245 Prenatal Transportation Stress Does Not Impact Ovarian Follicle Count in Brahman Offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 126-126
Author(s):  
Lacey Quail ◽  
Ron D Randel ◽  
Thomas H Welsh ◽  
Rui d’Orey Branco ◽  
Don A Neuendorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Transportation Stress ◽  
Follicular Reserve ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Abstract Calves from transported dams had greater concentrations of plasma cortisol when restrained and cleared plasma cortisol at a slower rate than calves from non-transported dams. Considering this hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis effect, investigation of other parameters influencing reproduction is warranted in offspring exposed to prenatal transportation stress. The purpose was to determine impact of prenatal transportation stress on offspring ovarian follicle count. Brahman cows were transported for 2 h on d 60, 80, 120, and 140 (± 5 d) of gestation. Offspring from transported (Stressed, n = 19) or non-transported (Control, n = 15) dams were slaughtered at 5 yr (Replication 1, n = 14) or ovariectomized at 8 yr (Replication 2, n = 20). A cross-section of ovary was collected, serially sectioned, and stained. Numbers of total, primordial, primary, secondary, and antral follicles were determined per section. Total ovarian follicle count for each stage was calculated using ovary dimensions. The MIXED procedure of SAS was used to analyze ovarian follicle count with treatment, replicate, and the interaction as fixed effects. Total ovarian follicle count decreased with age (P < 0.01; R1 = 383,663, R2 = 154,560); however, there was no difference in total ovarian follicle count between offspring due to treatment (P = 0.17; S = 221,813, C = 316,409). Similarly, there was no difference in primordial (P = 0.22; S = 127,300, C = 188,304), primary (P = 0.28; S = 58,610, C = 77,237), or antral (P = 0.48; S = 23,202, C = 28,695) follicle count between offspring due to treatment. Fewer secondary follicles were observed in Stressed offspring compared to Control offspring (P = 0.03). These results suggest that the ovarian follicular reserve, AFC, and potential fertility of cows may not be impacted by exposure to prenatal transportation stress. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

scholarly journals Use of the Dexamethasone-Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone Test to Assess Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman A. Hasan ◽  
David S. Jessop ◽  
Lynsey L. Power ◽  
Paul T. Monk ◽  
John R. Kirwan
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Noninvasive Technique ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Objectives. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis function may be abnormal in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A pilot study in 7 patients suggested impaired glucocorticoid feedback in some patients after the dexamethasone-corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) test. This study aimed to investigate the dexamethasone-corticotrophin releasing factor test in a larger group of patients and relate the results to characteristics of the disease.Methods. Outpatients with active RA (≥3 swollen and tender joints and C-reactive protein > 10 mg/L) took dexamethasone (1.5 mg) at 23:00 hour in the evening. Next day, baseline saliva and plasma samples were collected, CRH was infused at 11:00 hour, and 4 serial blood and saliva samples were collected. Plasma samples were stored at−80∘Cand a radioimmunoassay performed for saliva and plasma cortisol.Results. All 20 participants showed normal dexamethasone suppression and mounted no response to the CRH challenge. In samples with measurable cortisol, there was a strong correlation between saliva and plasma values (r= 0.876,n= 26,P<.01).Conclusion. No abnormalities were found in the Dexamethasone-CRH test in RA patients in contrast to a previous pilot study. Salivary cortisol measurement may offer an alternative noninvasive technique to plasma cortisol in RA patients in future studies.

Effects of Cloprednol and other Corticosteroids on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 326-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Ortega ◽  
Consuelo Rodriguez ◽  
L James Strand ◽  
Eugene Segre
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Hpa Function

The effects of cloprednol and other synthetic corticosteroids on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function were studied in healthy subjects after administration of a single oral dose of corticosteroid at 6 a.m. or 6 p.m., and after daily 6 a.m. administration of corticosteroids at various doses for seven days. The degree of HPA suppression was assessed by metyrapone tests (METP), insulin hypoglycaemia tests (IHT) and 6 a.m. fasting plasma Cortisol concentrations. Regardless of the corticosteroid tested, 6 p.m. dosing was at least four-fold more suppressive of METP response than 6 a.m. administration. At therapeutically equivalent doses, single doses of triamcinolone and dexamethasone were more suppressive of HPA-axis function than cloprednol, hydrocortisone or prednisolone. After 6 a.m. administration for seven days, 12·5 mg of cloprednol did not impair the Cortisol response to IHT or interfere with the METP response. The clinically equivalent dose of prednisolone (25 mg) resulted in slightly greater HPA-axis suppression. All doses of dexamethasone (0·5, 3·75 and 6·0 mg) and of betamethasone (2·0, 4·0 and 6·5 mg) were more suppressive of HPA-axis function than either cloprednol or prednisolone. These results suggest that at equipotent anti-inflammatory doses, cloprednol is slightly less suppressive of HPA-axis function than prednisolone, and both cloprednol and prednisolone are much less suppressive than dexamethasone or betamethasone.

