scholarly journals PSXII-3 Rumen microbiome from beef steers undergoing grain adaptation with steam-flaked corn varying in bulk density

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 446-447
Author(s):  
Kaue Tonelli Nardi ◽  
Kaliu G Scaranto Silva ◽  
Igor Gomes Favero ◽  
Jordan K Hinds ◽  
Carly A Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Microbiome Data ◽  
Adaptation Phase

Abstract The effects of steam-flaked corn bulk density during grain adaptation phase on ruminal microbiome were evaluated. Crossbred-Angus ruminally cannulated steers (n = 6; BW = 405 ± 42 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete block design (block = body weight) to 1 of 2 grain adaptation strategies: 1) steam-flaked corn (SFC) bulk density of 335 g/L; and 2) 412 g/L. Steers were ad libitum fed, individually, during 6-7d phases, consisting of: HAY, followed by the STEP-UP1 through STEP-UP4, diets, respectively, in which roughage was gradually replaced with grain until FINISHER diet was fed. Respective SFC bulk densities were fed throughout STEP-UP diets, while the FINISHER diet consisted of 335 g/L strategy only for both groups. Ruminal fluid samples (100 mL) were collected on d-5 of each step, at 6h post-feeding for DNA extraction. Microbiome data were sequenced by Illumnia® NovaSeq™ 6000 (16S rRNA). The SFC bulk density did not affect (P > 0.50) the relative abundance (RA) for any taxonomy classification. Regardless of SFC bulk density, inclusion of grain throughout adaptation phases affected domain (P ≤ 0.03) when initial phases were compared to FINISHER. Phylum RA were affected (P ≤ 0.05) for Actinobacteria (27%), Bacteroidetes (11%), and Euryarchaeota (2%). Within Class RA were affected (P ≤ 0.04) for Clostridia (46%), Actinobacteria (27%), and Bacilli (5%). Order effects on RA were observed (P ≤ 0.04) for Clostridiales (45%), Coriobacteriales (25%), and Lactobacillales (4%). Within Family RA was affected (P ≤ 0.03) for Coriobacteriaceae (25%), Lachnospiraceae (27%), Ruminococcaceae (6%), and Lactobacillaceae (4%), while a tendency (P = 0.09) was observed for Veillonellaceae (1%). In Genus, RA was affected (P ≤ 0.01) for Olsenela (22%), Pediococcus (3%), and Butyrivibrio (3%). As steers advance through subsequent grain adaptation phases until the FINISHER, more meaningful ruminal microbiome changes are observed than SFC density change.

scholarly journals PSII-31 Manipulation of steam-flaked corn bulk density during grain adaptation phase of beef steers: ruminal fermentation characteristics and feeding behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 216-216
Author(s):  
Carly A Hoffmann ◽  
Darren D Henry
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ph Probes ◽  
Adaptation Phase

Abstract The effects of steam-flaked corn bulk density (SFC-BD) during grain adaptation phase on ruminal fermentation characteristics and feeding behavior were evaluated. Six crossbred ruminally-cannulated Angus beef steers (BW = 404 ± 42 kg; experimental units) were used in a randomized complete block design (block = BW). Steers were assigned to adaptation strategy grain-treatment: a) SFC-BD of 335g/L (335); or b) 412g/L (412). Steers were fed ad-libitum during six 7d phases consisting of: HAY; step-up (1, 2, 3, and 4); and a common 335 SFC-BD FINISHER diet. Respective SFC-BD treatments were fed throughout step-up diets. Ruminal pH was continuously measured (wireless pH probes), and ruminal fluid collected for further analyses. A continuous observation (24h) was used for feeding behavior. Data were analyzed using GLIMMIX procedures of SAS. SFC-BD did not affect (P ≥ 0.19) measured variables, except for increasing NDF (P < 0.01) and tending to increase (P = 0.09) ADF digestibility for 412 steers during step-up 2 and 3. Steers fed 412 had greater (P ≤ 0.05) DMI during step-up 3 and 4 compared to FINISHER. Greater (P ≤ 0.01) digestible DMI during step-up 4 and FINISHER were observed compared to other phases. Digestible NDF/ADF intakes were greatest (P ≤ 0.05) during HAY-phase. Digestibility of DM was lowest (P ≤ 0.05) during HAY-phase. Steers ruminated more (P ≤ 0.05) during HAY-phase than FINISHER. Chewing was greatest (P ≤ 0.05) for HAY and intermediate for Step-up 1. Ruminal C2:C3 decreased (P < 0.01) as steers advanced through phases. Ruminal ammonia-N was greatest (P < 0.01) for step-up 1 and 2, and intermediate for other phases. The SFC-BD range studied seemed to not dramatically affect ruminal fermentation characteristics and feeding behavior. The most critical moment evidenced was between HAY and the receiving diet, as well as, when 412 g/L was suddenly switched to 335 g/L.

