scholarly journals PSXIII-14 The impact of estrus intensity on variables associated with fertility in Bos taurus-influenced beef cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 362-363
Author(s):  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Nicola Oosthuizen ◽  
Kelsey Schubach ◽  
Alice Brandão ◽  
Ramiro Oliveira Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ovarian Dynamics ◽  
Synchronization Protocol

Abstract To evaluate the impact of estrus expression and intensity on parameters associated with reproductive performance, 219 lactating, multiparous Bos taurus-influenced beef cows were enrolled in this study. Cows were exposed to an estrus synchronization protocol, where they received a 100-µg injection of GnRH and a CIDR insert on d -10, a 25-mg injection of PGF2a at CIDR removal on d -3, and an injection of GnRH 60–66 h following CIDR removal at fixed-time AI (TAI; d 0). Cows were fitted with a pedometer behind their right shoulder on d -10, and an estrus detection patch was applied to their tail-head on d -3. Estrus expression was defined as removal of > 50% of the rub-off coating from the patch on d 0. Net physical activity during estrus was calculated by subtracting daily activity during the non-estrus period (d -10 to -3) from activity during the expected estrus period (d -3 to 0). Cows were classified into 3 groups: cows that did not express estrus (NOESTR; n = 119), cows that expressed estrus with net physical activity greater than the median (HIESTR; n = 50), and the remaining cows (LWESTR; n = 50). Ultrasonography was performed on d -3, 0, and 7 to determine the presence and size of ovarian structures. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 29 d after TAI. Net physical activity was greater in HIESTR compared to both LWESTR and NOESTR (P < 0.01). Dominant follicle size was greater in HIESTR compared to both LWESTR and NOESTR (P < 0.01). Furthermore, HIESTR had greater corpus luteum volume on d 7 than LWESTR and NOESTR (P < 0.01). Pregnancy rates to AI (PR/AI) were greater in HIESTR and LWESTR compared to NOESTR (P < 0.01). In conclusion, cows that expressed estrus at a greater intensity had improved ovarian dynamics. Additionally, cows that exhibited estrus had greater PR/AI compared to non-estrual cows.

scholarly journals 215SUCCESSFUL OUT-OF-BREEDING SEASON ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION FOLLOWED BY FIXED TIME INSEMINATION IN WATERBUFFALO (BUBALUS BUBALIS)

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Züge ◽  
U. Rodacki ◽  
A.T. Grandi ◽  
J.M.J. Aerts ◽  
P.E.J. Bols
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Synchronization Protocol

The most important barrier to the increase of buffalo productivity is an overall poor reproductive efficiency, characterized by late sexual maturity, seasonal anestrus and long periods of postpartum ovarian inactivity resulting in extended calving intervals and poor expression of estrus behavior (Singh J et al., 2000, Anim. Reprod. Sci. 60–61, 593–604). Buffaloes are seasonal breeders with the highest reproductive activities during winter (short day lengths) and a high frequency of anestrus during the summer months (Singh G et al. 1985, Ind. J. Anim. Res. 19, 57–60). Recent research demonstrated that a combination of progesterone, estradiol benzoate and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was effective for estrus induction and synchronization in buffalo heifers under Mediterranean conditions (Barile et al. 2001, Livestock Prod. Sci. 68, 283–287). The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of an estrus synchronization protocol on reproductive efficiency of water buffalo during out of the normal breeding season. A total of six heifers (21 to 23 months of age) and three cows (5, 6 and 18 years of age) were enrolled in an estrus synchronization protocol lasting for 12 days. All animals were kept under tropical conditions in the coastal part of Paraná (Antonina), about 450km south of São Paulo. The experiment was performed in December, 2002, during the Brazilian summer season, when reproductive efficiency of buffaloes is greatly reduced. On the first day of the protocol (Day 0), animals were implanted with an intravaginal device containing 1g of progesterone (DIB, Syntex SA, Buenos Aires, Argentina) and injected with 10mg estradiol benzoate (Estrogin, Famavet, São Paulo, Brazil). On Day 9, the DIB implant was removed and the animals received 150μg (i.m.) of cloprostenol (Prolise, Syntex SA, Buenos Aires, Argentina) and 2500 IU of eCG (Novormon, Syntex SA, Buenos Aires, Argentina). On Day 11, all animals received 1500 IU of hCG (Vetecor, Lab. Calier, Spain). Artificial insemination (AI) was performed on Day 12 using frozen-thawed semen from a bull of proven fertility. Only one AI was performed per heifer/cow. Pregnancies were determined by ultrasound examination at 53 days following AI and confirmed by rectal palpation at 90 days post AI. The use of this estrus synchronization protocol, followed by fixed-time insemination, resulted in four pregnant heifers (66%) and three pregnant cows (100%). Our results demonstrate that buffalo reproduction can be successful during out-of-breeding season when adequate hormonal treatment is used. Additional experiments should be done to validate the protocol.

