Use of hormonal subdoses applied in Bai Hui acupuncture in estrus synchronization protocols for goats

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of delivering reduced doses of hormones via the Bai Hui acupoint in estrus synchronization in goats. A total of 40 goats received intravaginal sponges with medroxyprogesterone acetate for 7 days. The goats were then randomly distributed into 5 treatment: T1 - application of 132.5 ?g of cloprostenol and 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), both by intramuscular injection (IM); T2 - application of 39.75 ?g cloprostenol at the Bai Hui acupoint, and 300 IU of eCG by IM; T3 - application of 132.5 ?g of cloprostenol by IM, and 90 IU of eCG at the Bai Hui acupoint; T4 - application of 39.75?g of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both in Bai Hui and T5 acupuncture: application of 39.75?g of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both applied in false acupoint. The goats were subjected to an estrus synchronization protocol and monitored for estrus detection, coverage and evaluation of reproductive parameters to detect entry into estrus. The data were subjected to normality tests, followed by appropriate statistical analyses of each variable. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the percentage of animals in estrus (95.00 ± 11.18%), interval between sponge removal and beginning of estrus (49.72 ± 8.93 h), interval between sponge removal and end of estrus (76.84 ± 11.98 h), duration of estrus (27.08 ± 8.68 h), size of the largest follicle (6.82 ± 0.44 mm), interval between sponge removal and ovulation (78.28 ± 10.82 h), time from ovarian onset to estrus (28.52 ± 5.44 h), follicular growth rate (0.86 ± 0.29 mm/day), number of ovulations (1.32 ± 0.23), plasma progesterone concentration at 7 days after ovulation (10.28 ± 1.65 ng.mL-1), and gestation rate at 30 days after the beginning of estrus (75 ± 12.5%). However, the cost of the synchronization protocol per animal was 43.42% lower in treatments 4 and 5 (30% of the doses) than in treatment 1 (100% of the dose). Ovulation and estrus were efficiently synchronized with the use of 39.75 ?g of sodium cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, applied at the Bai Hui acupoint or at a false acupoint.

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Application of hormonal subdoses at the Bai Hui acupoint for estrus synchronization in sheep

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n4p2359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 2359-2370

Author(s):

Diego Oliveira Souza ◽

◽

Carmo Emanuel Almeida Biscarde ◽

William Morais Machado ◽

Renan Luiz Albuquerque Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Cost Reduction ◽

Prostaglandin F2α ◽

Estrus Synchronization ◽

Follicular Growth ◽

Plasma Progesterone ◽

Protocol Cost ◽

Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

The Cost ◽

Synchronization Protocol

Here, the efficiency of applying subdoses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) at the Bai Hui (BH) acupoint for estrus synchronization in sheep was evaluated. Thirty Santa Inês ewes received intravaginal sponges containing 60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate for 7 days. The animals were divided into five treatments (T) (n=6): T1 (control), 132.5 μg PGF2α (100% of dose) and 300 IU eCG (100% of dose), both intramuscularly (IM); T2, 39.75 μg PGF2α (30% of dose) at the BH acupoint and 300 IU eCG (100% of dose) IM; T3, 132.5 μg PGF2α (100% of dose) IM and 90 IU eCG (30% of dose) at the BH acupoint; T4, 39.75 μg PGF2α (30% of dose) and 90 IU eCG (30% of dose), both at the BH acupoint; and T5, 39.75 μg PGF2α (30% of dose) and 90 IU eCG (30% of dose) both at a false acupoint (IM, at the same location as in T1). After 12 h of sponge removal and hormone application, the ewes were subjected to monitoring for estrus and mating and ultrasound assessments of follicular growth and ovulation time every 12 h. The data were evaluated for normality and subjected to analysis of variance, considering a 5% probability. There were no differences in the percentage of animals in estrus (93.3±9.1%), interval from sponge removal to estrus onset (48.1±6.0 h), interval from sponge removal to estrus end (69.6±5.4 h), duration of estrus (24.0±4.7 h), interval from sponge removal to ovulation (73.7±5.9 h), interval from estrus onset to ovulation (26.5±2.3 h), size of the largest follicle (6.7±0.4 mm), follicular growth rate (0.8±0.1 mm•day-1), number of ovulations (1.3±0.1), and plasma progesterone levels 7 days after ovulation (9.6±2.0 ng•mL-1). The cost of the synchronization protocol per animal was US$ 4.37, 4.12, 2.96, 2.71, and 2.71 for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively, with 37.99% cost reduction using PGF2α and eCG at 30% of the conventional doses. Therefore, the application of reduced PGF2α (39.75 μg) and eCG (90 IU) doses at the BH or false acupoint effectively synchronized estrus and reduced protocol cost in sheep, indicating that the conventional doses are overestimated.

