USDA FSIS, FDA BAM, AOAC, and ISO Culture Methods BD BBL CHROMagar Listeria Media

Abstract BBL CHROMagar Listeria Media (CL) was evaluated for detection of Listeria monocytogenes in raw ground beef, smoked salmon, lettuce, and Brie cheese. The recovery of L. monocytogenes on CL was compared to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), AOAC, and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) reference-plated media using the recommended pre-enrichments and selective enrichments. Of the 265 food samples tested, 140 were tested using BAM, USDA, or AOAC methods and 125 were tested using ISO methods. CL produced comparable results with the reference methods on all matrixes with a sensitivity of 99.3 and a specificity of 100. No false negatives were found in testing the food matrixes. There was no statistical difference in recovery based on Chi-square analysis. Known isolates were evaluated, and CL had a sensitivity and specificity of 100. The results of this study demonstrate that CL is an effective medium for the recovery and detection of L. monocytogenes in raw ground beef, smoked salmon, lettuce, and Brie cheese using FDA BAM, USDA FSIS, AOAC, and ISO culture methods.

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USDA FSIS, FDA BAM, and ISO Culture Methods BD BBL CHROMagar O157 Media

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/92.4.1118 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 1118-1127 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vicki Ritter ◽

Susan Kircher ◽

Nancy Dick

Keyword(s):

Ground Beef ◽

Reference Method ◽

Food Samples ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Chi Square ◽

Apple Cider ◽

E Coli ◽

Inspection Service ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Method Agreement

Abstract BBL CHROMagar O157 media (CO) was evaluated for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw ground beef and unpasteurized apple cider. The recovery of E. coli O157:H7 on CO was compared to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) reference-plated media using the recommended enrichment broths. Of the 180 food samples tested, 45 were tested using BAM, 45 using the USDA method, and 90 using the ISO method. CO produced comparable results with the reference methods on all matrixes with a sensitivity of 100 and a specificity of 100. No false negatives were found in testing the food matrixes. There was no statistical difference in recovery based on Chi-square analysis. Method agreement for raw ground beef was 85 for the USDA FSIS method and 95 for the ISO method. Method agreement for unpasteurized apple cider was 100 for the ISO and FDA BAM methods. In all cases where method agreement was <100, CO detected more positives than the reference method media. Evaluation of known isolates on CO in inclusivity and exclusivity testing had a sensitivity and specificity of 100. The results of this study demonstrate that CO is an effective medium for the recovery and detection of E. coli O157:H7 in raw ground beef and unpasteurized apple cider using FDA BAM, USDA FSIS, and ISO methods.

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Precollaborative Study of the GeneQuence® Salmonella Assay Using 24-Hour Enrichment Protocols for Detection of Salmonella spp. in Select Foods

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/90.3.725 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 725-737 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Susan Alles ◽

Xuan Peng ◽

Michael Wendorf ◽

Mark Mozola

Keyword(s):

Collaborative Study ◽

False Negative ◽

False Negative Rate ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Department Of Agriculture ◽

Chi Square ◽

Salmonella Assay ◽

Inspection Service ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Abstract New enrichment protocols are described for use with a DNA hybridization (DNAH) method for detection of Salmonella spp. in select foods. GeneQuence® Salmonella, in its original version, utilized a 3-stage enrichment of minimum 42 h duration. New 2-stage procedures of 2428 h duration are described for raw poultry, raw beef, pasteurized egg products, milk chocolate, and dry pet food. In the validation study described here, a total of 345 samples were tested by the abbreviated DNAH method in parallel with either the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA/BAM) or U.S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) reference culture procedures. Results showed an overall sensitivity for the DNAH method of 97.1% (false-negative rate 2.9%). There were no false-positive results by the DNAH method; therefore the specificity was 100%. Overall agreement between the DNAH and reference culture methods was 98.5%. There were no significant differences in performance between the DNAH and reference methods for any of the foods tested as determined by Chi-square analysis. It is recommended that the DNAH method be subjected to AOAC collaborative study.

