scholarly journals Reveal® Salmonella Enteritidis Test for Detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in Shell Eggs and Environmental Samples

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balamurugan Jagadeesan ◽  
Stephanie Curry ◽  
Debra Foti ◽  
Lauren Peterson ◽  
Rebecca Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Reference Procedure ◽  
Shell Eggs ◽  
Enrichment Procedure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Reveal®Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is a lateral flow-based immunodiagnostic assay used for rapid detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis from pooled shell eggs and environmental samples. This assay uses highly specific antibodies to accurately detect S. Enteritidis. Studies were conducted to compare the performance of this test against reference procedures for detection of S. Enteritidis from both pooled shell eggs and environmental samples. Pooled shell eggs were inoculated with low levels of S. Enteritidis and were enriched according to the procedure prescribed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Uninoculated samples were included in each trial. Reveal SE exhibited 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity in comparison to the reference method in all trials. An abbreviated 48 h/(no hold) enrichment procedure was also developed and validated for detection of S. Enteritidis from pooled shell egg samples. This shortened enrichment procedure can be used in conjunction with the Reveal SE test and offers a significant enrichment time savings of 96 h. Chi-square analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between the abbreviated Reveal method and the reference procedure for detection of S. Enteritidis from pooled shell egg samples. Out of 245 natural drag swabs screened internally, only three samples tested Reveal SE positive and were confirmed by the reference procedure, resulting in 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. An external laboratory screened 147 poultry house environmental samples and obtained 35 Reveal SE confirmed positives for Reveal SE sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 90%. Inoculation trials with drag swabs resulted in 96% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Thus, these data demonstrate that Reveal SE is a highly sensitive and specific assay for the detection of S. Enteritidis from both pooled shell eggs and environmental samples.

scholarly journals USDA FSIS and FDA BAM Culture Methods BBL CHROMagar Salmonella Prepared Plated and Difco Dehydrated Culture Media

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Ritter ◽  
Nancy Dick
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Shell Eggs ◽  
Reference Methods ◽  
Raw Fish ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The U.S

Abstract BBL and Difco CHROMagar Salmonella (CS) was evaluated internally and externally for the recovery of Salmonella in raw chicken, raw ground beef, raw fish, lettuce, and shell eggs. The raw chicken and ground beef were processed according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service reference methods. The raw fish, lettuce, and shell eggs were processed according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bacteriological Analytical Manual procedures. Only raw chicken was found to be naturally contaminated with Salmonella; all other matrixeswere seededwith an appropriate dilution of organism to achieve fractionally positive results. Salmonella strains were permitted to equilibrate with the culture-negative matrixes for 48 h at 4C. Twenty 25 g samples of each food matrix plus 5 uninoculated samples were processed. CS prepared plates (CS PPM) and laboratory prepared plates from dehydrated culture media (CS DCM) were evaluated with the reference method media. A total of 16 positive cultures were obtained from the raw chicken samples, 17 in the raw ground beef, 18 in the raw fish and lettuce, and 11 in the shell eggs. A Chi-square analysis was performed on each of the food matrixes. BBL CS produced comparable results with the reference methods on all matrixes, resulting in a method agreement of 100 based on the Chi-square results. In testing known isolates the sensitivity and specificity was determined to be 94. Specificity improved to 98 when tetrathionate broth enrichment was used. A negative- and false-positive rate of 6 was found with known isolates. No false negatives were found in testing the food matrixes. The performance of the CS prepared plate and laboratory prepared plate was identical.

scholarly journals iQ-Check Salmonella II: Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Test Kit

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1865-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy F Lauer ◽  
Caroline D Sidi ◽  
Jean-Philippe Tourniaire ◽  
Thomas Hammack
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction Test

Abstract iQ-Check Salmonella II is a real-time PCR kit for detection of Salmonella in foods. Specific oligonucleotide probes are used to detect target DNA during the amplification, by hybridizing to the amplicons. These probes are linked to a fluorophore, which fluoresces only when hybridized to the target sequence. As part of an Emergency Response Validation due to a massive outbreak and subsequent recall, peanut butter was tested to compare the performance of iQ-Check Salmonella II to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA-BAM) reference method for detection of Salmonella. A single enrichment in buffered peptone water was used for a reduced enrichment time of 21 1 h over the 48 h reference method. There was no significant difference in the performance of the iQ-Check kit when compared to the FDA-BAM method, as determined by Chi-square analysis. All samples identified as positive by iQ-Check were confirmed by reference method protocol.