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43 COSTS RELATED TO ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION AND AI PROTOCOLS IN CROSSBRED HOLSTEIN-ZEBU DAIRY COWS

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv22n1ab43 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 179

Author(s):

L. D. P. Sinedino ◽

B. T. Gerhardt ◽

A. P. Dourado ◽

L. A. G. Nogueira

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Animal Health ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Estradiol Benzoate ◽

Estrus Synchronization ◽

Labor Costs ◽

Estrus Detection ◽

The Cost

The objective of this paper was to compare 3 bovine AI protocols, evaluating the cost of each treatment and the pregnancy rates obtained, to demonstrate the importance of routine utilization of estrus synchronization techniques. The experiment was conducted in the Farm School of Cachoeiras de Macacu of the Federal Fluminense University, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, during the period from 2006 to 2007 (August to June). One hundred sixteen crossbred female Holstein-Zebu dairy cows in cycle, with body condition between 2.5 to 4 (on a scale from 1 to 5), were selected and divided randomly in 3 groups (G). Animals in G1 [n = 60; 21 heifers (H), 13 primiparous (P), and 26 multiparous (M)], with palpable corpus luteum, received 25 mg of prostaglandin F2 intravulvar, and AI was done 12 h after estrus detection. For animals in G2 (n = 30; 11 H, 6 P, and 13 M) an intravaginal progesterone device (CIDR®, Pfizer Animal Health, New York, NY, USA) was inserted and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) was administered i.m. on Day 0. On Day 8 the device was removed and 25 mg of prostaglandin was administered i.m. on Day 9, 2 mg of EB was administered, and 30 h later, timed AI of all animals was performed. For G3 (n = 26; 9 H, 5 P, and 12 M), the protocol used was similar to that for G2, except that on Day 8 400 IU of eCG was administered (in addition to the removal of the device) and on Day 9 the dose of EB was reduced to 1 mg and timed AI was done 27 h later. AI was done with semen from 2 sires with proven fertility, by the same technician. The pregnancy diagnoses were done on Day 45 by palpation per rectum and transrectal ultrasonography. The cost-benefit relation was calculated according to the cost of pharmaceuticals multiplied by the number of animals in each experimental group divided by the number of pregnancies obtained in each one, without considering the manual labor costs in all the groups and considering 3 uses of the CIDR. The statistical analyses were done using chi-square test. The pregnancy rate obtained in G2 (60%, 18/30) was superior to that in G1 (30%, 18/60) (P < 0.05), demonstrating the efficiency of the treatment that utilized progesterone. G3 (53.85%, 14/26) was similar (P > 0.05) to G2, despite the fact that the eCG was added in this group. In reference to cost-benefit, considering only the pharmaceuticals costs and the value for pregnancy obtained in each group, the costs found, respectively, were G1 U$7.02 and U$23.66; G2 U$28.57 and U$47.59; and G3 U$47.96 and U$89.05. The lowest cost in the estrus synchronization was based on the use of prostaglandins alone; the use of progesterone increased the synchronization cost, but also increased the pregnancy rate and eliminated the need for estrus observation. The addition of eCG in cows that are cycling does not necessarily demand a increase in pregnancy rate. Failure in estrus detection, using prostaglandin alone, increased the interval from calving, causing a daily loss in milk production, which justified the investment in protocols of estrus and ovulation synchronization, contributing to increase the reproductive efficiency of a dairy cow herd.

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Effects of repeated exposure to an estrus synchronization protocol on reproductive parameters in dairy goats

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2017-0183 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

pp. 489-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shuang Sun ◽

Shimin Liu ◽

Jun Luo ◽

Zhi Chen ◽

Yang Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Exposure ◽

Estrus Synchronization ◽

Reproductive Parameters ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Synchronization Protocol

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PSXIII-11 Altering length of the presynchronization period in a long-term progestin-based estrus synchronization protocol for timed artificial insemination of beef heifers

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.747 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 375-376

Author(s):

Emma R Knickmeyer ◽

Jordan M Thomas ◽

James William C Locke ◽

Rachael C Bonacker ◽

Lauren Ciernia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Artificial Insemination ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Prostaglandin F2α ◽

