay

scholarly journals The Mechanism Underlying the Extreme Sensitivity of Duck to Aflatoxin B1

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kuntan Wu ◽  
Minjie Liu ◽  
Huanbin Wang ◽  
Shahid Ali Rajput ◽  
Yajing Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Cytochrome P450s ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Metabolic Detoxification ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Extreme Sensitivity ◽  
Mutual Conversion

Most metabolites of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), especially exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO), can induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to vary degrees, causing oxidative stress and liver damage, and ultimately induce liver cancer in humans and animals. Duck is one of the most sensitive animals to AFB1, and severe economic losses are caused by duck AFB1 poisoning every year, but the exact mechanism of this high sensitivity is still unclear. This review highlights significant advances in our understanding of the AFB1 metabolic activation, like cytochrome P450s (CYPs), and AFB1 metabolic detoxification, like glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in poultry. In addition, AFB1 may have other metabolic pathways in poultry, such as the mutual conversion of AFB1 and aflatoxicol (AFL) and the process of AFBO to produce AFB1-8,9-dihydrodiol (AFB1-dhd) and further metabolize it into detoxification substances. This review also summarized some exogenous regulatory substances that can alleviate AFB1-induced oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Antibody Microarray Immunoassay for Simultaneous Quantification of Multiple Mycotoxins in Corn Samples

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Zhang ◽  
Zuohuan Wang ◽  
Yun Fang ◽  
Renjie Sun ◽  
Tong Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Antibody Microarray ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Microarray Immunoassay

We developed and tested a prototype of an antibody microarray immunoassay for simultaneous quantitative detection of four typical mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, and fumonisin B1) in corn samples. The test kit consisted of a nitrocellulose membrane layered with immobilized monoclonal antibodies against mycotoxins. During the assay, the mycotoxin-protein conjugates were biotinylated. The signal detection was enhanced by a combination of the biotin-streptavidin system and enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL). This improved the sensitivity of the assay. Under the optimized conditions, four calibration curves with goodness of fit (R2 > 0.98) were plotted. The results showed that the detection limits for aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, and fumonisin B1 were 0.21, 0.19, 0.09, and 0.24 ng/mL, with detection ranges of 0.47–55.69, 0.48–127.11, 0.22–31.36, and 0.56–92.57 ng/mL, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) of this antibody microarray for aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, and fumonisin B1 in corn was 5.25, 4.75, 2.25, and 6 μg/kg, respectively. The recovery rates from the spiked samples were between 79.2% and 113.4%, with coefficient of variation <10%. The results of the analysis of commercial samples for mycotoxins using this new assay and the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were comparable and in good agreement. This assay could also be modified for the simultaneous detection of other multiple mycotoxins, as well as low-weight analytes, hazardous to human health.

Effect of Storage Treatments on Anthocyanin, Fumonisin B1, Aflatoxin B1 Content of Anthocyanin Extract from Purple Corn (Zea may L.) in North China

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 759-763
Author(s):  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Xiao Yan Zhao ◽  
Fen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
North China ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Zea May ◽  
Purple Corn ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Anthocyanin Production

Effects of storage treatments on anthocyanin, fumonisin B1, aflatoxin B1 content of anthocyanin extract from purple corn were evaluated based on the harvest of 2008 and 2009 in north China. The anthocyanin content of anthocyanin extract from husk was 62.4 g/kg, being significant higher than that from cob and seed. The fumonisin B1 and aflatoxin B1 content of anthocyanin extract from the husk were 4.25 and 5.60 μg/kg, respectively, according with legislative limitation of USFDA. Moreover, the fumonisin B1 and aflatoxin B1 content of anthocyanin extract from the husk were lower than the maximum limitation of USFDA after each storage treatments. Therefore, the husk of the purple corn in north China was feasible for anthocyanin production due to its high anthocyanin content and low fumonisin B1 and aflatoxin B1 content.

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