Impact of oral fluid collection device on cannabinoid stability following smoked cannabis

Abstract Background From 2014 to 2015, the syphilis rate in the United States increased by 19%, reaching its highest rate since 1994. Currently, point-of-care syphilis assays use fingerstick or venipuncture whole blood to identify Treponema pallidum (TP) antibodies by qualitative immunoassay. However, patients and providers prefer oral fluid testing to whole blood testing. In this study, we aimed to determine whether a rapid syphilis test intended for use on whole blood could be used to detect TP antibodies in oral fluid. Methods Oral fluid was collected from 72 participants using the Super•SAL™ Oral Fluid Collection Device (Oasis Diagnostics®, Vancouver, WA). The device uses an absorbent cylindrical pad to collect and filter ~1 mlml of oral fluid. Oral fluid filtrate was tested using the SD Bioline Syphilis 3.0 rapid test (Alere Diagnostics, MA) following manufacturer directions for whole blood. TP particle agglutination (TPPA) and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) results derived from participants’ medical records were used as reference values. We used three different definitions as comparators: 1: TPPA reactive; 2: TPPA and RPR reactive and 3: TPPA reactive and RPR titer >1:4. Those with non-reactive TPPA and RPR results were considered seronegative. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity for definition 1 and sensitivity for definitions 2 and 3. We used the exact binomial method to determine 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results With definitions 1, 2, and 3, respectively, sensitivity was 83.3% (CI: 67.2, 93.6), 86.4% (CI: 65.1, 97.1), and 100% (CI: 71.5, 100). Specificity was 47.2% (CI: 36.5, 75.5). Conclusion The high sensitivity of the SD Bioline Syphilis 3.0 test using oral fluid suggests a strong potential for the development of accurate rapid oral syphilis tests. Sensitivity increased with higher RPR titer. False positive results may be due to the presence of non-venereal treponemal antibodies in oral fluid. Further research and development are needed to optimize specificity. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Recovery of Drugs of Abuse from Dräger DCD5000 Oral Fluid Collection Device in Australia

Journal of Analytical Toxicology ◽

10.1093/jat/bku123 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 140-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ashley-Jane Hall ◽

Janet V. Warner ◽

Michael G. Henman ◽

Wendy E. Ferguson

Keyword(s):

Oral Fluid ◽

Drugs Of Abuse ◽

Fluid Collection ◽

Collection Device

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Recovery and Stability of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Using the Oral-Eze®Oral Fluid Collection System and Intercept®Oral Specimen Collection Device

Journal of Analytical Toxicology ◽

10.1093/jat/bkv093 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

pp. 648-654 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kimberly L. Samano ◽

Lakshmi Anne ◽

Ted Johnson ◽

Kenneth Tang ◽

R.H. Barry Sample

Keyword(s):

Oral Fluid ◽

Fluid Collection ◽

Collection System ◽

Specimen Collection ◽

Collection Device

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Impact of Quantisal® Oral Fluid Collection Device on Drug Stability

Frontiers in Toxicology ◽

10.3389/ftox.2021.670656 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Michela Riggio ◽

Keyur A. Dave ◽

Branko Koscak ◽

Mark Blakey ◽

Charles Appleton

Keyword(s):

Oral Fluid ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Drug Stability ◽

Fluid Collection ◽

Percentage Change ◽

Collection Device ◽

Australian Standard ◽

The Stability ◽

Storage Temperatures ◽

Comprehensive Study

The stability of drugs can affect drug tests and interpretations. A comprehensive study to verify drug stability in Quantisal® oral fluid (OF) collection device was undertaken in accordance with Australian standard, AS/NZS 4760:2019 (SAI-Global, 2019). The evaluation was performed for the following drugs: (±) amphetamine, (±) methylamphetamine, (±) 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA), (−)Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cocaine, benzoylecgonine, morphine, codeine, and oxycodone. Stability was assessed at four different storage temperatures over seven time points at ±50% cut-off concentrations (Appendix A, Para A4-4.1, AS/NZS 4760:2019) (SAI-Global, 2019). All drugs were found to be significantly more stable at 4 and –20°C, with stability spanning at least 14 days with percentage change within ±20% from the cut-off concentrations (SAI-Global, 2019). In addition, we report a variation trend with cocaine and benzoylecgonine at elevated temperatures, suggesting hydrolytic decomposition of cocaine and a concomitant increase in benzoylecgonine quantitative values. We confirm the cross-talk by showing that the percentage change in the profile of average cocaine-benzoylecgonine measurement is within the acceptance concentration range of ±20%. This finding highlights the importance of precaution during storage and careful considerations during subsequent interpretation of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) measurements.

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Oral fluid collection: The neglected variable in oral fluid testing

Forensic Science International ◽

10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.02.028 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 150 (2-3) ◽

pp. 165-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 152

Author(s):

Dennis J. Crouch

Keyword(s):

Oral Fluid ◽

Fluid Collection

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Pathogenicity of an African swine fever virus strain isolated in Vietnam and alternative diagnostic specimens for early detection of viral infection

Porcine Health Management ◽

10.1186/s40813-021-00215-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hu Suk Lee ◽

Vuong Nghia Bui ◽

Duy Tung Dao ◽

Ngoc Anh Bui ◽

Thanh Duy Le ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Detection ◽

Oral Fluid ◽

African Swine Fever Virus ◽

Fluid Collection ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

African Swine Fever ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Specimen Collection

Abstract Background African swine fever (ASF), caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), was first reported in Vietnam in 2019 and spread rapidly thereafter. Better insights into ASFV characteristics and early detection by surveillance could help control its spread. However, the pathogenicity and methods for early detection of ASFV isolates from Vietnam have not been established. Therefore, we investigated the pathogenicity of ASFV and explored alternative sampling methods for early detection. Results Ten pigs were intramuscularly inoculated with an ASFV strain from Vietnam (titer, 103.5 HAD50/mL), and their temperature, clinical signs, and virus excretion patterns were recorded. In addition, herd and environmental samples were collected daily. The pigs died 5–8 days-post-inoculation (dpi), and the incubation period was 3.7 ± 0.5 dpi. ASFV genome was first detected in the blood (2.2 ± 0.8) and then in rectal (3.1 ± 0.7), nasal (3.2 ± 0.4), and oral (3.6 ± 0.7 dpi) swab samples. ASFV was detected in oral fluid samples collected using a chewed rope from 3 dpi. The liver showed the highest viral loads, and ear tissue also exhibited high viral loads among 11 tissues obtained from dead pigs. Overall, ASFV from Vietnam was classified as peracute to acute form. The rope-based oral fluid collection method could be useful for early ASFV detection and allows successful ASF surveillance in large pig farms. Furthermore, ear tissue samples might be a simple alternative specimen for diagnosing ASF infection in dead pigs. Conclusions Our data provide valuable insights into the characteristics of a typical ASFV strain isolated in Vietnam and suggest an alternative, non-invasive specimen collection strategy for early detection.

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