Estrus Synchronization ◽

Dominant Follicle ◽

Estrus Detection ◽

Timed Artificial Insemination ◽

Split Time ◽

Synchronization Protocol

Abstract An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of extending the presynchronization period in a progestin-based estrus synchronization protocol. Heifers were assigned to an 18 d or 14 d CIDR® treatment (1.38 g progesterone), with prostaglandin F2α (PG; 250 mg im) administered 16 d after CIDR® removal (Day 34). Heifers at two locations (location one, n = 193; location two, n = 649) were assigned to treatment based on reproductive tract score (RTS; Scale 1–5) and weight. Estrus detection aids (Estrotect®) were applied at PG and split-time artificial insemination (STAI) was performed based on estrus expression at 66 h. Heifers that expressed estrus at 66 h were inseminated and heifers that did not express estrus were inseminated at 90 h. Only heifers that failed to express estrus by 90 h received gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 100 µg im) at AI. At location one, blood samples were collected at PG and AI (66 h or 90 h) from all heifers to determine E2 concentrations, and transrectal ovarian ultrasound was performed to detail ovarian structures on a subset of heifers (n = 73) at both time points. The proportion of heifers expressing estrus by 66 h (60%) or in total by 90 h (84%) after PG did not differ between treatments. Pregnancy rate to STAI did not differ between treatments (P = 0.3; 52%, 14 d CIDR®-PG; 50%, 18 d CIDR®-PG), or at the end of the 60 d breeding season (P = 0.2). There were no differences between treatments in mean diameter of the dominant follicle at PG (P = 0.6) or STAI (P = 0.3), nor were any differences observed between treatments in E2 concentrations at PG (P = 0.8) or STAI (P = 0.6). These data suggest that CIDR® treatment can be extended from 14 to 18 d, providing flexibility in scheduling without compromising reproductive outcomes.

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PSXIII-12 Evaluation of split-time artificial insemination following administration of the 7-d CO-Synch + CIDR® estrus synchronization protocol in beef heifers

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.745 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 374-374

Author(s):

Emma R Knickmeyer ◽

Jordan M Thomas ◽

James William C Locke ◽

Rachael C Bonacker ◽

Mark R Ellersieck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Artificial Insemination ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Pregnancy Rates ◽

Estrus Synchronization ◽

Beef Heifers ◽

Estrus Detection ◽

Delayed Time ◽

Split Time ◽

Synchronization Protocol

Abstract Estrous response and pregnancy rates resulting from fixed-time (FTAI) or split-time (STAI) artificial insemination were compared among heifers following treatment with the 7-d CO-Synch + CIDR® (controlled internal drug release;1.38g progesterone) protocol. Heifers (n = 456) were assigned to balanced treatments based on weight and reproductive tract score (RTS; Scale 1–5). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 100 µg gonadorelin acetate) was administered coincident with CIDR® insertion. Progesterone inserts were removed after 7 d, and PG (250 mg im cloprostenol sodium) was administered at CIDR® removal. Estrus detection aids (Estrotect®) were applied at the time PG was administered. Estrous status was recorded at FTAI or STAI, and estrus was defined as removal of ≥ 50% of the grey coating from the Estrotect® patch. Heifers assigned to the FTAI treatment received GnRH and were artificially inseminated 54 h after PG administration. In the STAI treatment, only heifers that expressed estrus prior to 54 h were artificially inseminated at that time. For heifers failing to express estrus, AI was postponed 24 h and only those heifers that failed to exhibit estrus by the delayed time (78 h) received GnRH concurrent with AI. Estrous response prior to the standard time of FTAI did not differ between treatments (P = 0.3). Total estrous response was increased (P < 0.001) among heifers assigned to STAI (74%, STAI; 47%, FTAI); however, pregnancy rates resulting from AI were similar between treatments (48%, STAI; 46%, FTAI; P = 0.4), as were pregnancy rates at the end of a 60 d breeding season (P = 0.6). In summary, STAI resulted in a greater estrous response following treatment with the 7-d CO-Synch + CIDR® protocol; however, this did not result in an increase in pregnancy rate compared to heifers that received FTAI.

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Estrus Synchronization Using Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and Combination of PGF2α and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone In Ongole Crossbred

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202015101009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 151 ◽

pp. 01009

Author(s):

Pudji Astuti ◽

Claude M. Airin ◽

Slamet Widiyanto ◽

Sarmin Sarmin ◽

Amelia Hana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Methods ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Prostaglandin F2α ◽

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽

Estrus Synchronization ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Estrus Detection ◽