scholarly journals PSVI-4 Effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on beef cattle fed growing diets: Ruminal microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 425-426
Author(s):  
Kaliu G Scaranto Silva ◽  
Igor Gomes Favero ◽  
Kaue Tonelli Nardi ◽  
Lucas Barbosa Kondratovich ◽  
Carly A Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Microbiome Data

Abstract The effect of pre-treatment with fibrolytic enzymes [cellulase/xylanase (Trichoderma ressie)] of growing diets (high quality and low-quality) on ruminal microbiome relative abundance (RA) were evaluated. Ruminally cannulated beef steers (n = 5; BW = 520 ± 30 kg) were used in a 5×4 unbalanced Latin square design using a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments: (a) growing diet quality [high (HQ) and low (LQ)] and (b) enzyme inclusion (0 or 0.75 mL/kg of diet DM). Steers were individually fed ad libitum throughout four 21-d periods consisting of 14-d of adaptation and 7-d of collections. Ruminal fluid samples (100 mL) were collected on d-5 of each collection-period, at 6 h post feeding for DNA extraction and determination of microbial RA. Microbiome data were sequenced by Illumnia® NovaSeq™ 6000 (16S rRNA). Regardless of enzyme×diet quality interaction (P ≥ 0.11) or pre-treatment with enzyme (P ≥ 0.12), Domain RA was affected (P ≤ 0.04), in which LQ diets increased RA of Bacteria (93.25 vs. 86.80%) and decreased Archaea (6.75 vs. 13.20%). In Phylum, LQ diets decreased RA (P ≤ 0.04) of Euryarchaeota (6.75 vs. 13.21%), and increased Bacteroidetes (11.22 vs. 2.26%). Within Class, LQ diets decreased RA (P ≤ 0.04) of Clostridia (38.66 vs. 51.40%), Methanobacteria (6.75 vs. 13.21%), and increased Bacteroidia (10.62 and 1.47%). Within Order LQ diets, decreased RA (P ≤ 0.04) of Clostridiales (38.47 vs. 51.29%), Methanobacteriales (6.75 vs. 13.21%), and increased Bacteroidales (10.62 vs. 1.47%). In Family, LQ diets showed decreased RA (P ≤ 0.04) of Methanobacteriaceae (6.75 vs. 13.21%), Ruminococcaceae (6.71 vs. 2.18%), and increased Prevotellaceae (9.83 vs. 1.17%). In Genus, LQ diets showed increased RA (P ≤ 0.03) of Prevotella (9.61 vs. 1.10%). The dietary pre-treatment with fibrolytic enzymes seems to not dramatically affect RA of ruminal microbiome, while growing diet quality greatly influenced ruminal microbiome RA.

scholarly journals PSII-9 Drylot weaned calves at dry-to-rainy transition and rainy season and their effects on the growing phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 401-402
Author(s):  
Felipe A Nascimento ◽  
Laura F Prados ◽  
Luciana M Sousa ◽  
Ivanna M Oliveira ◽  
Flávio D Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Energy Supplement ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Energy Supplementation