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Addendum: ISO Culture Methods Comparative Testing of BBL CHROMagar Salmonella Prepared Plated Culture Medium

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/92.2.471 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 92 (2) ◽

pp. 471-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vicki Ritter ◽

Nancy Dick

Keyword(s):

Culture Medium ◽

Ground Beef ◽

Reference Method ◽

Food Samples ◽

Culture Methods ◽

False Negatives ◽

Chi Square ◽

Shell Eggs ◽

Raw Fish ◽

Method Agreement

Abstract BBL CHROMagar Salmonella (CS) was evaluated for the detection of Salmonella species compared to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 6579:2002 reference method media. Raw chicken, raw ground beef, raw fish, lettuce, and shell eggs were evaluated by an independent laboratory. Raw chicken was found to be naturally contaminated with Salmonella; all other matrixes were seeded with Salmonella at a low level. Four Salmonella serovars were used for seeding the food matrixes. A total of 120 food samples were analyzed. The detection and isolation of Salmonella on CS was compared to the ISO culture methods reference media, using the recommended pre-enrichments and selective enrichments. BBL CS produced results comparable to those of the reference methods on all matrixes, resulting in a method agreement of 100 based on the Chi-square results. Known isolates were tested and had a sensitivity of 96.8 and specificity of 94. No false negatives were found in testing the food matrixes. The results of this study demonstrate that BBL CS is an effective medium for the recovery and detection of Salmonella in raw chicken, raw ground beef, raw fish, lettuce, and shell eggs using ISO method 6579.

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Roka Listeria Detection Method Using Transcription Mediated Amplification to Detect Listeria Species in Select Foods and Surfaces

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.5740/jaoacint.12-063 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 95 (6) ◽

pp. 1672-1688 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hua Yang ◽

Shannon Kaplan ◽

Michael Reshatoff ◽

Ernie Hu ◽

Alexis Zukowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Probability Of Detection ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Department Of Agriculture ◽

Detection Analysis ◽

Reference Methods ◽

Smoked Salmon ◽

Environmental Surfaces ◽

Detection Assay ◽

Inspection Service ◽

The U.S

Abstract The Roka Listeria Detection Assay was compared to the reference culture methods for nine select foods and three select surfaces. The Roka method used Half-Fraser Broth for enrichment at 35 ± 2°C for 24–28 h. Comparison of Roka's method to reference methods requires an unpaired approach. Each method had a total of 545 samples inoculated with a Listeria strain. Each food and surface was inoculated with a different strain of Listeria at two different levels per method. For the dairy products (Brie cheese, whole milk, and ice cream), our method was compared to AOAC Official MethodSM993.12. For the ready-to-eat meats (deli chicken, cured ham, chicken salad, and hot dogs) and environmental surfaces (sealed concrete, stainless steel, and plastic), these samples were compared to the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Service-Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook (USDA/FSIS-MLG) method MLG 8.07. Cold-smoked salmon and romaine lettuce were compared to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration/Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Chapter 10 (FDA/BAM) method. Roka's method had 358 positives out of 545 total inoculated samples compared to 332 positive for the reference methods. Overall the probability of detection analysis of the results showed better or equivalent performance compared to the reference methods.

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Evaluation of the Assurance GDS™ for E. coli O157:H7 Method and Assurance GDS for Shigatoxin Genes Method in Selected Foods: Collaborative Study

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/88.5.1334 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 88 (5) ◽

pp. 1334-1348 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Philip T Feldsine ◽

Shannon T Green ◽

Andrew H Lienau ◽

James Stephens ◽

Markus T Jucker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orange Juice ◽

Collaborative Study ◽

Ground Beef ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Chi Square ◽

E Coli ◽

Reference Methods ◽

Uninoculated Control ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Better Than

Abstract A multilaboratory collaborative study was conducted to compare the Assurance GDS™ for E. coli O157:H7 method and the reference culture methods for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in orange juice, raw ground beef, and fresh lettuce. A separate companion assay, the Assurance GDS for Shigatoxin Genes method was also evaluated with the same test portions. Fifteen laboratories participated in the study. A Chi square analysis of each of the 3 food types at the high, low, and uninoculated control levels was performed. For all foods, the Assurance GDS for E. coli O157:H7 method and the Assurance GDS for Shigatoxin Genes method were equivalent to or better than the reference methods.