Female Cattle ◽

Estrus Phase

The response of estrus can be enhanced by providing PGF2α and a combination of PGF2αGnRH so that the time of mating using Artificial Insemination (AI) can be held precisely. This study aims to compare the response of estrus synchronization using PGF2α compare to PGF2α-GnRH. Twenty female cattle Ongole Crossbreds, 4-6 years, BCS average of 3-4 were used in this research. Cattle were selected based on their luteal phase at the days of 7 to 18 by rectal examination. Then, all of the cattle were injected by cloprostenol® with a dose of 500 ug intrauterine. Ten of the animals were injected by 2.5 mL of Fertagyl® intramuscularly after 48 hours then continued observing and response estrus detection. The onset of estrus using PGF2α was detected on 75.94 ± 0.78, while 41.57 ± 28.40 hours for PGF2α-GnRH Using statistical, there was a significant difference (P<0.05). Duration of estrus phase using PGF2α was 24.65 ± 0.49 whereas PGF2α-GnRH was 10.88 ± 7.45 hours. Using statistical methods, there was a significant difference (P <0.05). It could be concluded that the use of PGF2α was more effective for the duration and intensity of estrus, and a combination of PGF2α -GnRH is more effective for stimulating estrus.

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PSXIII-14 The impact of estrus intensity on variables associated with fertility in Bos taurus-influenced beef cows

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.724 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 362-363

Author(s):

Reinaldo F Cooke ◽

Nicola Oosthuizen ◽

Kelsey Schubach ◽

Alice Brandão ◽

Ramiro Oliveira Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Beef Cows ◽

Estrus Synchronization ◽

Estrus Detection ◽

Follicle Size ◽

The Impact ◽

Ovarian Dynamics ◽

Synchronization Protocol

Abstract To evaluate the impact of estrus expression and intensity on parameters associated with reproductive performance, 219 lactating, multiparous Bos taurus-influenced beef cows were enrolled in this study. Cows were exposed to an estrus synchronization protocol, where they received a 100-µg injection of GnRH and a CIDR insert on d -10, a 25-mg injection of PGF2a at CIDR removal on d -3, and an injection of GnRH 60–66 h following CIDR removal at fixed-time AI (TAI; d 0). Cows were fitted with a pedometer behind their right shoulder on d -10, and an estrus detection patch was applied to their tail-head on d -3. Estrus expression was defined as removal of > 50% of the rub-off coating from the patch on d 0. Net physical activity during estrus was calculated by subtracting daily activity during the non-estrus period (d -10 to -3) from activity during the expected estrus period (d -3 to 0). Cows were classified into 3 groups: cows that did not express estrus (NOESTR; n = 119), cows that expressed estrus with net physical activity greater than the median (HIESTR; n = 50), and the remaining cows (LWESTR; n = 50). Ultrasonography was performed on d -3, 0, and 7 to determine the presence and size of ovarian structures. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 29 d after TAI. Net physical activity was greater in HIESTR compared to both LWESTR and NOESTR (P < 0.01). Dominant follicle size was greater in HIESTR compared to both LWESTR and NOESTR (P < 0.01). Furthermore, HIESTR had greater corpus luteum volume on d 7 than LWESTR and NOESTR (P < 0.01). Pregnancy rates to AI (PR/AI) were greater in HIESTR and LWESTR compared to NOESTR (P < 0.01). In conclusion, cows that expressed estrus at a greater intensity had improved ovarian dynamics. Additionally, cows that exhibited estrus had greater PR/AI compared to non-estrual cows.

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PSV-3 Ovarian dynamics of brahman cows submitted to five-day or twelve-day progesterone-based estrus synchronization protocol

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.570 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 310-311

Author(s):

Ramiro Oliveira Filho ◽

Rafael R Paiva ◽

Gabriela Dalmaso de Melo ◽

Rodolfo C Cardoso ◽

George A Perry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostaglandin F2α ◽

Ovarian Response ◽

Estrus Synchronization ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Estrus Detection ◽