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the best nutritional strategy for weaned calves at dry-to-rainy transition and rainy season and their effects on the growing phase. One hundred sixteen Nellore weaned males (initial BW of 173±23 kg; 10 months) were used in a randomized complete block design (blocked by BW) in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments (divided in 12 lots with 9 or 10 animals/lot). Factor 1 was the strategy in the dry-to-rainy season transition (period I; pasture vs. drylot) and factor 2 was the strategy for the rainy season [period II; mineral salt ad libitum (MS) vs. supplement 3 g/kg BW]; consisting of four treatments: pasture in period I and MS in period II; pasture in period I and protein-energy supplement in period II (PEII); drylot in period I and mineral salt in period II; drylot in period I and PEII. At period I, all animals received a protein-energy supplementation (5 g/kg BW). The experiment lasted 244 days. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS. In period I, animals from drylot had highest final BW and ADG (P < 0.01; Table 1). There was no interaction among factors (P ≥ 0.772) in period II. In period II, ADG and carcass gain were highest from pasture animals (P < 0.01). Final BW and HCW were similar (P >0.788) at the end of period II, showing that animals recovery BW. Among strategies at rainy season, animals fed PEII had greater final BW and ADG (P < 0.01). Overall growing phase, HCW and carcass gain were greater for animals fed PEII (P < 0.01). Regardless of the strategy used in the dry-to-rainy season transition, animals were able to equalize final BW at the end of growing phase. In addition, protein-energy supplement at rainy season improves animal performance at the end of growing phase.

scholarly journals Effect of energy source and level, animal age, and sex on the flavor profile of sheep meat12

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1140-1147
Author(s):  
Jerad R Jaborek ◽  
Henry N Zerby ◽  
Macdonald P Wick ◽  
Francis L Fluharty ◽  
Steven J Moeller
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Flavor Intensity ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Eating Experience ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
High Forage

Abstract The effects of dietary energy source, energy level, sheep age, and sheep sex on flavor and off-flavor intensity were evaluated. Consumer panelists, with previous lamb-eating experience, assessed lamb flavor and off-flavor intensity on a 100-point, end-anchored scale (0 = very mild to 100 = very intense), with off-flavor being defined as anything different than lamb flavor. Lamb longissimus thoracis (LT) and whole, boneless ground shoulder (GS) formed into patties were evaluated. Trial 1 was a randomized complete block design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Sheep age (ewe lambs, yearling ewes, and mature ewes; n = 16/age) and ad libitum access to diets [alfalfa pellets (AP) or whole-shelled corn (WSC100)] were treatments. The LT from mature ewes had a greater (P ≤ 0.02) off-flavor intensity when compared with yearling ewes and ewe lambs. Ground shoulder from sheep raised on AP had a greater lamb flavor (P ≤ 0.04) and off-flavor (P ≤ 0.04) intensity than GS from sheep consuming WSC100. Trial 2 was a randomized complete block design with a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Three dietary treatments [AP, WSC100, and restricted intake of whole-shelled corn to 85% of ad libitum (WSC85)], lamb sex (ewes and wethers; n = 48/sex), and lamb age [short fed, 177 ± 16.6 d of age and 93 ± 20.5 d on feed (DOF); long fed, 294 ± 7.0 d of age and 219 ± 3.8 DOF]. Flavor intensity of the LT was greater (P ≤ 0.05) from lambs offered AP when compared with lambs offered WSC85, whereas lamb flavor of the LT from lambs fed WSC100 was intermediate and not different from the lamb flavor of the LT of lambs fed AP or WSC85. The LT of long-fed lambs had a greater (P ≤ 0.01) lamb flavor and off-flavor intensity when compared with short-fed lambs. Lambs offered AP resulted in a GS with greater lamb flavor intensity (P ≤ 0.01) when compared with lambs offered WSC85 and WSC100, with no diet influence on GS off-flavor intensity. Long-fed lambs produced GS with a greater lamb flavor (P ≤ 0.01) and off-flavor (P ≤ 0.01) intensity when compared with GS from short-fed lambs. Results from the two trials indicate lamb flavor and off-flavor intensity were greater from sheep offered a high-forage (AP) diet when compared with a high-concentrate (WSC) diet. Lamb flavor intensity increased as age of the sheep at harvest increased, suggesting dietary management and associated age-related effects at harvest will influence consumer perception of lamb flavor.