Comparison of ELISA and RT-PCR assays for the detection of Tomato spotted wilt virus in peanut

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Dang ◽  
D. L. Rowland ◽  
W. H. Faircloth
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Diagnosis of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in peanut can be accomplished by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) but there has been no report of a direct comparison of the success of the two assays in evaluating infection rates of field-grown peanut. We collected peanut root samples from field-grown plants, 76 in 2006 and 48 in 2007, and tested these samples by both ELISA and RT-PCR assays for the presence of TSWV. Out of 124 samples, 50 (40.3%) and 57 (46.0%) were positive for TSWV by ELISA and RT-PCR respectively. In 13.7% of these samples, ELISA and RT-PCR differed in their results. However, Chi square analysis showed no significant difference between the results for these two assays. This result supports the conclusion that ELISA and RT-PCR are comparable for detecting TSWV infection rates in field-grown peanuts.

scholarly journals Parasitology and urban livestock farming in Nigeria : prevalence of ova in faecal and soil samples and animal ectoparasites in Makurdi

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Omudu ◽  
E.U. Amuta
Keyword(s):  
Test Tube ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Domestic environmental pollution resulting from urban livestock farming was investigated in Makurdi using parasitological techniques. The test tube flotation technique was used for the parasitological analysis of animal faecal matter and soil samples collected from residential premises. Ectoparasitic fauna of dogs, goats, sheep and cattle cohabiting with humans within the same residential compound were also collected and identified. The hand-picking and body brushing methods were employed to search for ticks, fleas, lice and mites. Of the 150 soil samples examined, 55 (36.7 %) were positive for 1 or more eggs of helminth parasites. There was no significant difference in the distribution of eggs in the soil samples from the 3 areas sampled (c2=0.046, df=2, P>0.05). Ascaris species were the dominant parasite eggs found. Of the 180 faecal samples examined, 107 (59.4 %) were positive for 1 or more eggs of helminth parasites. Chi-square analysis showed no significant difference in the level of infection of different animal faeces sampled (c2=5.74, df=4, P>0.05). Ascaris species were again the dominating helminth parasite eggs found. There was also no significant difference in the prevalence of helminth eggs in the animal faecal samples from the 3 areas sampled (c2=5.99, df=4, P>0.05). A total of 1908 ectoparasites was recovered (ticks: 32.80 %; lice: 22.43 %; fleas: 22.06% and mite: 22.69 %). There was no significant difference in infestation animals between sexes (c2=0.10, df=4, P>0.05). The predominant genus encountered for ticks were Amblyomma, while Linognathus (43.90%), Ctenocephalides (97.38%) and Sarcoptes (58.89 %) were most predominant for lice, fleas and mites respectively. The public health implications of the findings, especially as these relate to the increasing incidence and prevalence of zoonotic infections, are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Doses of 17 Α -Methyltestosterone on Masculinization, Pre-Post Treatment Growth Parameters and Condition Factor of Sarotherodon Melanotheron in Pond System

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Theophilus Apenuvor ◽  
John Blay ◽  
Joseph Aggreyfynn ◽  
Simon Drafor
Keyword(s):  
Condition Factor ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Sarotherodon Melanotheron