scholarly journals PSXIII-12 Evaluation of split-time artificial insemination following administration of the 7-d CO-Synch + CIDR® estrus synchronization protocol in beef heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 374-374
Author(s):  
Emma R Knickmeyer ◽  
Jordan M Thomas ◽  
James William C Locke ◽  
Rachael C Bonacker ◽  
Mark R Ellersieck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Delayed Time ◽  
Split Time ◽  
Synchronization Protocol

Abstract Estrous response and pregnancy rates resulting from fixed-time (FTAI) or split-time (STAI) artificial insemination were compared among heifers following treatment with the 7-d CO-Synch + CIDR® (controlled internal drug release;1.38g progesterone) protocol. Heifers (n = 456) were assigned to balanced treatments based on weight and reproductive tract score (RTS; Scale 1–5). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 100 µg gonadorelin acetate) was administered coincident with CIDR® insertion. Progesterone inserts were removed after 7 d, and PG (250 mg im cloprostenol sodium) was administered at CIDR® removal. Estrus detection aids (Estrotect®) were applied at the time PG was administered. Estrous status was recorded at FTAI or STAI, and estrus was defined as removal of ≥ 50% of the grey coating from the Estrotect® patch. Heifers assigned to the FTAI treatment received GnRH and were artificially inseminated 54 h after PG administration. In the STAI treatment, only heifers that expressed estrus prior to 54 h were artificially inseminated at that time. For heifers failing to express estrus, AI was postponed 24 h and only those heifers that failed to exhibit estrus by the delayed time (78 h) received GnRH concurrent with AI. Estrous response prior to the standard time of FTAI did not differ between treatments (P = 0.3). Total estrous response was increased (P < 0.001) among heifers assigned to STAI (74%, STAI; 47%, FTAI); however, pregnancy rates resulting from AI were similar between treatments (48%, STAI; 46%, FTAI; P = 0.4), as were pregnancy rates at the end of a 60 d breeding season (P = 0.6). In summary, STAI resulted in a greater estrous response following treatment with the 7-d CO-Synch + CIDR® protocol; however, this did not result in an increase in pregnancy rate compared to heifers that received FTAI.

PSV-3 Ovarian dynamics of brahman cows submitted to five-day or twelve-day progesterone-based estrus synchronization protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 310-311
Author(s):  
Ramiro Oliveira Filho ◽  
Rafael R Paiva ◽  
Gabriela Dalmaso de Melo ◽  
Rodolfo C Cardoso ◽  
George A Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Extended Length ◽  
Estrus Response ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Ovarian Dynamics ◽  
Synchronization Protocol