scholarly journals Increasing hay inclusion in silage-based receiving diets and its effects on performance and energy utilization in newly weaned beef steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 848-853
Author(s):  
Dathan T Smerchek ◽  
Elizabeth M Buckhaus ◽  
Katie D Miller ◽  
Zachary K Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Red Angus

Abstract The influence of grass hay (GH) inclusion in replacement of corn silage in receiving diets on growth performance and dietary net energy (NE) utilization was evaluated in newly weaned beef steers (n = 162 Charolais-Red Angus cross steers; initial body weight [BW] = 278 ± 13.4 kg). Treatments were (DM basis): 1) 0% GH, 2) 10% GH, or 3) 20% GH inclusion in replacement of corn silage in receiving diets fed to newly weaned beef steers for 56 d. The study was conducted from October to December of 2019. Data were analyzed as randomized complete block design with pen serving as the experimental unit for all analyses. Increasing dietary inclusion of hay had no influence (P ≥ 0.11) on final BW, ADG, gain:feed or observed/expected dietary NEM and NEG, observed/expected dry matter intake (DMI), or observed/expected ADG. GH inclusion increased (linear effect, P = 0.01) DMI. Observed DMI for all treatments was approximately 15% to 17% less than anticipated based upon steer growth performance and tabular NE values. Evaluation of observed/expected ADG was 31% to 37% greater than expected for the steers in the present study. Particles less than 4 mm increased (linear effect, P = 0.01) and greater than 4 mm decreased (linear effect, P = 0.01) as GH replaced corn silage in the receiving diet. As the proportion of particles greater than 4 mm increased, cumulative ADG was decreased. These data indicate that GH should be considered in corn silage-based receiving diets to improve DMI. In high-risk calves, improved DMI could result in a lesser incidence of morbidity, although no morbidity was observed in any steers from the present study.

scholarly journals 450 Late-Breaking: Effects of bedding on feedlot receiving phase growth performance in beef steers during the winter in eastern South Dakota

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 141-142
Author(s):  
Dathan Smerchek ◽  
Zachary K Smith
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Phase Growth ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Two-hundred and forty English × Continental beef steers (initial BW=365 kg [SD 22.5]) were used in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effects of bedding application during a 36 d feedlot receiving phase on growth performance and efficiency during winter. Steers were allotted to 30 pens (n = 8 steers/pen) at the Ruminant Nutrition Center in Brookings, SD and pens were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) No bedding applied (NO) or 2) 1.8 kg (as-is basis) of wheat straw bedding/steer/d (BED). Due to the logistics of acquiring, weighing, and timely feeding of steers, the first 9 pen replicates began on test 14 d prior (begin: January 15, 2019 and end: February 20, 2019) to the last 6 pen replicates (begin: January 29, 2019 and end: March 6, 2019). Pen was the experimental unit; an α of 0.05 determined significance. Daily ambient temperature (n = 50) averaged -14.7°C [SD 5.63] and wind-chill (n = 50) averaged -17.7°C [SD 6.40]. Initial BW (365 vs. 365 ± 0.5 kg) and dry matter intake (8.19 vs. 8.22 ± 0.047 kg) did not differ (P ≥ 0.57) between NO and BED. End BW was greater for BED (P = 0.01; 419 vs. 402 ± 1.09 kg) compared to NO. Steers from BED had increased average daily gain (P = 0.01) by 48.0% and gain:feed (P = 0.01) by 49.2% over NO. Using tabular ingredient energy values and observed steer performance shrunk 4%, relative adjustments to metabolic rate were calculated. Estimated metabolic rate was elevated (P = 0.01) for NO (0.146 vs. 0.104 ± 0.0032 Mcal/BW0.75, kg). Bedding improves feedlot receiving phase growth and efficiency in eastern South Dakota during the winter. Under the environmental conditions of this experiment, steers have a 40.4% increased metabolic rate when bedding is not used and steers in bedded pens had a 35.1% increase in metabolic rate compared to (0.077 Mcal/BW0.75, kg).

scholarly journals 294 Effects of bedding application on growth performance and carcass traits in finishing beef steers during the winter and spring in eastern South Dakota