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VIDAS® Listeria species Xpress (LSX)

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.5740/jaoacint.govval04 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 242-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ronald Johnson ◽

John Mills

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Reference Method ◽

Culture Method ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Chi Square ◽

Listeria Species ◽

Standard Culture ◽

Inspection Service ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Positive Results

Abstract The AOAC GovVal study compared the VIDAS®Listeria species Xpress (LSX) to the Health Products and Food Branch MFHPB-30 reference method for detection of Listeria on stainless steel. The LSX method utilizes a novel and proprietary enrichment media, Listeria Xpress broth, enabling detection of Listeria species in environmental samples with the automated VIDAS in a minimum of 26 h. The LSX method also includes the use of the chromogenic media, chromID™ Ottaviani Agosti Agar (OAA) and chromID™ Lmono for confirmation of LSX presumptive results. In previous AOAC validation studies comparing VIDAS LSX to the U. S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA-BAM) and the U. S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) reference methods, the LSX method was approved as AOAC Official Method2010.02 for the detection of Listeria species in dairy products, vegetables, seafood, raw meats and poultry, and processed meats and poultry, and as AOAC Performance Tested Method 100501 in a variety of foods and on environmental surfaces. The GovVal comparative study included 20 replicate test portions each at two contamination levels for stainless steel where fractionally positive results (5–15 positive results/20 replicate portions tested) were obtained by at least one method at one level. Five uncontaminated controls were included. In the stainless steel artificially contaminated surface study, there were 25 confirmed positives by the VIDAS LSX assay and 22 confirmed positives by the standard culture methods. Chi-square analysis indicated no statistical differences between the VIDAS LSX method and the MFHPB-30 standard methods at the 5% level of significance. Confirmation of presumptive LSX results with the chromogenic OAA and Lmono media was shown to be equivalent to the appropriate reference method agars. The data in this study demonstrate that the VIDAS LSX method is an acceptable alternative method to the MFHPB-30 standard culture method for the detection of Listeria species on stainless steel.

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USDA FSIS and FDA BAM Culture Methods BBL CHROMagar Salmonella Prepared Plated and Difco Dehydrated Culture Media

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/92.2.459 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 92 (2) ◽

pp. 459-470 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vicki Ritter ◽

Nancy Dick

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

False Positive Rate ◽

Ground Beef ◽

Reference Method ◽

Chi Square ◽

Shell Eggs ◽

Reference Methods ◽

Raw Fish ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

The U.S

Abstract BBL and Difco CHROMagar Salmonella (CS) was evaluated internally and externally for the recovery of Salmonella in raw chicken, raw ground beef, raw fish, lettuce, and shell eggs. The raw chicken and ground beef were processed according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service reference methods. The raw fish, lettuce, and shell eggs were processed according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bacteriological Analytical Manual procedures. Only raw chicken was found to be naturally contaminated with Salmonella; all other matrixeswere seededwith an appropriate dilution of organism to achieve fractionally positive results. Salmonella strains were permitted to equilibrate with the culture-negative matrixes for 48 h at 4C. Twenty 25 g samples of each food matrix plus 5 uninoculated samples were processed. CS prepared plates (CS PPM) and laboratory prepared plates from dehydrated culture media (CS DCM) were evaluated with the reference method media. A total of 16 positive cultures were obtained from the raw chicken samples, 17 in the raw ground beef, 18 in the raw fish and lettuce, and 11 in the shell eggs. A Chi-square analysis was performed on each of the food matrixes. BBL CS produced comparable results with the reference methods on all matrixes, resulting in a method agreement of 100 based on the Chi-square results. In testing known isolates the sensitivity and specificity was determined to be 94. Specificity improved to 98 when tetrathionate broth enrichment was used. A negative- and false-positive rate of 6 was found with known isolates. No false negatives were found in testing the food matrixes. The performance of the CS prepared plate and laboratory prepared plate was identical.