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the ovarian response of Brahman cows submitted to two different estrus synchronization protocols and to determine the estrus response and ovulation time. A total of 153 Brahman cows were randomly assigned to receive one of the following estrus synchronization protocols: 1) CIDR insert and an injection of prostaglandin F2α (25 mg, PGF) on Day -5 and CIDR removal with PGF on Day 0 (CIDR5; n = 77); 2) CIDR insert on Day -12 and an injection of PGF on Day -12, Day -5 and Day 0 upon CIDR removal (CIDR12; n = 76). Estrotect breeding indicator patches were placed on Day 0 and cows were artificially inseminated (AI) 12h after estrus detection; cows not detected in estrus after 96h received TAI coupled with 100 µg of GnRH. Ovarian dynamics were observed during the protocol and follicular diameter were measured every 12h after AI until ovulation. Cows synchronized with CIDR12 had increased follicular diameter (CIDR5, 10.19 ± 0.51 vs. CIDR12, 13.12 ± 0.52 mm; P = 0.01) and decreased serum concentrations of progesterone (CIDR5, 1.68 ± 0.12 vs. CIDR12, 0.81 ± 0.12 ng/ml; P < 0.01) at CIDR removal. The percentage of cows exhibiting estrus did not differ between treatments (CIDR5, 66.2 vs. CIDR12, 64.5%; P = 0.25). No difference was observed in ovulation rate (CIDR5, 94.1 vs. CIDR12, 94.1%; P = 0.6). Time of estrus expression and ovulation time after CIDR removal did not differ (CIDR5, 59.9 ± 2.3 vs. CIDR12, 61.5 ± 2.3h; P = 0.71 and CIDR5, 88.1 ± 2.6 vs. CIDR12, 90.9 ± 2.6h; P = 0.75; respectively). In conclusion, extended length of CIDR with additional PGF increased follicular diameter and decreased concentrations of progesterone but did not influence estrus response and ovulation time in Brahman cows.

scholarly journals 218 Effect of GnRH injection at -72 h in MGA-PG estrus synchronization protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 122-122
Author(s):  
McKay Erickson ◽  
Rick N Funston
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Synchronization Protocol

Abstract Beef heifers (n = 1524) from two operations in central Nebraska were randomly assigned to one of two treatments [0 or 5 μg GnRH at prostaglandin F2α (PGF) administration 72 hrs before insemination]. Both locations utilized MGA-PG fixed-time AI (TAI) estrus synchronization protocol. The first location (L1, n = 1076, 382 ± 3 kg) processed heifers 72 hours prior to insemination and every third heifer was assigned to receive an injection of GnRH (5 ug) (TRT) and an injection of PGF. The remaining heifers received PGF and 0 μg GnRH. At insemination all heifers received 100 ug GnRH. Heifers were then observed for estrus behavior from 10–21 days post TAI and re-inseminated if estrus was detected. Heifers pregnant from the second breeding were added to final pregnancy rate. The second location (L2) utilized estrus detection patches and performed only TAI (n = 448, 363 ± 7 kg) following MGA-PG synchronization protocol outlined above without the estrus observation period. Treatment did not significantly (P > 0.20) improve TAI pregnancy rates [L1 TAI 56.3% (TRT) vs 57.3%; L1 AI Total 78.3% (TRT) vs 73.9%; L2 TAI 58.5% (TRT) vs 52.5%] among the two herds. The administration of 5 μg GnRH at PGF tended to increase (P = 0.12, 74% vs 63%) pregnancy rates for those inseminated during the follow up heat detection period at L1. The treatment did not (P > 0.20) improve pregnancy for the time-AI heifers. In addition, TAI pregnancy rates were similar (P > 0.20) at L2. There were greater (P < 0.20) effect of pen on pregnancy rate.

PSXII-20 Ovarian dynamics and fertility in beef cows administered a 5-day or 6-day CO-Synch protocol for timed artificial insemination

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 423-423
Author(s):  
Alexandria E Crist ◽  
Jessica Cristina Lemos Motta ◽  
Cameron Hayden ◽  
Benjamin Duran ◽  
Martin Mussard
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Models ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination ◽  
Ovarian Dynamics