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 143-143
Author(s):  
Dathan Smerchek ◽  
Zachary K Smith
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Phase Growth ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract Two-hundred and forty Continental × English beef steers (allotment BW = 365 kg [SD 22.5]) were used in a randomized complete block design feedlot study to evaluate the effects of bedding application during the finishing phase. Steers were allotted to 30 concrete surface pens (n = 8 steers/pen) at the Ruminant Nutrition Center (RNC) in Brookings, SD. A common diet was fed that contained 2.09 Mcal/kg of NEm and 1.39 Mcal/kg of NEg and provided 30 g/ton of monensin sodium to diet DM. Pens were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) No bedding applied (NO) or 2) 1.8 kg (as-is basis) of wheat straw bedding/steer/d (BED). The first 9 pen replicates began on test 14 d prior to the last 6 pen replicates. Pen was the experimental unit; an α of 0.05 determined significance. This study was part of a factorial experiment that included steroidal implant. No interactions were detected (P ≥ 0.09). Daily ambient temperature (n = 183) averaged 4.33°C [SD 3.21] during the study. Dry matter intake was increased (P = 0.01) by 5.8% in BED compared to NO. Carcass-adjusted ADG (P = 0.01) and G:F (P = 0.01) were increased in BED by 21.0% and 14.4%, respectively. Carcass-adjusted final BW and HCW tended to differ (P ≤ 0.07) between NO and BED. Cattle from NO required an additional 35 days to achieve similar final live BW. Rib eye area (P = 0.69) did not differ between NO and BED. Dressing percentage (P = 0.01; 63.29 vs. 62.30 ± 0.410%), backfat (P = 0.01; 1.19 vs. 1.09 ± 0.410 cm), marbling (P = 0.01; 475 vs. 437 ± 6.6), and yield grade (P = 0.03; 2.95 vs. 2.81 ± 0.045) were increased in NO. Estimated metabolic rate was elevated (P = 0.02; 0.0995 vs. 0.0948 ± 0.013 Mcal/BW0.75, kg), for NO vs. BED. Bedding improved feedlot finishing phase growth performance and gain efficiency during finishing in eastern South Dakota.

scholarly journals PSVI-18 Effects of rumen-protected lysine on performance and plasma amino acid metabolism in early lactation Holstein cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Carney ◽  
Phil Cardoso ◽  
Perry Doane
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Experimental Phase ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Adaptation Phase

Abstract The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected lysine (RPL) supplementation on performance and plasma amino acids in Holstein cows. A total of 40, primi- and multiparous Holstein cows (DIM 49 ± 13) were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments in a randomized complete block design consisting of 20 blocks. Total length of the experiment was 49 d. From d1 to d7 cows were not fed RPL (adaptation phase; covariate) and from d8 to d49 (experimental phase) cows received the treatments that were top-dressed. Treatments were as follow: cows fed a basal TMR + 300 g of dried ground molasses (CON); and basal TMR + RPL (NPL; ADM, Decatur, IL) at 0.41% of the TMR DM. Blood samples were taken from the coccygeal vein or artery, on d 7, 14, 28, 42, 45, and 49 of each period from each cow. Statistical analysis was performed using the MIXED procedure in SAS (v9.4). There was no difference for DMI in cows in CON and NPL (P > 0.21). Cows in NPL had a tendency for lower BCS (3.22 ± 0.04) than CON (3.32 ± 0.03) (P = 0.06). There were no treatment differences for BW (P = 0.30) and milk protein [CON (2.94 % ± 0.04) and NPL (2.93 % ± 0.05) (P = 0.85)]. Cows in CON (64.35µM/L ± 2.06) had lower (P = 0.03) Lys plasma concentration then NPL (71.14 µM/L ± 2.11). Cows in CON (64.52 µM/L ± 1.35) had tendency for lower (P = 0.08) Arg concentration than NPL (67.98 µM/L ± 1.38). In conclusion, NPL did not improve nor decreased DMI, milk yield and components; but increased plasma Lys and Arg, concentrations in early lactation Holstein cows.

