scholarly journals USDA FSIS and FDA BAM Culture Methods BBL CHROMagar Salmonella Prepared Plated and Difco Dehydrated Culture Media

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Ritter ◽  
Nancy Dick
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Shell Eggs ◽  
Reference Methods ◽  
Raw Fish ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The U.S

Abstract BBL and Difco CHROMagar Salmonella (CS) was evaluated internally and externally for the recovery of Salmonella in raw chicken, raw ground beef, raw fish, lettuce, and shell eggs. The raw chicken and ground beef were processed according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service reference methods. The raw fish, lettuce, and shell eggs were processed according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bacteriological Analytical Manual procedures. Only raw chicken was found to be naturally contaminated with Salmonella; all other matrixeswere seededwith an appropriate dilution of organism to achieve fractionally positive results. Salmonella strains were permitted to equilibrate with the culture-negative matrixes for 48 h at 4C. Twenty 25 g samples of each food matrix plus 5 uninoculated samples were processed. CS prepared plates (CS PPM) and laboratory prepared plates from dehydrated culture media (CS DCM) were evaluated with the reference method media. A total of 16 positive cultures were obtained from the raw chicken samples, 17 in the raw ground beef, 18 in the raw fish and lettuce, and 11 in the shell eggs. A Chi-square analysis was performed on each of the food matrixes. BBL CS produced comparable results with the reference methods on all matrixes, resulting in a method agreement of 100 based on the Chi-square results. In testing known isolates the sensitivity and specificity was determined to be 94. Specificity improved to 98 when tetrathionate broth enrichment was used. A negative- and false-positive rate of 6 was found with known isolates. No false negatives were found in testing the food matrixes. The performance of the CS prepared plate and laboratory prepared plate was identical.

Evaluation of VIDAS®Salmonella (SLM) Easy Salmonella Method for the Detection of Salmonella in a Variety of Foods: Collaborative Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1821-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Crowley ◽  
Patrick Bird ◽  
Kiel Fisher ◽  
Katherine Goetz ◽  
M Joseph Benzinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Reference Methods ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The VIDAS®Salmonella (SLM) Easy Salmonella method is a specific enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay performed in the automated VIDAS instrument. The VIDAS Easy Salmonella method is a simple 2-step enrichment procedure, using pre-enrichment followed by selective enrichment in a newly formulated broth, SX2 broth. This new method was compared in a multilaboratory collaborative study to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Chapter 5 method for five food matrixes (liquid egg, vanilla ice cream, spinach, raw shrimp, and peanut butter) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook 4.04 method for deli turkey. Each food type was artificially contaminated with Salmonella at three inoculation levels. A total of 15 laboratories representing government, academia, and industry, throughout the United States, participated. In this study, 1583 samples were analyzed, of which 792 were paired replicates and 791 were unpaired replicates. Of the 792 paired replicates, 285 were positive by both the VIDAS and reference methods. Of the 791 unpaired replicates, 341 were positive by the VIDAS method and 325 were positive by the cultural reference method. A Chi-square analysis of each of the six food types was performed at the three inoculation levels tested. For all foods evaluated, the VIDAS Easy SLM method demonstrated results comparable to those of the reference methods for the detection of Salmonella.

scholarly journals Addendum: ISO Culture Methods Comparative Testing of BBL CHROMagar Salmonella Prepared Plated Culture Medium

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Ritter ◽  
Nancy Dick
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Shell Eggs ◽  
Raw Fish ◽  
Method Agreement

Abstract BBL CHROMagar Salmonella (CS) was evaluated for the detection of Salmonella species compared to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 6579:2002 reference method media. Raw chicken, raw ground beef, raw fish, lettuce, and shell eggs were evaluated by an independent laboratory. Raw chicken was found to be naturally contaminated with Salmonella; all other matrixes were seeded with Salmonella at a low level. Four Salmonella serovars were used for seeding the food matrixes. A total of 120 food samples were analyzed. The detection and isolation of Salmonella on CS was compared to the ISO culture methods reference media, using the recommended pre-enrichments and selective enrichments. BBL CS produced results comparable to those of the reference methods on all matrixes, resulting in a method agreement of 100 based on the Chi-square results. Known isolates were tested and had a sensitivity of 96.8 and specificity of 94. No false negatives were found in testing the food matrixes. The results of this study demonstrate that BBL CS is an effective medium for the recovery and detection of Salmonella in raw chicken, raw ground beef, raw fish, lettuce, and shell eggs using ISO method 6579.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Assurance GDS™ for E. coli O157:H7 Method and Assurance GDS for Shigatoxin Genes Method in Selected Foods: Collaborative Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 1334-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip T Feldsine ◽  
Shannon T Green ◽  
Andrew H Lienau ◽  
James Stephens ◽  
Markus T Jucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orange Juice ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Reference Methods ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Better Than

Abstract A multilaboratory collaborative study was conducted to compare the Assurance GDS™ for E. coli O157:H7 method and the reference culture methods for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in orange juice, raw ground beef, and fresh lettuce. A separate companion assay, the Assurance GDS for Shigatoxin Genes method was also evaluated with the same test portions. Fifteen laboratories participated in the study. A Chi square analysis of each of the 3 food types at the high, low, and uninoculated control levels was performed. For all foods, the Assurance GDS for E. coli O157:H7 method and the Assurance GDS for Shigatoxin Genes method were equivalent to or better than the reference methods.