Abstract The 5-day CO-Synch is an extensively used TAI protocol; however, it requires multiple administrations of prostaglandin F2α (PGF). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of increasing progesterone (P4) device insertion from 5 to 6 days during a TAI protocol on ovarian dynamics and fertility in beef cows. Suckled beef cows (n = 867) at six locations were randomly assigned to either a 5-day or 6-day CO-Synch. Cows received an intravaginal P4 device (CIDR, Zoetis) and 100 µg of gonadorelin acetate (GnRH, Parnell) on d-9 (6-day) or d-8 (5-day). On d-3 CIDR’s were removed, an estrus detection patch applied (Estrotect, Rockway Inc.) and either one (6-day) or two (5-day) doses of PGF (500 µg of cloprostenol sodium, Estroplan, Parnell) was administered. On d0 (72 h after CIDR removal) all cows received 100 µg of GnRH, estrus expression was evaluated, and AI was performed. Pregnancy was determined by ultrasonography 34 days after TAI. Ovarian dynamics were evaluated in a subset of animals (n = 20) between d-3 and d7 to determine preovulatory follicle size, time of ovulation and corpus luteum (CL) size. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models (SAS 9.4). Cows in the 6-day group tended (P = 0.09) to have a larger maximum follicle diameter (16.2±0.4mm) than cows in the 5-day group (15.0±0.6mm). In addition, CL volume on d7 was greater (P = 0.01) in the 6-day (4302±495mm3) than 5-day (2406±455mm3) group. There were, however, no differences (P = 0.15) in the interval between CIDR removal and ovulation. Cows assigned to the 6-day group had greater (P &lt; 0.05) estrus expression [56.1% (215/385) vs 41.5% (161/388)] and pregnancy rate [54.6% (236/438) vs 47.4% (207/435)] than cows in the 5-day group. In conclusion, extension of the period of P4 device insertion in a prolonged proestrus protocol increases preovulatory follicle size, estrous expression, and fertility to TAI.

scholarly journals 299 Treatment with prostaglandin F2α and an intravaginal progesterone insert in advance of gonadotropin-releasing hormone enhances response to estrus synchronization in mature beef cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 138-139
Author(s):  
Rachael C Bonacker ◽  
Katy S Stoecklein ◽  
Jaclyn N Ketchum ◽  
Emma R Knickmeyer ◽  
James William C Locke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Representative Subset ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Follicle Size

Abstract An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of treatments in advance of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 100μg gonadorelin) administered at the start of estrus synchronization. We hypothesized that administration of prostaglandin F2α (PG; 500μg cloprostenol) followed by treatment with an intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert (CIDR; 1.38g progesterone) would result in increased follicle size at GnRH, thereby enhancing response to GnRH and overall response to estrus synchronization. Postpartum suckled beef cows (n = 183) in two locations were assigned to one of five treatments based on age, days postpartum, and body condition score. Treatments (Figure 1) were designed as a two-by-two factorial with a control (Treatment 1). Treatments 2–5 received a CIDR insert from Day -17 to Day -10, with (Treatments 2 and 3) or without (Treatments 4 and 5) administration of PG coincident with CIDR insertion on Day -17. Coincident with GnRH administration on Day -10, CIDR inserts were either removed (Treatments 2 and 4) or remained in place until Day -3 (Treatments 3 and 5). On Day -3, estrus detection aids were applied and a representative subset of cows in each treatment were fitted with estrus detection transmitters. Blood samples were collected on Days -27, -17, -10, -3, and 0 for determination of serum estradiol and/or progesterone concentrations via radioimmunoassay. For a representative subset of cows (n = 111), transrectal ovarian ultrasound was performed to assess ovarian follicle size and presence of corpora lutea on Days -17, -10, -3, and 0. Treatment with PG and CIDR in advance of GnRH resulted in improvements (P &lt; 0.05) in several response variables, including follicle size on Day -17 and estrous response prior to AI. Results support the hypothesis that administration of PG and treatment with a CIDR for 7 d prior to GnRH improves likelihood of GnRH response and enhances response of mature cows to estrus synchronization.

scholarly journals 142 Evaluation of estrus detection patches as a tool to classify postpartum beef cows as estrous cycling or anestrous prior to the start of the breeding season

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 116-117
Author(s):  
Emily G Smith ◽  
Rachael C Bonacker ◽  
Carson M Andersen ◽  
Jordan M Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Estrous Cyclicity ◽  
Type Ii Errors ◽  
Estrous Cycling