Over-population and stunted growth had been major challenges in the culture of tilapia. The use of synthetic androgen 17- α Methyl Testosterone (MT) was a breakthrough. However, its optimum level towards effective masculinization and growth is a concern. The aim of this research was to ascertain the optimum level of MT towards effective all-male population production and growth of Black-Chinned tilapia. In the present study, the effect of different dose rates of synthetic androgen 17-α Methyl Testosterone (MT) i.e., 0, 30, 60, and 120 mg of the hormone per kg of feed on sex, growth, and condition of Black-Chinned tilapia was evaluated. MT was administered orally by using powdered dry starter feed (Crude Protein 40 %) and Ethanol. The fry was fed for 30 days in the experimental tanks. At the end of the experiment, the sex ratios were determined by examining the operculum coloration as a means of sex identification. Growth performance was monitored by measuring and recording the morphometric characteristics. Bodyweight and total length of the fish on the start of feeding, end of feeding (one month sex reversal period), and two months after feeding were measured. The results of the present study showed that all MT receiving treatment showed a significantly higher male proportion than the control (0 mg MT/kg feed individuals). In all MT treatments groups, the control expects the 30 mg MT/kg in feed individuals’ deviate significantly from the normal 1:1 sex ratio (Chi-square analysis). The dose rate of 120 mg MT /kg feed resulted in the maximum male population (92.7%). Hence, for an effective high percentage of all-male population production in Black-Chinned tilapia, 120 mg MT /kg in feed is recommended. In terms of growth and condition factor, all the individual treatments, as well as the control, showed no significant difference. All the treated individuals showed similar condition factors during the pre and post-treatment, however, the individuals treated with 30 mg MT /kg feed exhibited better condition during the pre-treatment than the post-treatment period. Temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen recorded in this study were within the desirable limit for tilapia.

scholarly journals Changing patterns of Salmonella serovars: increase of Salmonella Enteritidis in São Paulo, Brazil

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.T. Tavechio ◽  
S.A. Fernandes ◽  
B.C. Neves ◽  
A.M.G. Dias ◽  
K. Irino
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Shell Eggs ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Human Infections

Serovars of a total of 5,490 Salmonella strains isolated during the period of 1991-95, from human infections (2,254 strains) and from non-human materials (3,236 strains) were evaluated. In the studied period, 81 different serovars were determined among human isolates. Salmonella Enteritidis corresponded to 1.2% in 1991, 2% in 1992, 10.1% in 1993, 43.3% in 1994, and 64.9% in 1995 of all isolates. A significant rise on the isolation of this serovar was seen since 1993 linked to food poisoning outbreaks. It is reported also an increase on the isolation of S. Enteritidis from blood cultures, associated mainly with patients with immunodeficiency syndrome. S. Enteritidis was prevalent among one hundred and thirty different serovars isolated from non-human sources. Increasing number of isolation of this serovar was seen from shell eggs, breeding flocks and from environmental samples. It is also reported a contamination of commercial feed stuffs by S. Enteritidis which represents a major concern for Brazilian poultry industry.

scholarly journals Straight Line Scoring by Clinical Competency Committees Using Emergency Medicine Milestones

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Beeson ◽  
Stanley J. Hamstra ◽  
Melissa A. Barton ◽  
Kenji Yamazaki ◽  
Francis L. Counselman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Reporting Requirement ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Nominal Variables

ABSTRACT Background  In 2013, milestone ratings became a reporting requirement for emergency medicine (EM) residency programs. Programs rate each resident in the fall and spring on 23 milestone subcompetencies. Objective  This study examined the incidence of straight line scoring (SLS) for EM Milestone ratings, defined as a resident being assessed the same score across the milestone subcompetencies. Methods  This descriptive analysis measured the frequencies of SLS for all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)–accredited EM programs during the 2015–2016 academic year. Outcomes were the frequency of SLS in the fall and spring milestone assessments, changes in the number of SLS reports, and reporting trends. Chi-square analysis compared nominal variables. Results  There were 6257 residents in the fall and 6588 in the spring. Milestone scores were reported for 6173 EM residents in the fall (99% of 6257) and spring (94% of 6588). In the fall, 93% (5753 residents) did not receive SLS ratings and 420 (7%) did, with no significant difference compared with the spring (5776 [94%] versus 397 [6%]). Subgroup analysis showed higher SLS results for residents' first ratings (183 of 2136 versus 237 of 4220, P < .0001) and for their final ratings (200 of 2019 versus 197 of 4354, P < .0001). Twenty percent of programs submitted 10% or more SLS ratings, and a small percentage submitted more than 50% of ratings as SLS. Conclusions  Most programs did not submit SLS ratings. Because of the statistical improbability of SLS, any SLS ratings reduce the validity assertions of the milestone assessments.