scholarly journals USDA FSIS, FDA BAM, and ISO Culture Methods BD BBL CHROMagar O157 Media

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1118-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Ritter ◽  
Susan Kircher ◽  
Nancy Dick
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beef ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inspection Service ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Method Agreement

Abstract BBL CHROMagar O157 media (CO) was evaluated for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw ground beef and unpasteurized apple cider. The recovery of E. coli O157:H7 on CO was compared to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) reference-plated media using the recommended enrichment broths. Of the 180 food samples tested, 45 were tested using BAM, 45 using the USDA method, and 90 using the ISO method. CO produced comparable results with the reference methods on all matrixes with a sensitivity of 100 and a specificity of 100. No false negatives were found in testing the food matrixes. There was no statistical difference in recovery based on Chi-square analysis. Method agreement for raw ground beef was 85 for the USDA FSIS method and 95 for the ISO method. Method agreement for unpasteurized apple cider was 100 for the ISO and FDA BAM methods. In all cases where method agreement was <100, CO detected more positives than the reference method media. Evaluation of known isolates on CO in inclusivity and exclusivity testing had a sensitivity and specificity of 100. The results of this study demonstrate that CO is an effective medium for the recovery and detection of E. coli O157:H7 in raw ground beef and unpasteurized apple cider using FDA BAM, USDA FSIS, and ISO methods.

scholarly journals Reveal® Salmonella Enteritidis Test for Detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in Shell Eggs and Environmental Samples

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balamurugan Jagadeesan ◽  
Stephanie Curry ◽  
Debra Foti ◽  
Lauren Peterson ◽  
Rebecca Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Reference Procedure ◽  
Shell Eggs ◽  
Enrichment Procedure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Reveal®Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is a lateral flow-based immunodiagnostic assay used for rapid detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis from pooled shell eggs and environmental samples. This assay uses highly specific antibodies to accurately detect S. Enteritidis. Studies were conducted to compare the performance of this test against reference procedures for detection of S. Enteritidis from both pooled shell eggs and environmental samples. Pooled shell eggs were inoculated with low levels of S. Enteritidis and were enriched according to the procedure prescribed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Uninoculated samples were included in each trial. Reveal SE exhibited 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity in comparison to the reference method in all trials. An abbreviated 48 h/(no hold) enrichment procedure was also developed and validated for detection of S. Enteritidis from pooled shell egg samples. This shortened enrichment procedure can be used in conjunction with the Reveal SE test and offers a significant enrichment time savings of 96 h. Chi-square analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between the abbreviated Reveal method and the reference procedure for detection of S. Enteritidis from pooled shell egg samples. Out of 245 natural drag swabs screened internally, only three samples tested Reveal SE positive and were confirmed by the reference procedure, resulting in 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. An external laboratory screened 147 poultry house environmental samples and obtained 35 Reveal SE confirmed positives for Reveal SE sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 90%. Inoculation trials with drag swabs resulted in 96% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Thus, these data demonstrate that Reveal SE is a highly sensitive and specific assay for the detection of S. Enteritidis from both pooled shell eggs and environmental samples.

Validation of the ANSR®E. coli O157:H7 Method for Detection of E. coli O157:H7

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Viator ◽  
Susan Alles ◽  
Quynh-Nhi Le ◽  
Edan Hosking ◽  
Evan Meister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Reference Methods ◽  
Inspection Service ◽  
The U.S

Abstract A performance validation of the ANSR® for E. coli O157:H7 method was conducted in selected food matrixes. This assay uses selective nicking enzyme amplification technology to amplify target genes. Samples are enriched for 12–24 h and then lysed. The assay is completed within 40 min using real-time detection in a combination incubator/fluorescence detector and software. When 44 distinct strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and 6 strains of E. coli O157:NM were tested for inclusivity, all 50 strains produced positive results. In exclusivity testing, 57 strains representing 33 species of closely related Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, including 11 non-H7 O157 strains and shiga toxin-producing E. coli other than O157:H7, were evaluated. All 57 nontarget strains generated negative ANSR assay results. Using 80% lean ground beef and beef trim (approximately 20% fat), ANSR method performance was compared to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook reference culture procedure. ANSR performance with baby spinach and sprout irrigation water was measured against the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual reference method. ANSR method performance was not statistically different to that of the reference methods using two different enrichment options. For ground beef and beef trim, the standard enrichment in modified Tryptone Soya Broth can be analyzed using the ANSR assay with a 1:10 dilution of the enrichment in phosphate-buffered saline and produces equivalent results to the reference method. Additionally, in most matrixes tested (exception is spinach which required 24 h enrichment) the assay offers great efficiency and flexibility over the reference method with a 12–24 h single-step enrichment. Equivalent results were observed at both time points (12 and 24 h) to reference methods. Small changes to the assay parameters minimally affected ANSR method performance. Finally, accelerated stability results from three independently manufactured lots support a shelf-life of 6 months when stored at 4°C.