Extended Length ◽

Estrus Response ◽

To Receive ◽

Ovarian Dynamics ◽

Synchronization Protocol

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the ovarian response of Brahman cows submitted to two different estrus synchronization protocols and to determine the estrus response and ovulation time. A total of 153 Brahman cows were randomly assigned to receive one of the following estrus synchronization protocols: 1) CIDR insert and an injection of prostaglandin F2α (25 mg, PGF) on Day -5 and CIDR removal with PGF on Day 0 (CIDR5; n = 77); 2) CIDR insert on Day -12 and an injection of PGF on Day -12, Day -5 and Day 0 upon CIDR removal (CIDR12; n = 76). Estrotect breeding indicator patches were placed on Day 0 and cows were artificially inseminated (AI) 12h after estrus detection; cows not detected in estrus after 96h received TAI coupled with 100 µg of GnRH. Ovarian dynamics were observed during the protocol and follicular diameter were measured every 12h after AI until ovulation. Cows synchronized with CIDR12 had increased follicular diameter (CIDR5, 10.19 ± 0.51 vs. CIDR12, 13.12 ± 0.52 mm; P = 0.01) and decreased serum concentrations of progesterone (CIDR5, 1.68 ± 0.12 vs. CIDR12, 0.81 ± 0.12 ng/ml; P < 0.01) at CIDR removal. The percentage of cows exhibiting estrus did not differ between treatments (CIDR5, 66.2 vs. CIDR12, 64.5%; P = 0.25). No difference was observed in ovulation rate (CIDR5, 94.1 vs. CIDR12, 94.1%; P = 0.6). Time of estrus expression and ovulation time after CIDR removal did not differ (CIDR5, 59.9 ± 2.3 vs. CIDR12, 61.5 ± 2.3h; P = 0.71 and CIDR5, 88.1 ± 2.6 vs. CIDR12, 90.9 ± 2.6h; P = 0.75; respectively). In conclusion, extended length of CIDR with additional PGF increased follicular diameter and decreased concentrations of progesterone but did not influence estrus response and ovulation time in Brahman cows.

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Recipient Selection to Support The Success Rate of Frozen-Thawed Belgian Blue Embryo Transfer

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202015101048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 151 ◽

pp. 01048

Author(s):

Weni Kurniati ◽

Muhammad Agil ◽

Bambang Purwantara ◽

Muhammad Imron

Keyword(s):

Success Rate ◽

Embryo Transfer ◽

Loss Rate ◽

Estrus Synchronization ◽

Meat Demand ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Estrus Detection ◽

Modification Method ◽

D 20 ◽

Recipient Selection

Frozen-thawed Belgian Blue (BB) Embryo transfer (TE) is an effort of fulfilling meat demand in Indonesia. This research aimed at observing the correlation between estrus expressions of standing heat and the correlation of CL characteristics on the success rate of frozen-thawed BB embryo transfer. The study was conducted on 55 recipient cattle with 62 times of TE application, which were categorized into three groups, namely FTET estrus synchronization (n=14), 24-hour natural estrus detection (n=30) and twice-a-day natural estrus detection (n=18). The implemented synchronization was the combination of estradiol-progesterone and hCG with the modification of 24-hour estrus detection between day-9 and 10. The second method was a natural estrus detection, which was conducted four times for 30 minutes, and the third method was twice-aday estrus detection for 90 minutes. The CL characteristics were observed using ultrasonography (USG) in the TE application day. Pregnancy per ET (P/ET) was determined by ultrasonography on d-20, 30, and 50. This research revealed that expressions of standing heat increased P/ET (p<0.05). The pregnancy loss rate was lower of the recipient which showed the estrus expression of standing heat (18.18%) compared to recipients did not show standing heat (40%). Based on the estrus detection method, there was no significant difference between the FTET modification method and the percentage of pregnancy (p>0.05). The CL characteristics showed there was no correlation between CL diameter with the pregnancy success rate of TE (p>0.05).

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Effect of barium selenate injections on fertility of Pirlak ewes subjected to estrus synchronization during non-breeding season

Medycyna Weterynaryjna ◽

10.21521/mw.5758 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 73 (8) ◽

pp. 479-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mushap Kuru ◽

Osman Sogukpinar ◽

Mustafa Makav ◽

Nebi Cetin

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Breeding Season ◽

Litter Size ◽

Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Conception Rate ◽

Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽

Estrus Synchronization ◽

Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Synchronization Protocol ◽

Lambing Rate

This study was aimed at determining the effect of barium selenate injections on the fertility of Pirlak ewes which had been subjected to progesterone-assisted estrus synchronization during the non-breeding season. A total of 150 Pirlak ewes between the ages of 2 and 5 years were used in the study. Sponges containing progesterone were inserted into the vaginas of the ewes for 11 (groups I and III) or 14 days (groups II and IV) for the purpose of estrus synchronization, and 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was administered on the day of sponge removal. In addition, barium selenate was injected s.c. immediately before estrus synchronization protocol in groups I and III. After the sponges had been removed, estrus was observed for four days. The ewes were mated with fertile rams. The pregnancy was determined by transrectal ultrasonography 30 days after mating. It was observed that the estrus rate, pregnancy rate, conception rate, lambing rate, twinning rate, and litter size were not statistically different (P > 0.05) between the groups, but estrus onset was different (P < 0.001). In conclusion, barium selenate injections did not affect the fertility parameters before progesterone-assisted synchronization was applied to the Pirlak ewes during the non-breeding season

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