scholarly journals Borderline Dysplasia with Acetabular Retroversion: Key Findings from a Large Hip Arthroscopy Study Group

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7_suppl6) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0043
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kivlan ◽  
Shane Nho ◽  
Andrew Wolff ◽  
John Salvo ◽  
John Christoforetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Arthroscopy ◽  
Arthroscopic Surgery ◽  
Acetabular Retroversion ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Crossover Sign ◽  
Center Edge ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
And Control

Objectives: The radiographic crossover sign (COS) is an indicator of acetabular retroversion, classically representing anterosuperior overcoverage often treated with acetabuloplasty which could exacerbate acetabular hypovolemia in dysplasia. No prior study has investigated the prevalence of acetabular retroversion in patients with dysplasia undergoing hip arthroscopy, acetabuloplasty rates, and outcomes in this setting. Study objectives are to report the prevalence of acetabular retroversion in dysplasia, the influence of the COS on arthroscopic acetabuloplasty rates, and relative outcomes compared with control groups. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed from a prospectively collected multi-center database. Patients undergoing isolated hip arthroscopic surgery were assigned to dysplasia (lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) ≤ 25°) or one of two control groups: normal(LCEA 26-38°), or pincer femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)(LCEA ≥ 39°). The prevalence of COS and acetabuloplasty rates between and within study and control groups were compared (Chi square analysis). Minimum 2 year outcomes utilizing iHOT-12 were compared (analysis of variance). Results: Of 401 study patients, 64 (16%) comprised the dysplasia group, 273 (68%) normal group, and 64 (16%) pincer group. Mean LCEAs were 22.3°, 31.5°, and 42.4°, respectively (p<0.001). COS prevalence was similar between groups at 31%, 26%, and 33%, respectively (p=0.873). Acetabuloplasty rates were dependent on the amount of acetabular coverage with lowered rate in the dysplasia group(40%) and increasing rates in the normal(52%) and the pincer(90%) groups (p=0.013). Post-operative iHOT-12 scores improved in all groups (68, 74, and 77, respectively, p=0.222). Patients with a COS plus rendered acetabuloplasty reported similar scores that improved to 77, 74, and 79, respectively,(p=0.949). Patients with dysplasia with COS averaged 73.1(SD 23.3) iHOT-12 score compared to 67.1(SD: 28.7) for the patients with dysplasia without COS (p=0.466). Within the dysplasia with COS subgroup, there was no significant difference in iHOT-12 scores between the group with acetabuloplasty (77.0;SD:17.1) and without acetabuloplasty (70.4;SD:27.4,p=0.580). Conclusion: Acetabular retroversion occurs with similar prevalence in borderline dysplasia compared with non-dysplastic hips undergoing hip arthroscopy but with lower acetabuloplasty rates not influenced by the COS. Arthroscopic outcomes of dysplasia with retroversion are similarly successful and comparable with those of dysplasia and non-dysplastic hips. Although infrequently performed, acetabuloplasty did not compromise outcomes in dysplasia with retroversion.

scholarly journals Validation of a Modification to Performance-Tested MethodSM 070601: Reveal® Listeria Test for Detection of Listeria spp. in Selected Foods and Selected Environmental Samples