scholarly journals Validation of iQ-Check E. coli O157:H7 Real-Time PCR Test Kit for Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Selected Foods

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1095-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy F Lauer ◽  
Sylvie Tymciu ◽  
Caroline D Sidi ◽  
Pierre Sonigo
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The U.S

Abstract iQ-Check E. coli O157:H7 (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) is a real-time PCR kit for detection of E. coli O157:H7 from selected foods. Specific fluorescent oligonucleotide probes are used to detect target DNA during the amplification, by hybridizing to the amplicons. These fluorescent probes are linked to a fluorophore which fluoresces only when hybridized to the target sequence. Three foods (ground beef, apple cider, fresh spinach) were selected to compare the performance of iQ-Check E. coli O157:H7 to the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook (MLG) reference method for ground beef and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration/Bacteriological Analytical Manual reference method for apple cider and fresh spinach. Three protocols were tested in this study: a shortened 8 h primary enrichment in buffered peptone water (BPW), a 24 h enrichment in BPW, and an enrichment in appropriate reference method enrichment broth. The iQ-Check E. coli O157:H7 method was able to identify more true/confirmed positive samples than the reference method. Inclusivity and exclusivity rates of the method were 100. iQ-Check E. coli O157:H7 performed as expected when minor procedural variations were introduced, validating the ruggedness of the method. There was no significant difference observed in performance over the shelf life of the kit.

scholarly journals USDA FSIS, FDA BAM, AOAC, and ISO Culture Methods BD BBL CHROMagar Listeria Media

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1105-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Ritter ◽  
Susan Kircher ◽  
Krista Sturm ◽  
Patty Warns ◽  
Nancy Dick
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beef ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Smoked Salmon ◽  
Inspection Service ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract BBL CHROMagar Listeria Media (CL) was evaluated for detection of Listeria monocytogenes in raw ground beef, smoked salmon, lettuce, and Brie cheese. The recovery of L. monocytogenes on CL was compared to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), AOAC, and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) reference-plated media using the recommended pre-enrichments and selective enrichments. Of the 265 food samples tested, 140 were tested using BAM, USDA, or AOAC methods and 125 were tested using ISO methods. CL produced comparable results with the reference methods on all matrixes with a sensitivity of 99.3 and a specificity of 100. No false negatives were found in testing the food matrixes. There was no statistical difference in recovery based on Chi-square analysis. Known isolates were evaluated, and CL had a sensitivity and specificity of 100. The results of this study demonstrate that CL is an effective medium for the recovery and detection of L. monocytogenes in raw ground beef, smoked salmon, lettuce, and Brie cheese using FDA BAM, USDA FSIS, AOAC, and ISO culture methods.

scholarly journals iQ-Check Salmonella II: Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Test Kit

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1865-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy F Lauer ◽  
Caroline D Sidi ◽  
Jean-Philippe Tourniaire ◽  
Thomas Hammack
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction Test

Abstract iQ-Check Salmonella II is a real-time PCR kit for detection of Salmonella in foods. Specific oligonucleotide probes are used to detect target DNA during the amplification, by hybridizing to the amplicons. These probes are linked to a fluorophore, which fluoresces only when hybridized to the target sequence. As part of an Emergency Response Validation due to a massive outbreak and subsequent recall, peanut butter was tested to compare the performance of iQ-Check Salmonella II to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA-BAM) reference method for detection of Salmonella. A single enrichment in buffered peptone water was used for a reduced enrichment time of 21 1 h over the 48 h reference method. There was no significant difference in the performance of the iQ-Check kit when compared to the FDA-BAM method, as determined by Chi-square analysis. All samples identified as positive by iQ-Check were confirmed by reference method protocol.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the GeneQuence® DNA Hybridization Method in Conjunction with 24-Hour Enrichment Protocols for Detection of Salmonella spp. in Select Foods: Collaborative Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 738-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A Mozola ◽  
Xuan Peng ◽  
Michael Wendorf ◽  
S Alles ◽  
L Artiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Milk Chocolate ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Whole Egg ◽  
The U.S

Abstract A multilaboratory study was conducted to compare performance of the GeneQuence® DNA hybridization (DNAH) method incorporating new 24 h enrichment protocols and reference culture procedures for detection of Salmonella spp. in select foods. Six food types (raw ground turkey, raw ground beef, dried whole egg, milk chocolate, walnuts, and dry pet food) were tested by the DNAH method and by the culture methods of either the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) or the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA/BAM). Fifteen laboratories participated in the study. Four of the foods tested (raw ground turkey, dried whole egg, milk chocolate, and dry pet food), showed no statistically significant differences in performance between the DNAH method and the reference procedure as determined by Chi square analysis. Sensitivity rates for the DNAH method ranged from 92 to 100. The DNAH method, with the specific enrichment protocol evaluated, was found to be ineffective for detection of Salmonella spp. in walnuts. For raw ground beef, results from one trial showed a statistically significant difference in performance, with more positives obtained by the reference method. However, evidence suggests that the difference in the number of positives was likely due to lack of homogeneity of the test samples rather than to DNAH method performance.

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