scholarly journals Standard Practice for Bulk Sample Collection and Swab Sample Collection of Visible Powders Suspected of Being Biological Agents from Nonporous Surfaces: Collaborative Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie E Locascio ◽  
Bruce Harper ◽  
Matthew Robinson ◽  
T Badar
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Swab Sample ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sample Method

Abstract The draft ASTM Standard, Standard Practice for Bulk Sample Collection and Swab Sample Collection of Visible Powders Suspected of Being Biological Agents from Nonporous Surfaces,’’ was validated in a collaborative study consisting of 6 teams comprised of Civil Support personnel and First Responders, 2 levels of Bacillus anthracis Sterne and Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstaki spores, and 7 nonporous surfaces. The sample collection standard includes collection of the bulk sample (Method A) using a dry swab to push the sample onto a collection card and collection of residual sample (Method B) using an onsite test kit followed by a wet swab intended for additional onsite testing. Method A is to be performed prior to Method B in order to preserve unadulterated sample as potential criminal evidence. While statistical differences were observed between surfaces, between teams, and the interaction of surfaces and teams for the various sample types collected, these differences are due to the very low variability of the data and a much more narrow distribution than an ideal normal distribution, rather than to any practical differences. The data demonstrate that from both the 1.0 and 0.01 g powder samples, high levels of spores (mean >106 CFU) are recovered from the 7 surfaces by both the dry swab used in bulk sample collection (Method A) and the wet swab (Method B) sampling of the residual powder after bulk sample collection. Thus, after bulk sample collection, there is a high level of residual spores remaining for onsite biological testing and both Methods A and B should be performed in the field.

scholarly journals Reveal 8-Hour Test System for Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Raw Ground Beef, Raw Beef Cubes, and Iceberg Lettuce Rinse: Collaborative Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B Bird ◽  
Rebecca J Hoerner ◽  
Lawrence Restaino ◽  
G Anderson ◽  
W Birbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Test System ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inspection Service ◽  
High Level ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Five different food types were analyzed by the Reveal for E. coli O157:H7 8-Hour Test System (Reveal 8) and either the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) culture method or the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) culture method for the presence of E. coli O157:H7. A total of 27 laboratories representing academia and private industry in the United States and Canada participated. Food types were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 at 2 different levels: a high level where predominantly positive results were expected, and a low level where fractional recovery was anticipated. During this study, 1110 samples and controls were analyzed by both the Reveal 8 and by BAM or FSIS by each of the collaborators (2220 samples in total). For each set of samples, 740 were artificially inoculated with E. coli O157:H7, and 370 were uninoculated controls. The Reveal 8 detected 528 presumptive positives of which 487 were confirmed positive by the BAM culture method. In comparison, BAM and FSIS detected 489 of the 740 artificially contaminated samples as positive. In an additional in-house study performed only on chilled and frozen raw ground beef, 240 artificially inoculated samples were analyzed by both the Reveal 8 and by FSIS. The Reveal 8 detected and confirmed 104 samples as positive compared to 79 confirmed positive by FSIS.

Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Foods by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry: II. Collaborative Study

1982 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 978-986
Author(s):  
Stephen G Capar ◽  
Raymond J Gajan ◽  
Elizabeth Madzsar ◽  
Richard H Albert ◽  
Marion Sanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Anodic Stripping ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
High Level

Abstract A dry ash anodic stripping voltammetric method for determining lead and cadmium in foods was collaboratively studied by 20 laboratories. The food commodities studied were strained green beans, beef (baby food), fish (mackerel), infant formula (milk base), apple juice, and cereal (wheat farina). Each collaborator analyzed 3 commodities, each consisting of 2 duplicate lead and cadmium fortification levels, for a total of 4 samples for each commodity. The low fortification levels ranged from 0.03 to 0.08 ppm for cadmium and from 0.05 to 0.15 ppm for lead. The high fortification levels ranged from 0.12 to 0.28 ppm for cadmium and from 0.24 to 0.45 ppm for lead. Each commodity was analyzed by 10 collaborators. The average overall reproducibilities of the low level fortifications were 247c for lead and 21% for cadmium; for the high level fortifications, average overall reproducibilities were 18% for lead and 16% for cadmium. The average accuracies of the collaborative results as measured by comparison to reference values were 96 and 97% for cadmium and lead, respectively. This method has been adopted official first action.