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Alles ◽  
Linda X Peng ◽  
Mark A Mozola
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Media Formulation ◽  
Independent Laboratory ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Crab Meat ◽  
Time Point

Abstract A modification to Performance-Tested MethodSM (PTM) 070601, Reveal® Listeria Test (Reveal), is described. The modified method uses a new media formulation, LESS enrichment broth, in single-step enrichment protocols for both foods and environmental sponge and swab samples. Food samples are enriched for 2730 h at 30C and environmental samples for 2448 h at 30C. Implementation of these abbreviated enrichment procedures allows test results to be obtained on a next-day basis. In testing of 14 food types in internal comparative studies with inoculated samples, there was a statistically significant difference in performance between the Reveal and reference culture U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA/BAM) or U.S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) methods for only a single food in one trial (pasteurized crab meat) at the 27 h enrichment time point, with more positive results obtained with the FDA/BAM reference method. No foods showed statistically significant differences in method performance at the 30 h time point. Independent laboratory testing of 3 foods again produced a statistically significant difference in results for crab meat at the 27 h time point; otherwise results of the Reveal and reference methods were statistically equivalent. Overall, considering both internal and independent laboratory trials, sensitivity of the Reveal method relative to the reference culture procedures in testing of foods was 85.9 at 27 h and 97.1 at 30 h. Results from 5 environmental surfaces inoculated with various strains of Listeria spp. showed that the Reveal method was more productive than the reference USDA-FSIS culture procedure for 3 surfaces (stainless steel, plastic, and cast iron), whereas results were statistically equivalent to the reference method for the other 2 surfaces (ceramic tile and sealed concrete). An independent laboratory trial with ceramic tile inoculated with L. monocytogenes confirmed the effectiveness of the Reveal method at the 24 h time point. Overall, sensitivity of the Reveal method at 24 h relative to that of the USDA-FSIS method was 153. The Reveal method exhibited extremely high specificity, with only a single false-positive result in all trials combined for overall specificity of 99.5.

National trends in local excision and esophagectomy for cT1N0 esophageal cancer.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 62-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Sturm ◽  
Whitney Zahnd ◽  
John D. Mellinger ◽  
Sabha Ganai
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Local Excision ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Over Time

62 Background: Esophageal cancer management has evolved due to improvements in staging and treatment strategies. Endoscopic local excision presents an attractive option for definitive management of T1 cancers, avoiding the morbidity of esophagectomy. We hypothesized that for cT1N0 cancers, patients who underwent local excision would have lower survival compared to esophagectomy due to potential discordant staging. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) with AJCC T1N0 clinical stage who underwent local excision (n = 1625) or esophagectomy (n = 3255) between 1998 and 2012. Chi-square analysis was used to compare demographic and clinical characteristics by procedure. Chi-square trend analysis was performed to assess trends in procedure type over time. Cox Regression analysis was performed to assess survival by procedure controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: Between 1998 and 2012, the proportion of patients who underwent local excision increased from 12% to 50% for all patients (p < 0.001); from 17% to 40% for SCC patients (p < 0.001); and from 9% to 51% for AC patients (p < 0.001). Surgical procedure varied significantly by demographic, socioeconomic status, facility, and tumor-related factors. 65% of cT1N0 cancers had concordant clinical and pathological staging after esophagectomy, with 11% having positive nodal disease; 44% were concordant after local excision. While no significant difference was seen in unadjusted survival, adjusted Cox Regression analysis indicated worse survival after esophagectomy compared to local excision for all cases (HR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.40-2.00) and for ACs with concordant staging (HR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11-2.14). Conclusions: Local excision for cT1N0 esophageal cancer has increased over time. Staging concordance for esophagectomy is seen in two-thirds of cases. Contrary to our hypothesis, patients undergoing local excision for T1N0 cancers have better overall survival than those undergoing esophagectomy, which may reflect early differences in mortality and/or selection bias. As this study was unable to distinguish T1a from T1b, further analysis is warranted.

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