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Qualitative Map of Salmonella Contamination on Young Chicken Carcasses†

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-73.9.1596 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 73 (9) ◽

pp. 1596-1603 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

T. P. OSCAR ◽

G. K. RUTTO ◽

J. B. LUDWIG ◽

S. PARVEEN

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Chi Square ◽

Conventional Culture ◽

Chicken Carcass ◽

Young Chicken ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Salmonella contamination of poultry is a global public health problem. The objective of this study was to map the distribution of Salmonella on the young chicken carcass, to improve poultry inspection and food safety. Young chickens (n = 70) in the Cornish game hen class were obtained at retail over a 3-year period. Carcasses were aseptically sectioned into 12 parts, and then Salmonella was isolated from whole-part incubations by conventional culture methods. Isolates were characterized for serotype and antibiotic resistance, and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Salmonella incidence was 21.5% (181 of 840) for parts and 57.1% (40 of 70) for carcasses. The number of contaminated parts per carcass ranged from 0 to 12, with a mean of 4.5 among contaminated carcasses. Chi-square analysis indicated that Salmonella incidence differed (P < 0.05) among parts, with rib back (38.6%) and sacral back (34.3%) being the most contaminated. Among the 40 contaminated carcasses, there were 37 different patterns of contamination among parts. Of the 33 carcasses with more than one contaminated part, 12.1% contained two serotypes, 33.3% contained two or more antibiotic resistance profiles, and 100% contained two or more PFGE patterns. The most common serotype was Typhimurium (94.5%), and most (97.2%) isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. These results indicated a diverse pattern of Salmonella contamination among carcasses and that multiple subtypes of Salmonella were often present on contaminated carcasses. Thus, whole-carcass incubation succeeded by characterization of multiple isolates per carcass is needed to properly assess and manage this risk to public health.

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Detex for Detection of Escherichia coli O157 in Raw Ground Beef and Raw Ground Poultry

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/84.3.752 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 752-760 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yvette M Henry ◽

Nandini Natrajan ◽

Wendy F Lauer

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

False Positive Rate ◽

Ground Beef ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Department Of Agriculture ◽

E Coli ◽

Metal Plating ◽

Positive Rate ◽

Meat Samples ◽

Inspection Service

Abstract A method for detection of Escherichia coli O157 in beef and poultry is presented. The method is antibody-based and uses a patented antibody-specific metal-plating procedure for the detection of E. coli O157 in enriched meat samples. Both raw ground beef and raw ground poultry were tested as matrixes for the organism. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 98 and 90%, respectively. The accuracy of the assay was 96%. Overall, the method agreement between the E. coli O157 Detex assay and the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Food Safety Inspection Service method was 96%. Sample temperature upon loading of the apparatus was critical to the observed false-positive rate of the system.

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Evaluation of the BAX® System for Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Foods: Collaborative Study

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/87.2.395 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. 395-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Karen Silbernagel ◽

Robert Jechorek ◽

W Mark Barbour ◽

Peter Mrozinski ◽

W Alejo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Collaborative Study ◽

Food Type ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cultural Methods ◽

Smoked Salmon ◽

Soft Cheese ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Type 3 ◽

Better Than

Abstract A multilaboratory study was conducted to compare the automated BAX® system and the standard cultural methods for detection of Listeria monocytogenes in foods. Six food types (frankfurters, soft cheese, smoked salmon, raw, ground beef, fresh radishes, and frozen peas) were analyzed by each method. For each food type, 3 inoculation levels were tested: high (average of 2 CFU/g), low (average of 0.2 CFU/g) and uninoculated controls. A total of 25 laboratories representing government and industry participated. Of the 2335 samples analyzed, 1109 were positive by the BAX system and 1115 were positive by the standard method. A Chi square analysis of each of the 6 food types, at the 3 inoculation levels tested, was performed. For all foods, except radishes, the BAX system performed as well as or better than the standard reference methods based on the Chi square results.

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