scholarly journals Salmonella Detection in Dried Milk Products by Motility Enrichment on Modified Semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis Medium: Collaborative Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F Bolderduk ◽  
John E Milas ◽  
H Asperger ◽  
H Becker ◽  
S Chatron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Whey Powder ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Butter Milk ◽  
Whole Milk Powder

Abstract A collaborative study involving 19 laboratories was performed to validate motility enrichment on modified semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis (MSRV) medium for rapid detection of motile Salmonella in dried milk products. The MSRV method was compared with the AOAC culture method for detection of Salmonella in nonfat milk powder, whole milk powder, whey powder, casein powder, and butter milk powder. Samples were artificially inoculated with Salmonella at 2 levels of contamination. Un-inoculated control samples were included for each type of product. The sensitivity rates were 100% for the MSRV method and 99.0% for the AOAC culture method, while the specificity rate was 100.0% for both methods. Only for the samples of whey powder, which were inoculated with H2S negative S. tennessee, was there a significant difference in the proportion of samples positive by MSRV and the culture procedure. The MSRV method for detection of motileSalmonella in dried milk products has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an overnight non-culture test for detection of viable Gram-negative bacteria in endoscope channels

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. E268-E273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harminder Singh ◽  
Donald Duerksen ◽  
Gale Schultz ◽  
Carol Reidy ◽  
Pat DeGagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Workflow ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background and study aims Prevention of infection transmission from contaminated endoscopes would benefit from a rapid test that could detect low levels of viable bacteria after high level disinfection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rapid NOW! (RN) test’s ability to detect endoscope contamination. Materials and methods The RN test kit and the accompanying fluorometer were evaluated. The manufacturer states that a fluorometer signal > 300 units is indicative of viable Gram-negative bacteria. Suspension testing of varying concentrations of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis were used to determine the RN test limit of detection. Simulated-use testing was done using a duodenoscope inoculated with 10 % blood containing approximately 35 CFU E. coli per channel. Samples were extracted from the duodenoscope instrument channel and tested using the manufacturer’s instructions. Results The RN test could consistently detect 10 CFU of E. coli and P. aeruginosa (fluorescent signal of 9,000 to 11,000 units) but not E. faecalis. Sensitivity and specificity for Gram-negative bacteria were 93 % and 90 %, respectively, using all of the suspensions in the study. Extraction of E. coli from an inoculated duodenoscope instrument channel repeatedly provided a positive signal (i. e. > 2,000 units). Conclusions The RN test can reliably detect low levels of Gram-negative bacteria in suspension as well as from samples extracted from endoscope channels. These preliminary findings are encouraging but further assessment of extraction efficacy, impact of organic residuals and clinical workflow are still needed.

A pilot study to compare dry cervical sample collection with standard practice of wet cervical samples for human papillomavirus testing

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 210-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhana Sultana ◽  
Dorota M. Gertig ◽  
C. David Wrede ◽  
Dallas R. English ◽  
Julie A. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
Cervical Sample ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Testing

How Many Bloods will a ‘HIVCHEK’ Check? Multiple Tests for HIV Antibody for a Single Screening Kit

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Wannan ◽  
M J Cranefield ◽  
W A M Cutting ◽  
P R Fischer ◽  
F D Hargreaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hiv Seroprevalence ◽  
Multiple Tests ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Multiple Sample ◽  
Sample Method ◽  
Hiv 1

Detection of HIV infection in blood donors or populations is usually by testing sera for antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2. Screening tests are now highly sensitive and specific, but still expensive and scarce in Africa. We tested the commercially available kits ‘HIVCHEK 1 + 2′ in two field laboratories, on specimens from blood donors and antenatal women in rural Zaire. We describe a method of using one test kit for up to five serum samples, saving money and time. In 491 antenatal mothers in Eastern Zaire, among whom the HIV seroprevalence was 3.3%, we compared ‘HIVCHEK’ results with results obtained by ELISA and Western blot. The ‘HIVCHEK’ multiple-sample method had a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 99.6%. In an area with an HIV seroprevalence of <4%, using ‘HIVCHEK’ by the multiple sample method would lead to a saving of about £2400 for every 1000 individuals tested.

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