240 Beef Heifers with Increased Number of Follicles Have Greater Uterine Luminal Glucose Concentrations

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
Alexandria Snider ◽  
Matthew S Crouse ◽  
Shelby Rosasco ◽  
Kaitlin M Epperson ◽  
Emmalee J Northrop-Albrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1 ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
And Function

Abstract Increased numbers of antral follicles are associated with greater fertility and a uterine environment that is more supportive of early embryonic development in beef heifers. Glucose is a primary energy source for embryos and glucose concentrations are elevated in uterine luminal fluid (ULF) of pregnant heifers. We hypothesized that ULF glucose concentrations and endometrial transcript abundance for glucose transporters at d16 after insemination would be greater in heifers with increased numbers of antral follicles. Heifers classified with either increased (32 ± 1.1) or diminished (14.7 ± 1.1) antral follicle counts were selected and artificially inseminated following the Select Synch protocol (d0). At d16 after insemination, heifers were sent to the abattoir and reproductive tracts were collected to retrieve conceptuses to determine pregnancy. Uterine luminal fluid was collected, the endometrium was biopsied, total RNA was extracted and glucose transporter transcript abundance was determined. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with antral follicle group, pregnancy status, and the interaction as fixed effects. Glucose concentrations in ULF were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in heifers with increased antral follicle numbers compared to heifers with diminished numbers (122.65 ± 11.91 vs 84.12 ± 12.42 mg/dL). Glucose ULF concentrations were increased (P &lt; 0.05) in pregnant vs. non-pregnant heifers (124.84 ± 12.81 vs 81.93 ± 11.50 mg/dL). Endometrial glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) transcript abundance was increased in pregnant heifers (P &lt; 0.01) but was not different due to antral follicle number or the interaction. Therefore, differences in glucose concentrations associated with antral follicle number may be due to differences in GLUT1 transcription before d16 or due to differences in protein abundance or functionality. Taken together, heifers with increased number of antral follicles may have increased energy availability in the uterus for trophoblast proliferation and function. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL FUNCTION IN OBESITY AND THE CORTISOL SECRETION RATE FOLLOWING PROLONGED STARVATION

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivor M. D. Jackson ◽  
Joy I. Mowat
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Prolonged Starvation ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

ABSTRACT Evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis was undertaken in obesity. Abnormality of diurnal rhythm of plasma cortisol, elevated cortisol secretion rate (CSR) and, to a lesser extent, excessive response to adrenal stimulation, were found in a proportion of cases. Adequate hypoglycaemia invariably produced a significant cortisol rise and 80% of cases responded to L.8 vasopressin at 5 units im. A significant fall in CSR, urinary 17-OHCS and 17-KS occurred with starvation. The significance of these findings in relation to Cushing's syndrome is discussed.

scholarly journals Evidence for Ototopical Glucocorticoid-Induced Decrease in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Response and Liver Function