Abstract Estrus detection patches were evaluated as a tool to classify postpartum cows as estrous cycling or anestrous at the start of the breeding season. EstrotectTM Breeding Indicators were applied to 257 postpartum beef cows in three locations 25 days prior to the start of estrus synchronization. Coincident with the start of estrus synchronization, patches were scored using a 1 to 4 scale (1 = 0–25%; 2 = 25–50%; 3 = 50–75%; 4 = 75–100%) with scores of 3 or 4 considered activated. Blood samples were collected from each cow 10 days prior to, and at the start of the estrus synchronization. Serum progesterone concentrations were determined via radioimmunoassay; cows were considered estrous cycling if one or both samples exceeded a concentration of 0.5 ng/ml. Based on progesterone, 54.9% of cows were estrous cycling at the start of estrus synchronization. When missing patches were considered inconclusive results, use of patches to infer estrous cyclicity resulted in 85.0% sensitivity and 79.2% specificity with a positive predictive value of 87.2%. However, 75.1% of all cows presented with missing patches at the start of synchronization. If missing patches were considered activated, sensitivity was 95.7%, but specificity (16.4%) and PPV (58.2%) were poor, as 47.6% of cows presenting with missing patches were anestrous based on progesterone. Across all cows, pregnancy rate to AI was 58.0% (149/257). Cows with activated patches that were classified as false positives based on serum progesterone concentrations achieved a 71.4% (5/7) pregnancy rate to AI, raising questions as to whether sensitivity was underestimated due to inherent Type II errors in classification of cyclicity via progesterone. In summary, estrus detection aids are a sensitive tool to identify estrous cycling postpartum cows prior to the start of the breeding season; however, poor specificity and patch retention are limitations for this application.

scholarly journals Use of hormonal subdoses applied in Bai Hui acupuncture in estrus synchronization protocols for goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Monna Lopes de Araújo ◽  
Carmo Emanuel Almeida Biscarde ◽  
Claudinéia da Silva Mendes ◽  
Mariana Alves de Andrade Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Detection Coverage ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Synchronization Protocol

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of delivering reduced doses of hormones via the Bai Hui acupoint in estrus synchronization in goats. A total of 40 goats received intravaginal sponges with medroxyprogesterone acetate for 7 days. The goats were then randomly distributed into 5 treatment: T1 - application of 132.5 ?g of cloprostenol and 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), both by intramuscular injection (IM); T2 - application of 39.75 ?g cloprostenol at the Bai Hui acupoint, and 300 IU of eCG by IM; T3 - application of 132.5 ?g of cloprostenol by IM, and 90 IU of eCG at the Bai Hui acupoint; T4 - application of 39.75?g of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both in Bai Hui and T5 acupuncture: application of 39.75?g of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both applied in false acupoint. The goats were subjected to an estrus synchronization protocol and monitored for estrus detection, coverage and evaluation of reproductive parameters to detect entry into estrus. The data were subjected to normality tests, followed by appropriate statistical analyses of each variable. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the percentage of animals in estrus (95.00 ± 11.18%), interval between sponge removal and beginning of estrus (49.72 ± 8.93 h), interval between sponge removal and end of estrus (76.84 ± 11.98 h), duration of estrus (27.08 ± 8.68 h), size of the largest follicle (6.82 ± 0.44 mm), interval between sponge removal and ovulation (78.28 ± 10.82 h), time from ovarian onset to estrus (28.52 ± 5.44 h), follicular growth rate (0.86 ± 0.29 mm/day), number of ovulations (1.32 ± 0.23), plasma progesterone concentration at 7 days after ovulation (10.28 ± 1.65 ng.mL-1), and gestation rate at 30 days after the beginning of estrus (75 ± 12.5%). However, the cost of the synchronization protocol per animal was 43.42% lower in treatments 4 and 5 (30% of the doses) than in treatment 1 (100% of the dose). Ovulation and estrus were efficiently synchronized with the use of 39.75 ?g of sodium cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, applied at the Bai Hui acupoint or at a false acupoint.

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