Recovery and Stability of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Using the Oral-Eze®Oral Fluid Collection System and Intercept®Oral Specimen Collection Device

Abstract Background African swine fever (ASF), caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), was first reported in Vietnam in 2019 and spread rapidly thereafter. Better insights into ASFV characteristics and early detection by surveillance could help control its spread. However, the pathogenicity and methods for early detection of ASFV isolates from Vietnam have not been established. Therefore, we investigated the pathogenicity of ASFV and explored alternative sampling methods for early detection. Results Ten pigs were intramuscularly inoculated with an ASFV strain from Vietnam (titer, 103.5 HAD50/mL), and their temperature, clinical signs, and virus excretion patterns were recorded. In addition, herd and environmental samples were collected daily. The pigs died 5–8 days-post-inoculation (dpi), and the incubation period was 3.7 ± 0.5 dpi. ASFV genome was first detected in the blood (2.2 ± 0.8) and then in rectal (3.1 ± 0.7), nasal (3.2 ± 0.4), and oral (3.6 ± 0.7 dpi) swab samples. ASFV was detected in oral fluid samples collected using a chewed rope from 3 dpi. The liver showed the highest viral loads, and ear tissue also exhibited high viral loads among 11 tissues obtained from dead pigs. Overall, ASFV from Vietnam was classified as peracute to acute form. The rope-based oral fluid collection method could be useful for early ASFV detection and allows successful ASF surveillance in large pig farms. Furthermore, ear tissue samples might be a simple alternative specimen for diagnosing ASF infection in dead pigs. Conclusions Our data provide valuable insights into the characteristics of a typical ASFV strain isolated in Vietnam and suggest an alternative, non-invasive specimen collection strategy for early detection.

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A comparison between the Intercept Oral Fluid Collection Device® and urinalysis among Baltimore City probationers

Journal of Criminal Justice ◽

10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2006.05.007 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 413-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

George S. Yacoubian ◽

Edward J. Cone

Keyword(s):

Oral Fluid ◽

Fluid Collection ◽

Baltimore City ◽

Collection Device

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Recovery of Drugs of Abuse from the Immunalysis Quantisal Oral Fluid Collection Device

Journal of Analytical Toxicology ◽

10.1093/jat/30.8.614 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 30 (8) ◽

pp. 614-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

O. Quintela ◽

D. J. Crouch ◽

D. M. Andrenyak

Keyword(s):

Oral Fluid ◽

Drugs Of Abuse ◽

Fluid Collection ◽

Collection Device

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Development and validation of the Cozart® DDS oral fluid collection device

Forensic Science International ◽

10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.03.038 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 170 (2-3) ◽

pp. 117-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

T. Speedy ◽

D. Baldwin ◽

G. Jowett ◽

M. Gallina ◽

A. Jehanli

Keyword(s):

Oral Fluid ◽

Fluid Collection ◽

Collection Device ◽

Development And Validation

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Use of Oral Fluid in a Rapid Syphilis Test Assay

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofx163.107 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S107-S108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chelsea Shannon ◽

Claire Bristow ◽

Sasha Herbst De Cortina ◽

Jennifer Chang ◽

Jeffrey Klausner

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Oral Fluid ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Fluid Collection ◽

Treponema Pallidum ◽

Rapid Test ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

The United States ◽

Collection Device ◽

Positive Results

Abstract Background From 2014 to 2015, the syphilis rate in the United States increased by 19%, reaching its highest rate since 1994. Currently, point-of-care syphilis assays use fingerstick or venipuncture whole blood to identify Treponema pallidum (TP) antibodies by qualitative immunoassay. However, patients and providers prefer oral fluid testing to whole blood testing. In this study, we aimed to determine whether a rapid syphilis test intended for use on whole blood could be used to detect TP antibodies in oral fluid. Methods Oral fluid was collected from 72 participants using the Super•SAL™ Oral Fluid Collection Device (Oasis Diagnostics®, Vancouver, WA). The device uses an absorbent cylindrical pad to collect and filter ~1 mlml of oral fluid. Oral fluid filtrate was tested using the SD Bioline Syphilis 3.0 rapid test (Alere Diagnostics, MA) following manufacturer directions for whole blood. TP particle agglutination (TPPA) and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) results derived from participants’ medical records were used as reference values. We used three different definitions as comparators: 1: TPPA reactive; 2: TPPA and RPR reactive and 3: TPPA reactive and RPR titer >1:4. Those with non-reactive TPPA and RPR results were considered seronegative. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity for definition 1 and sensitivity for definitions 2 and 3. We used the exact binomial method to determine 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results With definitions 1, 2, and 3, respectively, sensitivity was 83.3% (CI: 67.2, 93.6), 86.4% (CI: 65.1, 97.1), and 100% (CI: 71.5, 100). Specificity was 47.2% (CI: 36.5, 75.5). Conclusion The high sensitivity of the SD Bioline Syphilis 3.0 test using oral fluid suggests a strong potential for the development of accurate rapid oral syphilis tests. Sensitivity increased with higher RPR titer. False positive results may be due to the presence of non-venereal treponemal antibodies in oral fluid. Further research and development are needed to optimize specificity. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Comparison of Zopiclone Concentrations in Oral Fluid Sampled with Intercept® Oral Specimen Collection Device and Statsure Saliva Sampler™ and Concentrations in Blood

Journal of Analytical Toxicology ◽

10.1093/jat/34.9.590 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (9) ◽

pp. 590-593 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Hallvard Gjerde ◽

Elisabeth L. Øiestad ◽

Åse Marit L. Øiestad ◽

Marit Langødegård ◽

Ingebjørg Gustavsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Fluid ◽

Specimen Collection ◽

Collection Device

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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in oral fluid obtained using a rapid collection device

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.02510-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Melanie A. MacMullan ◽

Prithivi Chellamuthu ◽

Aubree Mades ◽

Sudipta Das ◽

Fred Turner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personal Protective Equipment ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Oral Fluid ◽

Antibody Detection ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Specimen Collection ◽

Collection Device ◽

Detection Approach

Current commercially available methods for reliably detecting antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 remain expensive and inaccessible due to the need for whole blood collection by highly trained phlebotomists using personal protective equipment (PPE). We have evaluated an antibody detection approach using the OraSure Technologies’ Oral Antibody Collection Device (OACD) and their proprietary SARS-CoV-2 total antibody detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that the OraSure test for total antibody detection in oral fluid had comparable sensitivity and specificity to commercially available serum-based ELISAs for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection while allowing for a more accessible specimen collection with the potential for self-collection.

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