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (7) ◽  
pp. 3163-3171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getu Abraham ◽  
Jutta Gottschalk ◽  
Fritz Rupert Ungemach
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Stimulation Test ◽  
Acth Stimulation Test ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Abstract To clarify whether ototopical glucocorticoid treatment is associated with impaired hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) activity and altered hepatic metabolism, one commercially available dexamethasone-containing ointment was tested. At present, very little is known about the effects of ototopical glucocorticoid treatment on HPA and liver function. Ten beagle dogs received two daily therapeutic doses of dexamethasone (0.6 mg/ear) in the outer auditory canal for 21 d in a single-blind, placebo-controlled study. Resting cortisol concentrations were assessed before, during, and after treatment using an RIA system. Adrenal function and HPA feedback sensitivity were measured by a standard dose (250 μg) ACTH stimulation test. Serum biochemical and hematological parameters were measured, whether ototopical glucocorticoids affect hepatic function was studied, and blood cell counts were made. Ototopical dexamethasone treatment induced a marked suppression (to about 100%) of resting plasma cortisol concentrations below the placebo effect (P &lt; 0.0001) within the first 11 d, and these remained reduced during the entire treatment period up to d 19. As well, an ACTH stimulation test found a markedly reduced rise in plasma cortisol concentrations (P = 0.0004). Concomitantly, significant increases in serum activities of alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase were detected. Moreover, we found a significant reduction in differential leukocyte counts of eosinophils and lymphocytes, whereas neutrophils increased. Although cortisol levels and hematological parameters returned to baseline 7 d after treatment cessation, liver enzyme activities remained elevated. In conclusion, these findings suggest that after ototopical application, dexamethasone is sufficiently absorbed from the auditory canal to suppress HPA function as well as to alter metabolic and hemopoietic profiles. Thus, in long-term treatment of otitis externa or media, the systemic adverse suppression of HPA has to be considered in relation to stress exposure, whereas changes in serum enzyme activities may not be interpreted as hepathopathy.

scholarly journals Effects of Maternal Dexamethasone Treatment in Early Pregnancy on Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Fetal Sheep

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (12) ◽  
pp. 5466-5477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Braun ◽  
Shaofu Li ◽  
Deborah M. Sloboda ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Melanie C. Audette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Total N ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Abstract Fetal exposure to elevated levels of bioactive glucocorticoids early in gestation, as in suspected cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, may result in adverse neurological events. Fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal development and function may be involved. We investigated immediate and long-term effects of maternal dexamethasone (DEX) administration early in pregnancy on fetal growth and pituitary-adrenal activity in sheep. Pregnant ewes carrying singleton fetuses (total n = 119) were randomized to control (2 ml saline/ewe) or DEX-treated groups (im injections of 0.14 mg/kg ewe weight · 12 h) at 40–41 d gestation (dG). At 50, 100, 125, and 140 dG, fetal plasma and tissues were collected. DEX-exposed fetuses were lighter than controls at 100 dG (P &lt; 0.05) but not at any other times. Fetal plasma ACTH levels and pituitary POMC and PC-1 mRNA levels were similar between groups. Fetal plasma cortisol levels were significantly reduced after DEX exposure in both male and female fetuses at 50 dG (P &lt; 0.05), were similar at 100 and 125 dG, but were significantly higher than controls at 140 dG. At 140 dG, there was increased adrenal P450C17 and 3β-HSD mRNA in female fetuses and reduced expression of ACTH-R mRNA in males. Fetal hepatic CBG mRNA levels mimicked plasma cortisol patterns. DEX exposure reduced CBG only in males at 50 dG (P &lt; 0.05). Placental mRNA levels of 11β-HSD2 were increased after DEX in males (P &lt; 0.05). Therefore, in sheep, early DEX may alter the developmental trajectory of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, directly increasing fetal adrenal activation but not anterior pituitary function. In females, this effect may be attributed, in part, to increased fetal adrenal steroidogenic activity.

Neuroendocrine, appetitive and behavioural responses to d-fenfluramine in women recovered from anorexia nervosa

1998 ◽  
Vol 172 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Ward ◽  
Nigel Brown ◽  
Stafford Lightman ◽  
Iain C. Campbell ◽  
Janet Treasure
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Menstrual Function ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

BackgroundIncreased central serotonin (5-HT) function has been hypothesised to be a vulnerability trait in anorexia nervosa.MethodsEighteen women with a history of DSM–III–R anorexia nervosa and 18 female controls were examined. The subjects had recovered weight and menstrual function. A placebo-controlled d-fenfluramine test was used. Subjects ingested d-fenfluramine or placebo and after three hours were offered a ‘free’ meal. The amounts eaten were recorded and plasma Cortisol and prolactin levels were measured. Questionnaires related to eating attitudes and behaviour, to personality, and to mood were administered.ResultsUnlike the control subjects, those recovered from anorexia nervosa did not show the expected appetite-suppressing responses to d-fenfluramine; their eating attitudes and behaviour were more restrained, ‘negative’ perfectionism was more pronounced, and post-meal plasma Cortisol levels did not rise as expected.ConclusionsOur results do not suggest that increased central 5-HT function is a trait marker in anorexia nervosa, but dysregulation in part of the central 5-HT system may be a vulnerability factor. The flattened post-meal response to Cortisol in the subjects who had recovered from anorexia nervosa suggests that their hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis may be altered and deserves further investigation.

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