scholarly journals Effects of physical activity and feed and water restriction at reimplanting time on feed intake patterns, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of finishing beef steers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
C L Helmuth ◽  
D R Woerner ◽  
M A Ballou ◽  
J L Manahan ◽  
C M Coppin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract In the feedlot, there can be a decrease in dry matter intake (DMI) associated with reimplanting cattle that negatively affects growth performance. This study was conducted to determine the mechanisms causing a decrease in DMI after reimplanting and identify a strategy to mitigate the decrease. Crossbred steers [n = 200; 10 pens/treatment; initial bodyweight (BW) = 386 ± 4.9 kg] were used in a randomized complete block design experiment. Cattle were implanted with Revalor-IS on day 0. Treatments included a Revalor-200 implant on day 90 before feeding with the following management practices imposed: 1) steers were returned to their home pen immediately after reimplant (PCON); 2) steers were placed in pens and restricted from feed and water for 4 hours (RES); 3) steers were walked an additional 805 m after reimplant and then returned home (LOC); 4) steers were restricted from feed and water for 4 hours and walked an additional 805 m (RES+LOC); 5) steers were given an oral bolus of Megasphaera elsdenii (Lactipro; MS Biotec, Wamego, KS) and were restricted from feed and water for 4 hours, then walked an additional 805 m (LACT). One-hundred steers were given an ear tag to record minutes of activity (ESense Flex Tags, Allflex Livestock Intelligence, Madison, WI). As a percentage of BW, DMI was 5% greater (P = 0.01) from reimplant to end for PCON vs. RES, LOC, and RES+LOC treatments. Likewise, as a percentage of BW, DMI was 6.6% greater (P = 0.03) from reimplant to end and 4.0% greater (P = 0.05) overall for the PCON treatment vs. the LOC treatment. Overall, DMI as a percentage of BW, was 3.3% greater (P = 0.02) for PCON vs. RES, LOC, and RES+LOC treatments. There was an increase in G:F from reimplant to end (P = 0.05) for RES+LOC vs. the LACT treatment. From these data, we conclude that restricting cattle from feed and water for 4 hours after reimplanting did not alter subsequent DMI. Increasing locomotion had the greatest negative effect on DMI and growth performance. Management strategies to decrease locomotion associated with reimplanting would be beneficial to DMI and overall growth performance of finishing beef steers.

137 Evaluation of Narasin Inclusion Level on the Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Growing-finishing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 69-70
Author(s):  
Christopher L Puls ◽  
Roger Arentson ◽  
Beau A Peterson ◽  
Gustavo Silva ◽  
Brandon Knopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Two studies were conducted to evaluate narasin inclusion level on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. The studies were carried out using a randomized complete block design with three narasin levels: 0 vs. 15 vs. 20 mg/kg. Study 1 (2,232 pigs) was carried out over a fixed time of 85 days from 33.4 ± 1.7 kg to 117.0 ± 2.6 kg. Study 2 (1,125 pigs) was carried out over a fixed time of 113 days from 28.0 ± 2.2 kg to 124.4 ± 6.0 kg. All pigs were fed diets that met or exceeded nutrient recommendations of growing-finishing pigs (NRC, 2012). Pigs were offered ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the study and weighed on day 0, 28, 56, and 84. Feed additions and feed remaining in the feeder at the time of pig weighing was recorded. Due to disruptions at the slaughter facility, carcass data were not collected on Study 1. For Study 2, pigs were sent for slaughter over five weeks, with the heaviest 20% of each pen being sent for slaughter each week. At slaughter, hot carcass weight was collected. Compared to controls, feeding 15 mg/kg narasin increased (P < 0.05) final body weight (1.2 kg and 1.4 kg for Study 1 and 2, respectively), increased (P < 0.05) hot carcass weight (1.3 kg), and tended (P = 0.07) to improve carcass yield (0.3 percentage units). Feeding 20 mg/kg narasin increased (P < 0.05) overall G:F compared to controls (1.5% and 1.9% for Study 1 and 2, respectively). There were limited differences between the 15 and 20 mg/kg narasin levels. The results of this study confirm improvements in growth performance and carcass characteristics from feeding narasin to growing-finishing pigs. The outcomes of feeding 20 mg/kg narasin were unexpected and warrant further research.

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